KEY SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATISTICS ON IDB MEMBER COUNTRIES

Transcription

1 ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK Ec on om y KEY SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATISTICS ON IDB MEMBER COUNTRIES n Ed uc a tio de a r T Health Demog raphy onograph ical M N o tist.3 5 Sta onograph ical M No t s i t.3 a t 5 S

2 ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK KEY SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATISTICS ON IDB MEMBER COUNTRIES Economic Research and Policy Department Chief Economist Complex Sha ban 1436H (May 2015)

3

4 Preface In this 35 th edition of the Statistical Monograph Key Socio-Economic Statistics on IDB Member Countries, we present key socio-economic data and aggregates on over 200 indicators of member statistics, it allows policy makers to benchmark the economic performance of their countries with that of the 56-member countries as a whole for the purpose of tracking progress in achieving the targets set The Monograph covers individual country data and aggregates for regional groupings (Asia, MENA, CIT and SSA) and two economic groupings of IDB member countries (LDMCs and Non-LDMCs), in addition to those for OIC economies, developing countries, least developed countries, developed Part I of the Monograph entitled Demographic and Human Development Indicators provides indicators on demography, population structure, vital statistic, health, education, poverty and human development, information and communication technology, employment, productivity and competitiveness, environment, land use, food and agricultural production, which are used to assess Part II Macro-economic Indicators information on the economic performance in terms of growth and structure of output, investments, and this Monograph to: Director, Economic Research and Policy Department Islamic Development Bank Jeddah Saudi Arabia iii

5

6 Contents Preface Symbols, Acronyms and Abbreviations Data Sources Highlights Technical Note Glossary PART I: DEMOGRAPHIC AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS PART II: MACRO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS v

7 vi PART III: EXTERNAL SECTOR ECONOMIC INDICATORS

8 PART I: DEMOGRAPHIC AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS PART II: MACRO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS PART III: EXTERNAL SECTOR ECONOMIC INDICATORS vii

9 Symbols, Acronyms and Abbreviation Symbols Data not available -- Aggregate is not computed because more than one-third of the observations in the series are missing in a given year Percentage 000 Thousands Acronyms and Abbreviations ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations Cost, insurance, and freight CIS Commonwealth of Independent States COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa CIT Countries in Transition ECO Economic Cooperation Organization Cross Domestic Product ID Islamic Dinar IDB Islamic Development Bank LDCs Least Developed Countries MCs Member Countries MENA Middle East and North Africa ODA OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OIC Organization of the Islamic Cooperation SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SSA Sub-Saharan Africa viii

10 Data Sources ix

11

12 PART I: DEMOGRAPHIC AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS Population The total number of people living in the 56 IDB member countries (MCs) was 1.7 billion in 2014 and is projected to reach 1.9 billion by This represents 23 percent of the world s population. Only four member countries had more than 100 million population each in Indonesia (253 million), Pakistan (185 million), Nigeria (179 million), Bangladesh (159 million) -- and together Population of MCs grew by 2% per annum they accounted for 46.2 percent of the total population. Asia region had the largest population at 39.3 percent of total population in 2014, followed by Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region at 30.2 percent, Sub- Saharan Africa (SSA) at 25.9 percent, and Countries in Transition (CIT) at 4.6 percent. The annual population growth of member countries averaged 2 percent in the region registering the highest annual population growth of 2.7 percent. In 2014, nine MCs recorded a population growth in excess of 3 percent -- Oman, Qatar, Niger, Uganda, Kuwait, Gambia, Jordan, Mali and Chad. Five countries had the lowest population growth of less than one percent -- Albania, Syria, Libya, Suriname and Bahrain. In terms of population density, there was an average of 52 persons per square kilometer (persons/km2) in member countries in 2014 and this varied from Suriname (3.5 persons/km2) to Bahrain (1,545 persons/km2). Three MCs have population density of more than 1,000 persons/km 2 -- Bahrain 1,545 persons/km 2, Bangladesh 1,197 persons/km 2, and Maldives 1,120 persons/km 2 while six countries have the lowest population density of less than 10 persons/km 2 -- Suriname 3.5 persons/km 2, Mauritania 3.6 persons/km 2, Libya 3.7 persons/km 2, Gabon 6.1 persons/km 2, Kazakhstan 6.4 persons/km 2 and Chad 8.7 persons/km 2. Concerning gender structure, there were slightly more males (50.7 percent) than females (49.3 percent) in member countries in 2014, a ratio of 103:100. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have more male population than female with Qatar registering the highest ratio of 326:100 (or 76.5 percent males compared to 23.5 percent females), United Arab Emirates (231:100), Oman (183:100), Bahrain (163:100), Kuwait (149:100) and Saudi Arabia (137:100). On the other hand, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mozambique, Senegal and Turkey topped the list of countries with more females than males in The ratio of youth population to working age population, a proxy for youth dependency, reached 89 percent in 2013 with old-age dependency accounting for the remaining 11 percent. SSA region had the highest youth burden in 2013 (90:100), followed by Asia (56:100), MENA (52:100), and CIT (49:100). At individual country level, youth dependency ratio ranged from Qatar (17:100) to Niger (112:100). Sub Saharan African countries have the highest youth dependency ratio -- Niger (112:100), Chad (103:100), Uganda (103:100) and Mali (101:100). Vital Statistics Crude birth rates in IDB member countries declined to an average of 27 per 1,000 persons in 2013 from 35 per 1,000 persons in Similarly, the average crude death rate dropped from 10.3 per 1,000 persons in 1990 to 7.6 per 1,000 persons in Consequently, the natural growth rate of the population declined from 24 per 1,000 persons in 1990 to 19 per 1,000 people in Total fertility rate in 2013 stood at 3.4 births per woman down from an average of 4.9 births per woman in Lebanon, Albania, U.A.E and Iran had the lowest fertility rate of less than two births per woman in 2013 while Niger, Mali, Somalia, Chad and Nigeria - all had six or more births per woman. The region with the highest fertility rate in 2013 was SSA at 5.6 births per woman, followed by MENA (2.6 births per woman), Asia (2.5 births per woman) and CIT (2.6 births per woman). About three-quarters of member countries have fertility rate above the world s average (2.5 births per woman). from an average of 116 per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 56 per 1,000 live births in 2013 but remain persistently high in Sub-Sahara African countries. 1

13 Education The adult literacy rate in member countries averaged 70.1 percent in 2013 with more male literates than females (77 percent vs. 63 percent). Countries in SSA had the lowest literacy rate at 49 percent compared to other regions CIT (99.5 percent), MENA (82.0 percent) and Asia (71.1 percent). Health Adult literacy rate in MCs averaged 70 percent in 2013 Life expectancy at birth in member countries averaged 66.3 years in 2013 compared to 59 years in People could expect to live longer in the MENA region (for 72.7 years) than in Asia (69.3 years) and CIT (68.2 years). Life expectancy remained lowest in Sub-Saharan member countries at 55 years on average. Lebanon, Brunei and Qatar had the highest life expectancy of more than 78 years while Sierra Leone had the lowest at 45.6 years. Life expectancy in MCs averaged over 66.3 years in 2013 Access to basic health facilities such as safe drinking water and improved sanitation largely increased across member countries. In 2012, the percentage of population with access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation facilities averaged 82.4 percent and 59.4 percent, respectively. At regional level, SSA had the lowest percentage of population with access to safe water and sanitation (65.5 and 26.4 percent, respectively). In 2013, there was an average of 0.8 physician, 1.7 nurses and 1.1 hospital beds per 1,000 people, compared to 1.5 physicians, 3.3 nurses and 2.9 beds per 1,000 people globally. CIT region performed better on these indicators, with an average of 2.6 physicians, 8.5 nurses and 5.1 beds per 1,000 people to some extent comparable to high-income countries. Poverty and Human Development The proportion of people living below the international poverty line (US$1.25 a day) for which data exist varied from one country to another. Seven countries had poverty rates of less than 2 percent (Kazakhstan, Turkey, Palestine, Jordan, Azerbaijan, Albania and Tunisia) while ten countries had poverty rates above 40 percent (Nigeria, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Togo, Benin, Mali, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Guinea and Niger). In terms of human development, the human development index (HDI) for member countries averaged but SSA countries lagged behind other regions with an average HDI score of in The MENA region registered an average of on HDI above the world average, followed by CIT at and ASIA at (Figure 1). Figure 1: Human Development Index by Region-2013 Health expenditure in 2012, in member countries accounted for 4.2 percent of their total GDP, slightly higher than 2000 level of 4 percent, which is well below the world average of 10.2 percent of GDP. Regionally, SSA spent more on health at 6.2 percent of GDP than CIT (4.6 percent), MENA (4.3 percent) and Asia (3.4 percent). At individual country level, health expenditure varied from Turkmenistan (2 percent of GDP) to Sierra Leone (15.1 percent of GDP) in The share of public and private expenditures on health in total health expenditure in member countries averaged 54.5 percent and 45.5 percent respectively. In 2012, the average per capita health expenditure in member countries increased from US$59 in 2000 to US$171 in 2012 with country performance ranging from US$24.8 in Chad to US$2,030 in Qatar. MENA-19 World CIT-7 ASIA-8 IDB-56 SSA HDI Value The number of IDB member countries with low human development stood at 23 (or 41.1 percent), while 13 MCs (23.2 percent) achieved medium human development with 13 MCs (23.2 percent) 6 MCs (or 10.7 percent) attained very high human development level (Table 1). Table 2 presents the Development groupings

14 Table 1: Level of Human Development Number of MCs Low Human Development Medium Human Development High Human Development Very High Human Development Missing data Total % Investment in ICT with private participation reached US$12.1 billion in 2013 for IDB-56 ICT and Science & Technology Information and communication technology (ICT) has transformed lives and development landscape. Telephone and cellular phone subscribers have the last decade from 12.3 per 100 people in 2002 to 100 per 100 people in 2013 and from 6.3 per 100 people in 2002 to 91.4 per 100 people in 2013 respectively. Households with computers in member countries averaged 21.8 percent in 2013 and ranged from 2.1 percent in Niger to more than 90 percent in U.A.E, Brunei, Qatar and Bahrain. The number of internet users also increased substantially from an average of 2.8 per 100 in 2002 to 24.3 per 100 people in The number of researchers in R&D in member countries ranged from 7.7 per one million people in Niger to 1,836.7 per one million people in Tunisia in The value of high technology exports ranged from US$0.6 million (Yemen) to US$61 billion (Malaysia) in 2013 while the number of trademark 130,432 in Turkmenistan. Employment The total labor force in member countries nearly doubled from 359 million in 1990 to 646 million in 2013, representing an annual growth rate of 2.4 percent. Between 1990 and 2013, the annual growth Low Human Development (23) Table 2: Distribution of IDB MCs under the UNDP Human Development Groupings Medium Human Development (13) High Human Development (13) Pakistan Maldives Libya Brunei Cameroon Turkmenistan Oman Qatar Nigeria Palestine Malaysia Saudi Arabia Yemen Indonesia Mauritius U.A.E. Comoros Egypt Lebanon Bahrain Mauritania Gabon Turkey Kuwait Senegal Uzbekistan Kazakhstan Uganda Syria Iran Benin Iraq Azerbaijan Sudan Kyrgyzstan Jordan Togo Morocco Tunisia Afghanistan Tajikistan Albania Djibouti Bangladesh Suriname Côte d Ivoire Gambia Mali Guinea-Bissau Mozambique Guinea Burkina Faso Sierra Leone Chad Niger Very High Human Development (6) 3

15 rate of labor force at country level ranged from -0.7 percent in Albania to 8.6 percent in Qatar. The sectoral distribution of labour force varied considerably from one country to another. In particular, the latest available data shows that the percentage of male in agriculture in total male employment ranged from 1.3 percent in Bahrain to 82.3 percent in Burkina Faso. For females, their participation in agriculture varied from zero percent in Bahrain, Qatar and Kuwait to 89.9 percent in Mozambique. The percentage of male in industry in total male employment varied from 3.9 percent in Burkina Faso to 58.6 percent in Qatar, while that of female ranged from 0.4 percent in Mozambique to 31.8 percent in Maldives. Similarly, the percentage of male in the services sector in total male employment ranged from 13.7 percent in Burkina Faso to 78.5 percent in Jordan, while that of female varied from 9.7 percent in Mozambique to 98.3 percent in Saudi Arabia. Land Use and Environment Arable lands in member countries increased from 8.3 percent of total land area in 1990 to 9.4 percent in Permanent croplands also slightly increased from 1.5 percent of total land area in 1990 to 2.0 percent in Other land area, which is mainly the non-agricultural land accounts for 89 percent of the total land area since However, carbon dioxide emissions per capita metric tons increased only slightly from 2.0 in 2000 to 2.4 in Food and Agricultural Production Agricultural and food productions have increased over the years. The aggregate agricultural production index increased from an average of 62.7 in 1990 to in 2013; while the food production index also increased from 61.4 in 1990 to in In 2013, the top rice producers were Indonesia (71.3 million metric tons) and Bangladesh (51.5 million metric tons). These two countries accounted for 75.8 percent of total member countries rice production. Four countries produced more than 60 percent of member countries wheat production--pakistan with 24.2 million metric tons, Turkey (22.1 million metric tons), Iran (14 million metric tons) and Kazakhstan (13.9 million metric tons). Indonesia and Bangladesh accounted for 75.8 percent of total MCs rice production in 2013 The share of forest area of member countries in total land area decreased from 15.1 percent in 1990 to 11.8 percent in Carbon dioxide emissions also tons in 2000 to 4,024.3 million metric tons in

16 PART II: MACROECONOMIC TRENDS Output The total output of the 56 member countries reached US$6.8 trillion in 2014 up from US$6.7 trillion in represents 8.7 percent of the total global output, 14.4 percent of the developed economies and 22.2 percent of the emerging economies. Of this total output, MENA recorded US$4.0 trillion representing 59.1 percent of member countries Gross Domestic Product (GDP), followed by ASIA region at US$1.4 trillion (or 21.1 percent), SSA and CITs at US$0.9 trillion (13.2 percent) and US$0.4 trillion (6.6 percent) respectively (Figure 2) Figure 2: Total Output by Region in 2014 (US$ trillion) 4.0 member countries. The ten smallest economies in 2014 were Comoros (US$0.7 billion), Gambia (US$0.9 billion), Guinea Bissau (US$1.0 billion), Djibouti (US$1.6 billion), Maldives (US$2.4 billion), Mauritania (US$4.3 billion), Togo (US$4.8 billion), Suriname (US$5.3 billion), Sierra Leone (US$5.4 billion) and Guinea Conakry (US$6.8 billion) (Figure 4). Comoros Gambia Guinea-Bissau Djibouti Maldives Mauritania Figure 4: Ten smallest economies in 2014 (US$ billion) Togo Suriname 5.3 Sierra Leone 5.4 Guinea The top-ten largest economies in 2014 were Indonesia (US$856.1 billion) Turkey (US$813.3 billion), Saudi Arabia (US$777.9 billion), Nigeria (US$594.3 billion), U.A.E (US$416.4 billion), Iran (US$402.7 billion), Malaysia (US$336.9 billion), Egypt (US$284.9 billion), Iraq (US$232.2 billion) and Algeria (US$227.8 billion) (Figure 3). Indonesia Turkey Saudi Arabia Nigeria U.A.E. Iran Malaysia Egypt Iraq Algeria MENA-19 ASIA-8 SSA-22 CIT-7 Figure 3: Top-10 largest economies in 2014 (US$ billion) Four of these top-10 economies (Indonesia, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Nigeria) each has a GDP that is higher than the combined output of the seven CIT member countries. The output of Indonesia or Growth Growth in member countries during the recent decade ( ) averaged 5.1 percent compared to 4.6 percent a decade earlier ( ). Eight economies had a growth average of 7 percent or more during the periods and Oil exporting economies of Qatar, Nigeria, Turkmenistan and the non-oil exporting country of Mozambique sustained this growth average in both periods (Table 3a). In 2014, only Turkmenistan registered an impressive 10 percent or more growth rate followed by Chad 9.6 percent. The number of MCs having an average growth of 5 and 7 percent increased to twelve during the period from six countries a decade earlier ( ). Out of the twelve economies that recorded growth average of between 5 and 7 percent during the period , seven are least developed member countries (Table 3b). In 2014, more than two thirds of the MCs have growth average ranging from 3 to 7 percent. Thirty-two economies in 2014 had growth rate above the IDB-56 average. The number of MCs with 5

17 Growth level 7% or more Table 3a: Distribution of Growth Performance of MCs Oil (5) Non-Oil (3) Total Oil (5) Non-Oil (3) Total Sudan Mozambique Qatar Afghanistan Qatar Maldives Azerbaijan Sierra Leone Nigeria Uganda 8 Turkmenistan Mozambique 8 Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Chad Nigeria Growth level 5% to less than 7 % Table 3b: Distribution of Growth Performance of MCs Oil (3) Non-Oil (3) Total Oil (4) Non-Oil (8) Total U.A.E. Burkina Faso Kazakhstan Tajikistan Azerbaijan Albania Saudi Arabia Uganda Malaysia Bangladesh Iraq Burkina Faso 6 Chad Bangladesh Indonesia 12 Niger Maldives Jordan negative growth reduced from four (Kuwait -0.4, Brunei -1.8, Iran -2.0 and Libya -13.6) in 2013 to 2 (Iraq -2.7 and Libya -19.8) in The reasons for this growth contraction are due to external shocks, fragile global economy, sanctions, or turbulence in the countries concerned. Similarly, the number of MCs with seven percent growth or more continued to decline from thirteen in 2012 to seven in 2013 and six in 2014 (Table 4). Per Capita Output and Income The per capita GDP at Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) of MCs increased from US$7,919 in 2009 to US$9,806 in 2014 representing a growth of 24 percent. The MENA region had the highest per capita output at US$18,941, followed by CIT at US$11,423, ASIA at US$7,326 and SSA at US$3,837 in At individual MCs level, Qatar had the largest per capita GDP PPP at US$144,427 in 2014, followed Average per capita GNI is highest in the MENA the SSA region at US$1,653 by Brunei (US$77,824), Kuwait (US$70,992), U.A.E. (US$65,037), Saudi Arabia (US$53,935), Bahrain (US$51,393) and Oman (US$44,062). Qatar had per capita GDP PPP approximately fourteen times the average for the developing economies (US$10,051) and three times that of the developed economies average (US$44,255). Three countries during the period ( ) were Azerbaijan (from US$3,695 to US$17,943), Turkmenistan (from US$2,490 to US$14,175) and Kazakhstan (from US$7,703 to US$24,144). MCs with per capita GDP PPP of less than US$1,500 were mainly Sub-Saharan Member Countries--Niger, Mozambique, Guinea, Guinea Bissau and Togo. Structure of Output and Demand In 2013, the share of agriculture sector in GDP ranged from a low of 0.1 percent in Qatar to 59.5 percent in Sierra Leone. Over the years, the average share of this sector in GDP in member countries continued to decline from 18.0 percent in 1990 to 10.7 percent in On average, industry share in GDP of member countries increased from 36.7 percent in 1990 to 41.8 percent in 2013 while services sector in GDP also increased from 45.4 percent in 1990 to 47.9 percent in At the country level, contribution of industry sector to GDP ranged from 8.0 percent in Sierra Leone to 73.3 percent in Kuwait while services sector as percent of GDP ranged from 26.3 percent in Kuwait to 100 percent in Yemen. In 2013, Industry accounted for more than 50 percent of GDP in Kuwait, Qatar, Brunei, Oman, Azerbaijan, 6

18 Table 4: Distribution of Growth Performance during the Past Three Years ( ) Growth level Oil Non-Oil Total Oil Non-Oil Total Oil Non-Oil Total 7% or more % to less than 7% % to less than 5% % to less than 3% Negative Missing data Total Average growth rate (%) Saudi Arabia and U.A.E. Twenty-one economies saw this sector contributing to more than 50 percent of their GDP--Yemen, Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey, Albania, Tunisia, Senegal, Kazakhstan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Kyrgyz Republic, Cote D Ivoire, Morocco, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Comoros, Mozambique, Malaysia and Sudan. On the other hand, manufacturing sector in member countries accounted for 15.3 percent of GDP in 1990 and declined to 14.5 percent of GDP in This shows that most MCs economies are active in agriculture and services sectors. At country level, the manufacturing sector s contribution ranged from 2.0 percent in Sierra Leone to 23.9 percent in Malaysia. private consumption) and general government consumption in member countries GDP declined from 61.9 percent in 1990 to 56.0 percent in 2013 and from 15.3 percent to 13.5 percent, respectively. Gross domestic savings of member countries increased to an average of 30.7 percent of GDP in 2013 from 22.8 remained stable at about 23 percent of GDP. Exports of goods and services of member countries increased from 27 percent of GDP in 1990 to 40.7 percent in Similarly, imports of goods and services increased from 28.8 percent of GDP in 1990 to 34.3 percent of GDP in Sudan Figure 5: MCs with inflation above 10% and less than 2 % 19.8 Iran Egypt Guinea Uzbekistan Albania Benin Changes in broad money supply (M2) in member 2013, most member countries recorded expansion in M2, which ranged from 1.5 percent in Brunei to 22.5 percent in United Arab Emirates. During the period , the average annual growth in broad money supply varied from 5.5 percent in Brunei to 34.2 percent in Azerbaijan. Burkina Faso Togo Mali Morocco Côte d'ivoire Brunei Exchange Rate declined to an average of 7.2 percent in 2014 from 8.0 percent in 2013, and is well above the World average countries varied from 0.4 percent in Brunei to 38.0 rate of more than 10 percent while 11 countries 5). Guinea Bissau, Niger and Senegal registered a -0.5 percent) respectively. 7

19 PART III: EXTERNAL SECTOR External Trade Total trade (Exports + Imports) increased from US$4.9 trillion in 2012 to US$5.0 trillion in 2013 representing a growth of 2.3 percent. The total exports of goods and services increased slightly from US$2.71 trillion in 2012 to 2.73 trillion in 2013 representing a growth of 0.9 percent. During the period ( ), the share of member countries exports of goods and services in the World and developing economies averaged 11.7 percent and 27.6 percent respectively. The topexporters of goods and services in excess of US$100 billion in 2013 were U.A.E (US$396 billion), Saudi Arabia (US$389 billion), Malaysia (US$256 billion), Turkey (US$211 billion), Indonesia (US$205 billion), Qatar (US$148 billion) and Kuwait (US$122 billion). The total imports of goods and services of MCs Total Intra-MCs Trade as percentage of total trade reached 17.7% in 2013 still below the OIC 20 % target. totalled US$2.3 trillion in 2013 up from US$2.2 trillion in Of this total, MENA region accounted for 63.9 percent followed by the Asia region (23.6 percent), SSA (7.5 percent) and CIT (5 percent). Similarly, the largest importers of goods and services in excess of US$200 billion in 2013 were U.A.E (US$312 billion), Turkey (US$267 billion), Saudi Arabia (US$229 billion), Malaysia (US$227 billion), and Indonesia (US$212 billion) (Figure 6). Intra-IDB MCs trade continued its upward trend during Intra-merchandise trade among member countries increased steadily from 12.3 percent of total merchandise trade in 2000 to 17.7 percent in 2013, still below the intra-oic trade target of 20 percent by The share of intra Figure 6: Exports and Imports of goods and services (US$ trillion) IDB member countries merchandise exports in total exports reached 16.6 percent in 2013 up from 10.6 percent in Similarly, the share of intra-idb member countries merchandise imports in total imports reached 16.6 percent in 2013 which is a 6.0 percentage point increase over 2000 level. Balance of Payments and International Reserves 1.5 In 2014, IDB member countries as a whole recorded a current account surplus of US$234.5 billion (or 3.5 percent of the GDP). The GCC countries topped the list with Saudi Arabia recording a current account surplus of US$117.3 billion (or 15.1 percent of GDP), Kuwait US$73.2 billion (or 40.8 percent of GDP), Qatar US$57.4 billion (or 27.1 percent of GDP) and U.A.E US$46.3 billion (or 11.1 percent of GDP). (or -5.8 percent of GDP) in Turkey to US$0.09 billion (or percent of GDP) in Comoros. Total gross international reserves (including gold held by central banks) increased substantially from US$223 billion in 2000 to US$1.96 trillion in Eighty percent of these reserves were held by countries in the MENA region. Thirty-one countries had more than US$1 billion each in reserves in 2013, billion reserves namely Saudi Arabia (US$738 billion), Algeria (US$201 billion), Malaysia (US$135 billion), Turkey (US$131 billion) and Libya (US$120 billion). The reserves coverage, in number of months of imports, for individual countries ranged from 0.2 month in Sudan to 36.8 months in Saudi Arabia. External Debt The total external debt of IDB member countries is steadily increasing over the years reaching US$1.4 trillion in 2013 up from US$629 billion in Imports Exports 2.3 8

20 2000. The external debt for countries ranged from US$0.15 billion in Comoros to US$388 billion in Turkey. Member countries with more than US$100 billion external debts were Turkey (US$388 billion), Indonesia (US$259 billion), Malaysia (US$213 billion) and Kazakhstan (US$149 billion). The average external Debt-to-GNI ratio fell from an average of 55.2 percent in 2000 to 30.8 percent in 2013, with the average Debt Service-to-GNI ratio falling from 6.6 percent in 2000 to 3.8 percent over the same period (Figure 7). 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, Figure 7: Trends in External Debts (US$ billion) ,034 1,119 1,170 1,296 1,423 The total net approvals of IDB Group, up to the end of 1435H, totaled US$101.7 billion. Of this percent (US$53.9 billion) of the total IDB Group approvals, followed by project and operations assistance operations 0.7 percent (US$738 million, of which US$291 million was approved for Muslim communities in non-member countries) and technical assistance operations 0.4 percent (US$408.5 million). Eleven member countries received IDB Group 1435H. These countries were Bangladesh (US$16.9 billion), Pakistan (US$8.8 billion), Egypt (US$7.9 billion), Turkey (US$6.8 billion), Morocco (US$6.5 billion), Iran (US$5.9 billion), Saudi Arabia (US$4.5 billion), Indonesia (US$3.7 billion), Tunisia (US$2.8 billion), Algeria (US$2.5 billion) and Jordan (US$2.3 billion). These 11 countries also accounted for 67.3 percent received by Bangladesh (Figure 8) countries increased steadily from US$25.4 billion in 2000 to US$98 billion in Six countries recorded (US$16.8 billion), Malaysia (US$8.7 billion), Egypt (US$8.3 billion), Morocco (US$8.0 billion) and Indonesia (US$7.2 billion). $16.9 Bangladesh Figure 8: Top beneficiaries of IDB Group Approvals in Execss of US$ 2 billion $8.8 Pakistan $7.9 Egypt $6.8 $6.5 Turkey Morocco $5.9 Iran $4.5 Saudi Arabia $3.7 Indonesia $2.8 $2.5 $2.3 Tunisia Algeria Jordan 9

21

22 PART I DEMOGRAPHIC AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS

23 Figure 1.1: Population Indonesia Pakistan Nigeria Bangladesh Egypt Iran Turkey Algeria Uganda Sudan Iraq Morocco Afghanistan Malaysia Saudi Arabia Uzbekistan Mozambique Yemen Cameroon Syria Côte d'ivoire Niger Burkina Faso Kazakhstan Mali Senegal Chad Guinea Tunisia Somalia Benin Azerbaijan U.A.E. Tajikistan Jordan Togo Libya Sierra Leone Kyrgyz Turkmenistan Lebanon Palestine Mauritania Oman Kuwait Albania Qatar Gambia Guinea-Bissau Gabon Bahrain Djibouti Comoros Suriname Brunei Maldives a. Ranking by Population (million), b. Ranking by Population Average Growth Rate (%), 2014 Oman Qatar Niger Uganda Kuwait Gambia Jordan Mali Chad Lebanon Iraq Somalia Senegal Burkina Faso Nigeria Benin Togo Palestine Guinea Cameroon Mozambique Tajikistan Guinea-Bissau Mauritania Côte d'ivoire Afghanistan Comoros Gabon Yemen Sudan Maldives Saudi Arabia Sierra Leone IDB-56 Algeria Pakistan Egypt Malaysia Djibouti Morocco Kyrgyz Uzbekistan Iran Brunei Turkmenistan Bangladesh Turkey Indonesia Tunisia Azerbaijan U.A.E. Kazakhstan Bahrain Suriname Libya Syria Albania

24 Table 1.1: Population Mid Year Population in Millions Afghanistan Albania Algeria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Benin Brunei Burkina Faso Cameroon Chad Comoros Côte d Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Gabon Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Indonesia Iran Iraq Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Lebanon Libya Malaysia Maldives Mali Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Niger Nigeria Oman Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia Sudan Suriname Syria Tajikistan Togo Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan U.A.E Uganda Uzbekistan Yemen IDB-56 1, , , , , , , , ,863.4 Of which: SSA-22* MENA-19* ASIA-8* CIT-7* LDMC-25* Non-LDMC-31* , , , , , , ,362.1 Oil Exporters-22* Non-Oil Exporters-34* ,036.6 OIC-57 1, , , , , , , , ,864.2 Memo: World 5, , , , , , , , ,716.7 Developed Countries 1, , , , , , , , ,274.9 Developing Countries 4, , , , , , , , ,441.8 LDCs ,049.4 * See technical notes for country composition of the groupings. 13

25 Table 1.2: Annual Population Growth Rate (%) Afghanistan Albania Algeria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Benin Brunei Burkina Faso Cameroon Chad Comoros Côte d Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Gabon Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Indonesia Iran Iraq Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Lebanon Libya Malaysia Maldives Mali Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Niger Nigeria Oman Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia Sudan Suriname Syria Tajikistan Togo Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan U.A.E Uganda Uzbekistan Yemen IDB Of which: SSA-22* MENA-19* ASIA-8* CIT-7* LDMC-25* Non-LDMC-31* Oil Exporters-22* Non-Oil Exporters-34* OIC Memo: World Developed Countries Developing Countries LDCs * See technical notes for country composition of the groupings. 14

26 Table 1.3: Population Structure Gender structure Population age composition Dependency ratio** Male % Female % 0-14 yrs (%) yrs (%) 65+ yrs (%) Young Old Total Afghanistan Albania Algeria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Benin Brunei Burkina Faso Cameroon Chad Comoros Côte d Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Gabon Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Indonesia Iran Iraq Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Lebanon Libya Malaysia Maldives Mali Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Niger Nigeria Oman Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia Sudan Suriname Syria Tajikistan Togo Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan U.A.E Uganda Uzbekistan Yemen IDB Of which: SSA-22* MENA-19* ASIA-8* CIT-7* LDMC-25* Non-LDMC-31* Oil Exporters-22* Non-Oil Exporters-34* OIC Memo: World Developed Countries Developing Countries LDCs * See technical notes for country composition of the groupings. ** Dependents as proportion of working age population (15-65 years). 15

27 Table 1.4: Under-Five Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births) Afghanistan Albania Algeria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Benin Brunei Burkina Faso Cameroon Chad Comoros Côte d Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Gabon Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Indonesia Iran Iraq Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Lebanon Libya Malaysia Maldives Mali Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Niger Nigeria Oman Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia Sudan Suriname Syria Tajikistan Togo Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan U.A.E Uganda Uzbekistan Yemen IDB Of which: SSA-22* MENA-19* ASIA-8* CIT-7* LDMC-25* Non-LDMC-31* Oil Exporters-22* Non-Oil Exporters-34* OIC Memo: World Developed Countries Developing Countries LDCs * See technical notes for country composition of the groupings. 16

28 Table 1.5: Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births) Afghanistan Albania Algeria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Benin Brunei Burkina Faso Cameroon Chad Comoros Côte d Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Gabon Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Indonesia Iran Iraq Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Lebanon Libya Malaysia Maldives Mali Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Niger Nigeria Oman Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia Sudan Suriname Syria Tajikistan Togo Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan U.A.E Uganda Uzbekistan Yemen IDB Of which: SSA-22* MENA-19* ASIA-8* CIT-7* LDMC-25* Non-LDMC-31* Oil Exporters-22* Non-Oil Exporters-34* OIC Memo: World Developed Countries Developing Countries LDCs * See technical notes for country composition of the groupings. 17