New concepts for converting renewable electricity to transportation fuels by CO2 gasification

Transcription

1 New concepts for converting renewable electricity to transportation fuels by CO2 gasification at 1st International Industrial Seminar Messer Benelux, April 18 th 2013 Reinhard Rauch Institute of Chemical Engineering Working Group Future Energy Technology Prof. Hermann Hofbauer

2 Head: Hermann Hofbauer Notified Testing Laboratory for Combustion Systems Head: Hermann Hofbauer Mechanical Process Engineering and Clean Air Technology Thermal Process Engineering and Simulation Chemical Process Engineering and Energy Technology Biochemical Engineering Gene Technology And Applied Biochemistry Natural Products and Food Chemistry Head: Wilhelm Höflinger Head: Anton Friedl Head: Hermann Hofbauer Head: Christoph Herwig Head: Christian Kubicek Head: Herbert Stachelberger Mechanical Separation Techniques and Particle Technology Process Simulation Reaction Engineering & Combustion Bioprocess Technology Molecular Biotechnology Natural Products and Archaeometry Head: Wilhelm Höflinger Head: Anton Friedl Head: Franz Winter Head: Christoph Herwig Head: Peter Kubicek Head: Leopold Puchinger Fluidized Bed Systems & Refinery Technology Fiber Technology Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Head: Alexander Reichhold Industrial Microbiology Gene Technology Food Chemistry Head: Andreas Bartl Head: Michael Harasek Synthetic Biofuels Head: Ewald Srebotnik Head: Robert Mach Head: Ingrid Steiner Head: Reinhard Rauch Chemometrics Gasification & Gas Cleaning Phytochemistry Food Technology Head: Anton Friedl Head: Christoph Pfeifer Head: Karl Stich Head: Gerhard Kroyer Zero Emission Technologies Head: Tobias Pröll

3 Basic Dates Institute of Chemical Engineering 5 Full Prof., 10 Associate Prof., 13 Assistant Prof. ca. 100 Research Assistants 20 Nonscientific Staff Chemical Engineering Project Volume [Mio ] Number of M.Sc Number of PhD

4 Bioenergy is a Competence Centre funded according to the rules of the COMET program from Austria Start of the project in COMET Program: 01 st April 2008 Foundation of company bioenergy : 29 th January 2009 Headquarter: Graz Research locations: Güssing, Wieselburg Additional research locations: Pinkafeld, Tulln Budget per year: 4.5 Mio. Funding: 55% Personal: about 60 full time equivalents Homepage BIOENERGY wird gefördert von FFG und den Ländern Burgenland, Niederösterreich und Steiermark

5 Gasification Concept of FICFB Producer Gas Flue gas Heat Gasification Combustion Biomass Circulation Additional Fuel Steam Air 5

6 The basic concept Green Chemistry Over 60,000 hours Producer Gas (gas engine, gas turbine, fuel cell) Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) Biomass Biomass Gasification Hydrogen Mixed alkohols Oxosynthesis for aldehydes FT-Fuels (FT-Diesel) Synthesis gas H 2 + CO Isosynthesis for Isobutane Methanol / DME others 6 Ammonia

7 Research along the process chain Biogenous Residues Wood Heat and Electricity Fuel Pretreatment Pyrolysis/ Gasification Gas Cleaning Heat and Electricity Production Energy Plants Synthetic Products Biomass derived from waste Fuel tests in 100 kw pilot plant Gas Upgrading Polygeneration: heat/electricity/ H 2 Synthesis BioSNG FT synthesis Mixed alcohols Hydrogen Performance and long term tests / maintenance Optimisation of the whole chain

8 Commercial FICFB gasifiers Location Usage / Product Fuel / Product MW, MW Start up Supplier Status Güssing, AT Gas engine 8.0 fuel / 2.0 el 2002 Oberwart, AT Gas engine / ORC / H fuel / 2.8 el 2008 Villach, AT Gas engine 15 fuel / 3.7 el 2010 Senden/Ulm DE Gas engine / ORC AE&E, Repotec Ortner Anlagenbau Ortner Anlagenbau Operational Operational Operational 14 fuel / 5 el 2011 Repotec Commissioning Burgeis, IT Gas engine 2 fuel / 0.5 el 2012 Repotec Commissioning Göteborg, Sweden BioSNG 32 fuel /20 BioSNG 2013 Metso/ Repotec Construction Vienna, OMV Hydrogen 50 fuel /30 hydrogen? Repotec cancelled

9 Future

10 Photovoltaik in Austria Quelle: Die Entwicklung erneuerbare Energie in Österreich im Jahr 2009 Erneuerbare Energie in Zahlen, Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft, Stubenring 1, 1012 Wien, Dezember 2010

11 Power to Gas Concepts (H2) BIOENERGY wird gefördert von FFG und den Ländern Burgenland, Niederösterreich und Steiermark

12 Power to Gas Concepts (CH 4 ) BIOENERGY wird gefördert von FFG und den Ländern Burgenland, Niederösterreich und Steiermark

13 Advantages - Disadvantages Relative low investment costs (except electrolyser), compared to classical methanation or Fischer Tropsch synthesis, based on solid fuels Not many full load operating hours per year High storage costs for electricity, due to investment and losses Does it make sense to store electricity? Or is it better to convert electricity into transportation fuels?

14 Idea: combination of biomass with renewable electricity biomass gasification gas cleaning Gas conditioning (CO 2 -removal) steam CO 2 Wind, fotovoltaic electrolysis hydrogen synthesis synthesis SNG, liquid fuels SNG, liquid fuels

15 Idea: combination of biomass with renewable electricity biomass gasification gas cleaning Gas conditioning (CO 2 -removal) steam CO 2 Wind, fotovoltaic electrolysis hydrogen as much H 2 as available synthesis Adjusting the H 2 :CO ratio by using the correct steam:co 2 ratio for gasification

16 Mass and Energy Balance Operation without external hydrogen 100MW Biomasse gasification 72MW Syngas Synthesis 40MW FT-Diesel Operation with external hydrogen 100MW Biomasse gasification 72MW Syngas Synthesis 80MW FT-Diesel 72MW hydrogen electrolysis 110MW Wind energy

17 Questions to be answered Steam gasification is already available, but is CO 2 gasification also possible Gas composition Tar content Load change velocity of synthesis For FT a slurry reactor is used, so no problem? For BioSNG a fludised bed is used, so also no problem? Detailed mass and energy balances Investment and operation costs

18 CO 2 gasification

19 CO 2 gasification

20 Part load behaviour of synthesis reactor Lab scale Fischer Tropsch synthesis, which uses a slip stream of the biomass CHP Güssing

21 Part load behaviour of synthesis reactor

22 Part load behaviour of synthesis reactor

23 Conclusion Combination of biomass gasification with wind/photovoltaic is a interesting option CO 2 gasification is possible and effects the gas composition by the reverse water gas shift reaction, only minor influence on tar content Carbon utilisation is much higher than in normal gasification Load change in synthesis reactor is possible Detailed Mass&Energy Balances will be published in the near future Economic evaluation of the system is key question! Here it is renewable carbon, not fossil! More info at