Standardised SLAs: how far can we go? DIHC, Euro-Par 2013, Aachan John Kennedy Intel Labs Europe
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1 Standardised SLAs: how far can we go? DIHC, Euro-Par 2013, Aachan John Kennedy Intel Labs Europe
2 Before we begin AMD AT&T Microelectronics Digital Equipment Harris Semiconductor Hewlett-Packard IBM Intel LSI Logic + US Government = Micron Technology Motorola National Semiconductor NCR Rockwell International Texas Instruments Now nearly 30 years later: a fully international, non-profit, non-governmental consortium of nearly 70 members
3 What is a Service Level Agreement? A Cloud Model Cloud Service Provider Cloud Service Customer Browser Application Person Advertise Discover Negotiate Consume Manage Monitor Service, SLA, Resource Management Cloud Services Cloud Resources Compute Storage Network
4 What is a Service Level Agreement? Cloud Interfaces Cloud Service Provider Cloud Service Customer Browser Application Person Advertise Discover Negotiate Consume Manage Monitor Service, SLA, Resource Management Cloud Services Cloud Resources Compute Storage Network
5 What is a Service Level Agreement? Cloud Data Models Cloud Service Provider Cloud Service Customer Browser Application Person Advertise Discover Negotiate Consume Manage Monitor Service, SLA, Resource Management Cloud Services Cloud Resources Compute Storage and Legal Framework Network
6 What is a Service Level Agreement? ISO/IEC :2011: a documented agreement between the service provider and customer that identifies services and service targets [can also be established between providers and suppliers etc., can be included in a contract or other form of documented agreement] SLAware, informal definition: SLAs are negotiated agreements between service providers and customers specifying their respective responsibilities and obligations in respect of service delivery and service usage. In addition to providing details of agreement parties, services and SLA duration, SLAs may, among other things, specify prices & costs, quality of service & other performance objectives, help-desk details, schedules for regular maintenance, penalties for SLA violations, exclusion clauses and termination conditions.
7 SLAs Today Arbitrary in detail and content Verbose Complex, possibly nested Static Provider centric Require careful, manual scrutiny and comprehension by the customer Potentially complex, bespoke software (re)architecture and engineering required by customer to maximise efficiency SLAs are tedious, arbitrary and complex but of fundamental business importance to both parties
8 SLAs of the Future: Standardisation? Machine Readability and Comprehension: key enabler for automation of Discovery Negotiation Composition Monitoring Disposition of Violations Benefits: Personalised SLAs, Ability to Compare Flexible Offerings, Maximised Efficiencies Requires agreed Cloud Interfaces, SLA Data Models, SLA Vocabularies and Legal Framework
9 Researching Standardised SLA-Aware Interfaces CIMI: Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface Interface for IaaS Resource Management IaaS specific semantics Industry driven OCCI: Open Cloud Computing Interface Extendable Interface for Cloud Resource Management Core model, infrastructure extension, HTTP rendering separately defined Open community Multiple reference implementations Monitoring extensions, JSON rendering being progressed
10 Researching Standardised SLA Data Models Many projects have investigated and progressed various aspects of SLA Models EC s Cloud Computing SLAs Exploitation of Research Results report highlights: 4CaaSt: Blueprint Concept BREIN: Semantic Annotation in SLA templates CloudScale: Scalability Specification Cloud-TM: SLA Definition and Enforcement in Transactional Data Stores CONTRAIL: SLA Specification and Quality Model EGI: Service Catalogue in a Federated Environment IRMOS: SLAs at Different Levels OPTIMIS: Service Manifest Q-ImPrESS: QoS-oriented SLA Specification PrestoPRIM : SLA Specification for Preservation Services (risk of data loss) SLA@SOI: Service Description VISION Cloud: Content-related Terms in SLAs
11 Data Model: SLA * A Generic SLA Model Rich Comprehensive Extendable Format independent Scope Includes Technical Provision Request details Monitoring requirements Functional and non-functional parameters
12 Commercial State of the art Consuming the Cloud - Amazon EC2: Coarse-grained, non-scaling, not SLA aware.
13 SLA * POC Customer: Requests a Service with specific capabilities Personalises their SLA Provider automatically Provisions the Service Configures monitoring Detects potential violations Makes adjustment, or generates alert Optimises based on internal policies, maintaining SLAs On-Demand Provisioning of Business-aware SLA guaranteed PaaS Services
14 An evolution of SLA *: SLAware
15 SLAware Analysis of Amazon EC2 SLA
16 Researching Standardised SLA Vocabularies Arguably detailed vocabularies need to be domain and application specific. Some related work includes: ODCA Usage Models NIST Cloud Computing Technology Roadmap Intel Cloud Finder
17 NIST Cloud Computing Technology Roadmap
18 Intel Cloud Finder
19 Researching Legal Framework walls and limits in the cloud will make your life harder Neelie Kroes, Commissioner for Digital Agenda Standards, certification, data protection, interoperability, lock-in, legal certainty and others [ ] where these barriers exist, I am determined to overcome them How do I know what service I am buying? Will my data be protected? Which providers can I trust? Can I switch providers easily? Can I easily enforce the contract through legal action? Davos Keynote Jan
20 European Cloud Computing Strategy Report on Exploitation of SLA Research Results European Cloud Partnership
21 SLA Standardisation Initiatives ATIS CSF CSA IEEE-SA NIST CCP OSCA CCF CSCC IETF OAGi OSGi CCIF DMTF CMWG ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 OASIS SNIA CCPPF ENISA ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 OCC TIA CCSWG ETSI CSC ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 38 ODCA TM Forum CCUCDG ETSI TC CLOUD ITU-T FG Cloud ODL TOG CENELEC EuroCloud ITU-T JCA Cloud OGF W3C CESI FIRST CVSS SIG JCC OMG W3C HTML WG CIF GICTF KCSA OpenStack etc. 45+ SIGs progressing Cloud Standards
22 SLA Standardisation Initiatives ATIS CSF CSA IEEE-SA NIST CCP OSCA CCF CSCC IETF OAGi OSGi CCIF DMTF CMWG ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 OASIS SNIA CCPPF ENISA ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 OCC TIA CCSWG ETSI CSC ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 38 ODCA TM Forum CCUCDGTM Forum ETSI have TC CLOUD published numerous ITU-T FG SLA Cloud documents ODL TOG including GB917 SLA Management Handbook, TR178 CENELEC Enabling End EuroCloud to End Cloud SLA ITU-T Management JCA Cloud and TR197 OGF W3C CESI Multi-Cloud FIRST CVSS Service SIG Management JCC Pack SLA Business Blueprint, all specifically addressing needs of OMG W3C HTML WG CIF GICTF Telcos. KCSA OpenStack etc.
23 SLA Standardisation Initiatives ATIS CSF CSA IEEE-SA NIST CCP OSCA CCF CSCC IETF OAGi OSGi CCIF DMTF CMWG ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 OASIS SNIA CCPPF ENISA ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 OCC TIA CCSWG ETSI CSC ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 38 ODCA TM Forum Recent NIST Cloud Computing Standards Roadmap CCUCDG ETSI TC CLOUD ITU-T FG Cloud discusses potential for standardised SLAs. ODL TOG CENELEC Version 2.0 EuroCloud of NIST Cloud Computing ITU-T JCA Taxonomy Cloud to include newly identified SLA taxonomy to OGF W3C CESI FIRST support CVSS SIG US Government. JCC OMG W3C HTML WG CIF Version 1.0 of NIST Cloud Computing Technology Roadmap GICTF (draft) includes SLA concept KCSA maps. OpenStack etc.
24 SLA Standardisation Initiatives ATIS CSF CSA IEEE-SA NIST CCP OSCA CCF CSCC IETF OAGi OSGi CCIF DMTF CMWG ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 OASIS SNIA CCPPF ENISA Detailed report has been compiled by stakeholders re ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 OCC TIA Cloud Computing Service Level Agreements CCSWG ETSI CSC ISO/IEC -JTC Exploitation 1/SC 38 of Research ODCA Results. TM Forum Includes recommendations for Cloud Select Industry Group on SLAs CCUCDG ETSI TC CLOUD to ITU-T consider, FG Cloud for potential rollup ODL to ETSI CSC. TOG Details outputs CENELEC EuroCloud from more than 21 projects. Provides 11 specific ITU-T JCA recommendations Cloud OGF for progressing W3C SLAs. CESI FIRST CVSS SIG JCC OMG W3C HTML WG ETSI CSC coordinating European strategy to address CIF GICTF KCSA cloud OpenStack standards. etc.
25 SLA Standardisation Initiatives ATIS CSF CSA IEEE-SA NIST CCP OSCA CCF CSCC IETF WS OAGi Agreement and OSGi WS CCIF DMTF CMWG -AgreementNegotiation can provide ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 OASIS SNIA basis for SLA negotiation protocol. CCPPF ENISA ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 OCC TIA Project to develop SLA CCSWG ETSI CSC ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 38 extensions ODCA to OCCI TM proposed. Forum CCUCDG ETSI TC CLOUD ITU-T FG Cloud ODL TOG CENELEC EuroCloud ITU-T JCA Cloud OGF W3C CESI FIRST CVSS SIG JCC OMG W3C HTML WG CIF GICTF KCSA OpenStack etc.
26 SLA Standardisation Initiatives ATIS CSF New CSA Work Item on SLA IEEE-SA Framework and Terminology NIST CCP Proposed. OSCA CCF CSCC Scope: Overview of IETF SLAs for Cloud Services, OAGi Relationship OSGi between master agreement and SLAs, SLA Components, CCIF DMTF CMWGCommonly ISO/IEC used JTC terms, 1/SC definitions, 7 OASIS contexts etc. SNIA Not in Scope: Standard structure for SLAs CCPPF ENISA ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 OCC TIA CCSWG ETSI CSC ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 38 ODCA TM Forum CCUCDG ETSI TC CLOUD ITU-T FG Cloud ODL TOG CENELEC EuroCloud ITU-T JCA Cloud OGF W3C CESI FIRST CVSS SIG JCC OMG W3C HTML WG CIF GICTF KCSA OpenStack etc.
27 Conclusions SLA standards required to maximise efficiencies for both Cloud Customers and Providers Ultimate solution requires standardisation or at least mutual agreement of SLA-Aware Interfaces standards are being extended SLA Data models models are evolving SLA Vocabularies significant domain dependencies Legal Framework some progress made, policy makers starting to engage
28 Standardised SLAs how far can we go? arguably as far as we* want * where we is a complete Cloud community, an ecosystem of Customers, Providers and Policy makers
29 Sematech demonstrates one model by which such a community might succeed
30 Standardised SLAs how far can we go? what do you think?
31
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