Dual fluidized bed gasification for CHP and production of advanced biofuels

Transcription

1 Dual fluidized bed gasification for CHP and production of advanced biofuels Dr. Reinhard Rauch Vienna, University of Technology Bioenergy IEA Bioenergy Task33 Thermal Gasification of Biomass 1

2 Producer Gas (gas engine, gas turbine, fuel cell) Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) Biomass Biomass Gasification Hydrogen Mixed alkohols Oxosynthesis for aldehydes FT-Fuels (FT-Diesel) Synthesis gas H 2 + CO Isosynthesis for Isobutane Methanol / DME Ammonia others

3 Gasification Concept of Dual Fluid (FICFB) Producer Gas Flue gas Heat Gasification Combustion Biomass Circulation Steam Air 3

4 Commercial FICFB gasifiers Location Usage / Product Fuel / Product MW, MW Start up Supplier Status Güssing, AT Gas engine 8.0 fuel / 2.0 el 2002 Oberwart, AT Gas engine / ORC 8.5 fuel / 2.8 el 2008 Villach, AT Gas engine 15 fuel / 3.7 el 2010 Senden/Ulm DE Gas engine / ORC AE&E, Repotec Ortner Anlagenbau Ortner Anlagenbau Operational Operational On hold 14.7 fuel / 5 el 2011 Repotec Operational Burgeis, IT Gas engine 2 fuel / 0.5 el 2012 Repotec Commissioning Göteborg, Sweden BioSNG 32 fuel /20 BioSNG 2013 Metso/ Repotec Commissioning

5 Biomasses tested in the pilot scale FICFB gasifier Wood chips Wood pellets Saw dust (particle size) Coal (fixed carbon) Sewage sludge pellets (ash content) Animal residue (impurities) Straw (ash melting) Willow (energy crop) All fuels can be used, if the ash melting point is above 1000 C as pure fuel and fixed carbon below 25%. Fuels with lower ash melting point or higher fixed carbon have to be used as mixture (e.g. 15% straw works well) 5

6 Case Study on CHP Integrated dryer h el = 34 %; h ges = 70 %; IGCC h el = 31 %; h ges = 75 %; Single Cycle h el = 25 %; h ges = 80 %; BWL = 8,8 MW f = 40 % dryer BWL = 9,6 MW f = 15 % gasifier engine el = 2,4 MW el = 3,0 MW w = 5,3 MW ORC el = 0,6 MW w = 4,2 MW w = 3,2 MW

7 BioH 2 Biomass to Hydrogen

8 BioH2-4Refineries Economic evaluation of production of hydrogen for a refinery Coordination by OMV 50 MW fuel plant to replace fossil hydrogen Evaluation of the biomass resources available for such a plant Basic - engineering of the gasifier as well as of all other sub units, including pipelines, utility systems, logistic needs Optimal use of by-products Economic evaluation

9 C2H4 3% CH4 10% Gas composition at CHP Güssing On volume basis C2H6 1% C3H6 1% N2 2% H2 39% C2H4 11% C2H6 2% On energy basis C3H6 3% N2 0% H2 34% CO2 22% CH4 28% CO 22% CO2 0% CO 22%

10 Options for gas conversions CO-shift Conversion of hydrocarbons Reforming to H 2 and CO and recycle Conversion to SNG Conversion to electricity and heat Mass and Energy balances for all 3 cases were calculated Economics show, that reforming gives the highest overall value (at the frame conditions in Austria) 10

11 Simplified flow chart 11

12 Status BioH2 Applied for NER300 Technical diligence was good Economics due to high biomass price (110 /t dry ) were the main reason to be on the 3 rd place Project is on hold, but pilot plant is realised as slip stream in Güssing Future applications are evaluated together with gas industry 12

13 BIOMASS-TO TO-FISCHER-TROPSCH Folie 13

14 Synthetic biofuels (FT- Route) Cellulose, Polyose (Hemicellulose ) Lignin i/n- paraffins (hydrocarbons) Fossil products (e.g. LGO, HGO, VGO) Wood chips Gasification Raw Syngas Cleaning/ Conditioning Pure Syngas FT- wax FT- Synthesis Hydro- (Co)-Processing Purge Gas Wax steam FT- fuels Hydrogen (pure/ recycled) HPFT- Fuels

15 FT lab scale plant 5-10kg/day of FT raw product Slurry reactor, because of excellent heat transfer and easy scaling up Gas treatment removes Sulphur to below 10ppb Fully automatic 15

16 fraction [%wt] Comparison of produced FT Fuels FT- Diesel HPFT- Diesel CEC- Prüf. ACN: >72 t d = 2,5 s 68,5 t d = 2,91 s >51,8 / CFPP/CP/FP: -12/ -9/ - C -62/ -60 / -98 C -18/ -5 C Carbon- number i- paraff/res. (FT) n- paraff. (FT) i- paraff/res. (HPFT) n- paraff. (HPFT) i- paraff. /res. CEC- Prüf DK n- paraff. CEC- Prüf- DK

17 Results on engine tests with blends

18 SGC Energia finished successfully their 1bpd demo

19 Cases for FT fuel= 91 MW dryer f = 40 % fuel = 100 MW f = 15 % gasifier FT FT product = 5 t/h FT product < 4 t/h reforming Steam = 0 MW Steam t/h District heat ~ 40 MW District heat = 0 MW engine power= 0 MW power= 8 MW

20 Cases for FT fuel= 91 MW f = 40 % dryer fuel = 100 MW f = 15 % gasifier Steam = 0 MW District heat ~ 40 MW FT product = 5 t/h FT FT product = 10 t/h power ~ 100 MW electrolysis reforming engine power= 0 MW

21 Current Status and Outlook Successful scale up of a dual fluidized bed steam gasification system from laboratory to industrial scale (within 10 years) Several industrial plants available with High electrical efficiency (> 30 % with combined gas engine and ORC-process) No solid residues (only ash, carbon content <0,5 %) No liquid condensates European emission requirements are met High availabilities (>90 %) Three plants are already in operation (8-15 MW fuel ) High potential for biofuels (BioSNG, BioFiT) BioSNG, most suitable, BioFiT, research ongoing, scale up to 1 bpd is ongoing Biomass CHP Güssing and now also Oberwart is optimal for research, as synthesis gas is available for 7000 hours per year

22 Information Dr.Reinhard Rauch Vienna University of Technology Bioenergy2020+ Phone: ( ) Skype: reinhard.rauch.tuwien More info at