Contents. Preface. 1.1 Computing Is a Natural Science Computer Science Software Engineering Computer Engineering 5

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1 PROGRAMMING WITH

2 Contents Preface xv 1 The Field of Computing Computing Is a Natural Science The Five Disciplines of Computing Computer Science Software Engineering Computer Engineering Information Technology Information Systems Careers in Computing Myths about Computing 9 Exercises 11 2 Programming Learning to Program Getting Started The Browser Address Box Runner Pages Interactive Shells Files Elements of Programs Expressions Variables 35 v

3 1 vi Contents Statements The Practice of Programming Comments Coding Conventions Code Quality Tools The JavaScript Programming Language 46 Exercises 48 3 Data Data Types Truth Values Numbers Numeric Operations Size and Precision Limits NaM Hexadecimal Numerals Text Characters, Glyphs, and Character Sets String Operations Undefined and Null Objects Object Basics Understanding Object References Object Prototypes Self-Referential Objects Arrays Type Conversion Weak Typing Explicit Conversion Loose Equality Operators The typeof Operator* 90 Exercises 92

4 Contents vii 4 Statements The Declaration Statement The Expression Statement Conditional Execution The if Statement The Conditional Expression The switch Statement Avoiding Conditional Code with Lookups Short-Circuit Execution Iteration The while and do-while Statements The for Statement The f or-in Statement Disruption break and continue Exceptions Coding Forms to Avoid Blockless Compound Statements Implicit Semicolon Implicit Declarations Increment and Decrement Operators The with Statement 139 Exercises Functions Black Poxes Defining and Calling Functions Examples and More Examples Simple One-Line Functions Validating Arguments Passing Object References as Arguments Preconditions Separation of Concerns The Fibonacci Sequence. 163

5 I viii Contents 5.4 Scope Functions as Objects Properties of Functions Functions as Properties Constructors Context Higher-Order Functions Function Declarations Versus Function Expressions* 184 Exercises Events User Interaction A Programming Paradigm Shift Events by Example: The Temperature Converter Web Page Defining User Interface Elements Web Pages Are Structured Documents Elements That Produce User Interface Controls Programmatically Accessing User Interface Elements The document Object Fun with DOM Properties A Place to "Play" Manipulating User Interface Controls Walking the DOM* Event Handlers Anatomy of an Event Handler Event Handlers Are Functions Are Objects Event Objects Event Implementation Details Event Capturing and Bubbling Default Actions Assigning Event Handlers Events Based on the Passage of Time Multitouch, Gesture, and Physical Events 244

6 Contents ix G.7 Case Study: Tic-Tac-Toe Files and Connections Initialization Event Handling The Business Logic 258 Exercises Software Construction Software Engineering Activities Object-Oriented Design and Programming Families of Objects Inheritance Information Hiding Property Descriptors* JavaScript Standard Objects Built-in Objects Web Browser Host Objects Modules Simple Modules The Tic-Tac-Toe Game as a Module The jquery JavaScript Library Performance Run-Time Efficiency Space Efficiency Load-Time Efficiency User Interface Efficiency Unit Testing An Introductory Example The QUnit Testing Framework Testing in the Software Development Process 346 Exercises Distributed Computing Distributed Computing Models 360

7 x Contents 8.2 Data Interchange Formats Plain Text XML JSON YAML Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Communication Ajax Ajax in jquery Ajax Without a Library Designing Distributed Applications Uniform Resource Identifiers REST Separation of Distributed Application Concerns Server-Side Technologies* Security The Web, the Bad, and the Sandbox The Same Origin Policy Cross-Site Scripting Mashups Case Study: Events and Trending Topics Date Selection User Interface Ajax Connection Result Processing Data (Mashup) Display 439 Exercises Graphics and Animation Fundamentals Coordinate Spaces Colors Pixels vs. Objects/Vectors Animation HTML and CSS HTML Elements for Graphics 471

8 Contents xi CSS Visual Properties Absolute Position Case Study: Bar Chart Case Study: Towers of Hanoi Display Animation in HTML and CSS Constant Velocity Fading In and Out Animating Other Properties Ramped (or Eased) Animation Declarative CSS Animation The canvas Element Instantiating a canvas The Rendering Context Drawing Rectangles Drawing Lines and Polygons Drawing Arcs and Circles Drawing Bezier and Quadratic Curves Working with Images Transformations Animation canvas by Example SVG Seeing SVG in a Web Browser SVG Case Study: A Bezier Curve Editor Objects in the Drawing Reading and Writing Attributes Interactivity (aka Event Handling Redux) Other SVG Features D Graphics with WebGL WebGL Is the 3D canvas Case Study: The Sierpinski Gasket Defining the 3D Data Shader Code 551

9 xii Contents Drawing the Scene Interactivity and Events 9.7 Other Client-Side Graphics Technologies Flash Java VML Exercises <^ Advanced Topics Regular Expressions Introducing Regular Expressions Capture Quantifiers Backreferences Regex Modifiers The RegExp Constructor More on Regular Expressions Recursion What Is Recursion? Classic Examples of Recursion Recursion and Family Trees When Not to Use Recursion Caching MapReduce Using map, filter, and reduce Implementation MapReduce in Large-Scale Data Processing Dynamically Creating Event Handlers 614 Exercises 619 A JavaScript Language Reference 627 B Numeric Encoding 655 C Unicode 661

10 Contents xiii Glossary 675 Bibliography 681 Index 687 Credits 693