Causes of the Civil War

Transcription

1 Causes of the Civil War

2 4/20 Bellwork Write for 5 minutes from the perspec<ve of a Northern factory owner. Explain how you feel towards slavery and the South.

3 Bellwork: Review Ques<ons 4/15 1. List the four main causes of the civil war 2. Define secession. 3. The (north/south) had more resources. 4. The (north/south) favored a strong na<onal government. 5. The (north/south) favored low tariffs.

4 Review Answers 1. List the four main causes of the civil war 1. Differing Economies 2. States Rights 3. Tariffs 4. Slavery 2. Define secession 1. Formal withdrawal from an organiza<on 3. The (north/south) had more resources. 4. The (north/south) favored a strong na<onal government. 5. The (north/south) favored low tariffs

5 Causes of the Civil War

6 Defini<ons: Civil War: a war between opposing groups of ci<zens of the same country. Secession: formal withdrawal from an organiza<on American Civil War: War between the Northern and Southern States, from

7 Main Causes 1) Differing Economies 2) States Rights 3) Tariffs 4) Slavery A. Balance of Power

8 Differing Economies: North The North was largely industrial Factories were built in ci<es, near large #s of workers Northern industries needed large amounts of money to operate Banks became a major force in the North because of this Most of the na<on s financial resources were located in the North

9 Differing Economies: South South remained largely agricultural Most lived on small farms or planta<ons (Only 15 percent of the na<on s factories were in the South)

10 Differences in Resources

11 States Rights The North tended to favor a strong na<onal government (federal) Have control over the states on issues such as slavery Southerners believed that state governments should have control Each state should be able to decide on issues such as slavery

12 Tariffs Northern states favored high tariffs taxes on imported goods Helped manufacturers by making goods imported from Europe more expensive then American goods Southern states opposed high tariffs they sold coaon to Europe and bought European goods in return

13 Slavery Perhaps the main division between the North and South was the belief and prac<ce of slavery Southern States supported slavery because of how valuable slaves were to the Southern economy and overall way of life Northern States saw slavery as immoral

14 Extension of Slavery into the Territories Balance of Power The idea that there should be an equal # of slave and free states in the union Prevented one side from gaining more representa<ves in Congress Missouri Compromise Henry Clay helped to seale conflict keeping the balance of power with an equal # of free and slave states

15 Compromise of 1850 Senator Henry Clay also helped create this compromise 1) California should enter as a free state 2) Former Mexican territory divided into Utah and New Mexico; status would be decided by popular sovereignty 3) Outlawed slave trade in Washington D.C. 4) Passed Fugi;ve Slave Act

16 Fugi<ve Slave Act Made it a federal crime to help runaway slaves Officials could arrest runaway slaves in areas where slavery was illegal Accused fugi<ves could not tes<fy in their own defense

17 Underground Railroad Informal network of secret routes and safe houses for slaves to escape from slavery Would escape to free states or Canada Harriet Tubman Helped over 300 slaves escape slavery

18

19 Dred Scoa Dred Scoa slave of an army surgeon in Missouri Scoa traveled with the surgeon while he was on duty in Illinois and other free states Scoa sued for his freedom claiming he had become free when he lived in a free an<slavery territory

20 Dred Scoa Decision Case reached the Supreme Court in 1856 Decision was reached that African Americans were not ci<zens under the U.S. Cons<tu<on, He had no right to sue in a federal court Living on free soil did not make him free Called Missouri Compromise uncons<tu<onal No one could be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of the law Slaves were property, Congress could not ban someone from taking their property into a federal territory Northerners feared this decision would lead to the spread of slavery

21 Aboli<onists Abolish to end Aboli;onists Supported the ending of slavery Frederick Douglass Born to an enslaved family Spoke and wrote from the aboli<on movement Published a narra<ve/autobiography about his experiences as a runaway slave

22 Aboli<onists John Brown Advocated using violence to end slavery Wanted to aaack the military storehouse in Virginia and seize the weapons to arm slaves John Brown s raid began at Harpers Ferry Virginia No local slaves wanted to help for fear of punishment Brown was captured and hanged on 12/2/1859

23 Uncle Tom s Cabin Uncle Tom s Cabin: Novel published by Harriet Beecher Stowe An<slavery novel that told of the horrors of slavery Told the story of Tom, a slave sold to a cruel planter in Louisiana Hated in the South Praised in the North

24 Kansas Nebraska Act Stephen Douglas Congressman from Illinois Supported building a railroad line from Chicago to the Pacific For this to happen, the western land (unorganized land from Louisiana Territory) would become a federal territory The Missouri Compromise declared this land would be an< slavery (above 36 line) Some southern senators opposed the plan, as they wanted the railroad to be built in the South

25 Kansas Nebraska Act Kansas Nebraska Act Divided the rest of the Louisiana Purchase into two territories: Kansas and Nebraska Popular Sovereignty would decide if it would be pro or an< slavery The K/N Act would remove the geographical restric<on set in the Missouri Compromise An<slavery Northerners were upset 561 Chart comparing the Compromises

26

27

28 Bleeding Kansas Since Kansas was open to decide if it would be pro or an< slavery, a compe<<on began Poli<cians rushed to get an< slavery and pro slavery groups to seale in Kansas Thousands of pro slavery voters from Missouri crossed into Kansas and voted in the elec<ons Figh<ng broke out between pro slavery and an<slavery groups throughout Kansas John Brown led an aaack, killing 5 pro slavery men 200 people were killed in a series of violent aaacks over the following months, leading to the name Bleeding Kansas