An introduction to regulations relevant to COST Global warning

Transcription

1 An introduction to regulations relevant to COST Global warning Roel Potting Office for Risk Assesment & Research Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority COST Global Warning, Trabzon March 2015 An introduction to regulations relevant to COST Global warning Risk Assessment Inspection /Diagnostics Trade Agreements COST Global Warning, Trabzon March

2 Stakeholders in Plant Health Policy Industry Risk Assessment Inspection /Diagnostics > Trade Regulation Science EU-28 Trade in Plants for Planting (2013) Export 618 Mio. 142 Countries Import 278 Mio. 94 Countries 2

3 WTO-SPS (1994) Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement Closed------Plant Health System Open AU / NZ EU Ban on import, unless it is proven to be safe (RA) Commodity Risk Assessment Permit for import Post-Entry Quarantine Import allowed as long as there is no evidence of risk organism PRA Triggering Events in Plant Health Phylloxera: Disaster in European Vineyards Origin: rootstock from US 1881: first plant health law (FR, IT) for rootstock requirements 3

4 Triggering Events in Plant Health San Jose Scale: Disaster in US apple orchards US: import ban for Malus plants 1899: first Plant Protection Service (NL) established for official issuance of export certificates Ritzema Bos Founder PPS in NL Triggering Events in Plant Health Colorado Beetle: Disaster in European potato growing Measures: import ban potato from US & Canada 1952: first Regional Plant Protection Service (EPPO) established Development of International Standards EPPO Founders 1952 : FR+NL+DE+UK+IT+ES 4

5 Triggering Events in Plant Health 50 s-70 s Fireblight in Apple/Pear Dutch Elm Disease epidemic Plum Pox Virus A never ending story Triggering Events in Plant Health Harmonization of EU legislation 1977 Harmonised Quarantaine list and plant health law in member states 1992 Maastricht Treaty. No internal borders, free trade 2000 Current Plant Health Legislation (2000/29/EC) Measures specified for listed quarantine pests innocent until proven guilty Implemented by 28 MS 2017 Implementation of New EU Plant Health Law 5

6 Triggering Events in Plant Health explosion of the Global Market Trade 1994 SPS agreement on the application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures in trade > Lifting of tariff barriers: now technical justification of measures (risk assessment) International Plant Protection Convention 1995 formal link with WTO-SPS IPPC standards EU Plant Health Directive (2000/29/EC) Annex 1&2: Listing of Quarantaine Organisms Annex 3: list of banned plant genera Annex 4: specific import requirements for certain plant genera related to Q-organisms of Annex 1&2 Annex 5: listing of commodities that need official certificate & inspection at import 6

7 EU Plant Health Directive (2000/29/EC) Annex 1&2: Listing of Quarantaine Organisms Group Bacteria 22 Fungi 68 Insect 137 Nematode 14 Virus 71 Total 307 Sector Fruit 86 Forestery 74 Citrus 40 Vegetables 36 Other 71 Total 307 Regulation of pathays of listed organisms EU Plant Health Directive (2000/29/EC) Annex 1&2: Listing of Quarantaine Organisms Risk Assessment (Expert WG) > New Quarantaine Organism EU defines Measures for Pathways Example: Agrilus anxius Betula (US) 7

8 EU Plant Health Directive (2000/29/EC) Annex 3: Prohibition of Import (n=19) EU Plant Health Directive (2000/29/EC) Annex 4: specific import requirements 8

9 Possibility for exemption of prohibition for small quantities used for scientific work Strict conditions: quarantaine facilities, trained personel and obligatory tests 17 Requirements for Plants in Trade Import Export 3rd country -> EU Always official export certificate required No difference between EU countries Check requirements in 2000/29/EC EU -> 3rd country No agreement at EU Level Bilateral agreement exporting country and importing country 18 9

10 Plant Protection Service Import requirements Export requirements Check requirements for export certificate in 2000/29/EC Or Import permit for scientific material 2008/61/EC Check website or helpdesk Bilateral agreement Issuance of official export certicate 19 10

11 An introduction to regulations relevant to COST Global warning Roel Potting Office for Risk Assesment & Research Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority COST Global Warning, Trabzon March 2015 AU/NZ------Plant Health System EU Commodity PRA Organism PRA Organism Commodity Pathway1 Pathway2 Pathway3 Commodity Organism 11

12 PM 3/64(1) Intentional import of organisms that are plant pests or potential plant pests PM 5/3(5) Decision-support scheme for quarantine pests PM 5/5(1) Decision-Support Scheme for an Express Pest Risk Analysis PM5/7(1) Screening process to identify priorities for commodity PRA for plants for planting PM 7/122(1)Guidelines for the organization of interlaboratory comparisons by plant pest diagnostic laboratories IPPC standards, guidelines and recommendations are recognized as the basis for phytosanitary measures applied in trade by the Members of the World Trade Organization under the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the SPS Agreement). ISPM 11:2013 Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests ISPM 23:2005 Guidelines for inspection ISPM 36:2012 Integrated measures for plants for planting 12

13 Other Relevant Standards WTO-SPS (1994) Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement Export Living Plants Import Non-EU EU Guarantee that consignment complies with import requirements Export inspection Official Export Certificate Check that consignment complies with requirements certificate check identity check import inspection 13

14 Directive 95/44/EC Establishes conditions for dispensation of import regulations Directive 2000/29/EC for trial/ scientific purposes and selection Focussed on: Harmful organisms mentioned in Annexes I/II 2000/29/EC singly/associated with relevant plant material Risk-bearing material listed in Annex III 2000/29/EC Plant material not fulfilling importregulations Annex IV 2000/29/EC Quarantine worthy organisms (still not regulated but selected by a quick scan, Pest Risk Assessment ) 28 14

15 95/44/EG: A matter of finding a balance between risks and prevention Balance: Risk components: Biology of harmful organism(s) Means of dispersal procedures The activities The interaction on the environment Prevention components: Well equipped facilities Safe handling/operation Qualified personnel 29 15

16 Contents History of Plant Health Standards & Legislation Relevant aspects for COST action Daily flight pattern 16

17 WTO - SPS Agreement (1994) Phytosanitary measures should be: consistent with international standards justified by scientific principles and evidence harmonized to the extent possible transparent / notified / nondiscriminatory only as restrictive as necessary to meet the appropriate level of protection 17

18 Plant health regime in the EU EU protective measures for plant health are harmonized Directive 2000/29/EC Measures specified for listed quarantine pests innocent until proven guilty Covering all types of plants No independent legislation in Member States To justify these risk management measures: Risk assessment required for each pest species Pest risk assessment at the EU level PRA area is EU area What is the IPPC? Multilateral treaty for international cooperation in plant protection Nearly 160 countries NL 1951 Ukraine 2006 A standard setting organization 18

19 Established in 1952, the IPPC is an international plant health agreement that aims to prevent the introduction and spread of plant pests and promote appropriate measures for their control. Currently, 181 countries participate in the IPPC. Together, member countries develop international plant health standards, harmonize phytosanitary activities through emerging standards, exchange official and scientific information, and furnish technical assistance to developing member countries. The Convention is implemented by national plant protection organizations (NPPO) working in cooperation with regional plant protection organizations (RPPOs), the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures (CPM, the governing body of the IPPC), and the IPPC Secretariat. PPQ is the NPPO of the United States. 37 Intro - NL INTERESTS Data 2010 Sector Companies GROSS product value Export value Agriculture ,8 billion (potato: 1,3) 1,1 billion (no. 1?) Flower bulbs ,5 billion 0,6 billion (no. 1?) Cutflowers & plants ,2 billion 0,9 billion (no. 1?) Trees and shrubs ,7 billion 0,6 billion Vegetables and fruit ,7 billion 4,2 billion (no. 1) Total ,9 billion 7,4 billion Source: fytosignalering 2010, PT, VBN, HBAG, Frugiventa, Johan Roman 19

20 EU traditionally very organism oriented Specific organism targeted import requireme The goal of the IPPC is to protect the world's cul 20

21 EU Plant Health Directive ? Revised Plant Health Directive 1899 Establishment Plant Protection Service Export certificates for Tree Nurseries Agricultural seeds Fruit Trees Seed Potatoes EPPO: 1951, 15 members IPPC:

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23 45 <1900 Official rules for quality of seeds and propagation material of fruit trees, seed potato 1993 Harmonisation quality guidelines propagation material 1993 EU Common market with no border controls Globalisation horticultural sector: production of cuttings and other labour intensive material in low production cost countries (Brazil, Kenya, Costa Rica, China) 46 23

24 International Agreements year: 1947 GATT Trade Agreements Plant Health agreements 1951 IPPC 1994 International Standards FORMAL for Phytosanitary Measures LINK 1995 WTO SPS: ISPM no IPPC REVISED TEXT ISPMs INTERNATIONAL 2012 Law for trade in ISPM no. 32 plants 24