Renewable Energy. 1. restriction of demand (energy savings) De mand for energy. 2. renewable energy as much as possible
|
|
- Rosalyn Armstrong
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Renewable Energy General information From harmful and scarce to renewable Our Irish energy supply is reliable. Reliable to such an extent that we take it for granted. Not until we have major failures does it become apparent how dependent we have become on energy: nothing works anymore and everything goes awry. If we want to maintain the quality of our present energy supply, much will have to change in the years ahead. Generating electrical power and heat has harmful effects on the environment. Due to the long-term environmental damage caused by our use of fossil fuels (such as natural gas, peat, coal and oil), a major reduction in their use is required in the future. Furthermore supplies of fossil fuels will become scarce in the long run and they will become more & more expensive. The application of renewable sources such as wind and wood energy will remove these drawbacks. Although many successful renewable energy projects have been realised here in Ireland, their contribution to total Irish energy consumption is still limited. In the decades to come that contribution will have to grow from marginally renewable to predominantly renewable. Not only for ourselves, but much more for a secure supply of clean energy for our children. The Energy Triangle To achieve an energy supply as renewable as possible, a certain sequence is used. Firstly the demand for energy (electricity and heat) should be restricted, this can happen through Renewable energy Renewable energy is energy gained from sources in the process of which few or hardly any harmful effects on the environment occur. Renewable energy is available in inexhaustible sources such as the sun, wind, water, biomass, geo-thermal and environmental heat. 2. renewable energy as much as possible 1. restriction of demand (energy savings) energy saving. Next, make use of renewable sources of energy to best generate the energy required. Our remaining energy consumption needs should be generated as efficiently as possible from fossil fuels. At the same time we need to take account of the fact that the largest part of our total demand for energy consists of heat. Hotline: Web: 1 De mand for energy 3. use fossil fuels as efficiently as possible
2 What is renewable energy? Gravity (e.g. for tidal energy), nuclear fusion in the sun (e.g. for solar energy) and radioactive decay in the earth s crust (lithosphere) (e.g. for global heat) are the three main processes which provide all sorts of renewable sources on earth. The period of time in which these processes take place is infinitely long to human comprehension; supplies of these renewable sources are inexhaustible or perpetual as far as human actions are concerned. Solar energy is the largest source of renewable energy on earth, providing us with more energy every year than all the reserves of fossil fuels combined. There are different types of renewable processes such as: * Wind; * Biomass production (cultivation of trees and plants); * Evaporation / rain; * Geothermal energy (global heat). * Tidal effects & waves; * Ocean currents; * Heating of oceans; Renewable energy is generated from these sources, for example: Flow sources: * Wind energy; * Hydro power; * Solar PV (electricity from sunlight); * Solar Thermal energy (heat from sunlight, such as solar water heaters for instance); * Tidal & wave energy; * Ocean flow energy; Hotline: Web: 2
3 Using environmental and geothermal heat * Heat pumps ( pumping up the temperature from environmental heat sources such as the ground or water); * Energy storage (seasonal storage of hot and cold water in the earth); * Geothermal heat; Energy from waste and biomass (bioenergy) * Energy from waste (the organic biomass fraction e.g. wood wastes, paper, cardboard, fruit & vegetable wastes); * Energy from biomass cultivation (wood fuel from conventional forestry and the cultivation of crops for energy production); * Landfill gas & Biogas (production of gases by rotting processes on dumping grounds or in controlled, purpose built conversion tanks using bacteria); Why renewable energy? Generating electrical power and heat from fossil fuels (coal, peat, natural gas and oil) permanently damages our environment. During the combustion of these fuels harmful gases are produced. One of them is the main greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO2), which is causing major changes in our climate. Emitted nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides cause acid rain. Furthermore supplies of fossil fuels will run out in the long run. In contrast, the The burning of fossil fuels is causing permanent damage to the environment. Changing to Renewable Energy can help lessen this damage. application of renewable sources of energy does not produce harmful emissions and will always be at our disposal. An exception to this is energy from waste and biomass. When processed thermally (e.g. during combustion) some harmful gases are produced, however just to the same extent as in other life cycle processes. Ireland is blessed with some of the best renewable energy resources in Europe we have the best wind speeds, the best growing climate for biomass and an excellent climate for heat pumps. However, we need to learn to harness our own vast renewable energy resources to maximise this enormous opportunity. Some of the many benefits of renewable energy include: 1. Major Environmental Benefits no harmful greenhouse gas emissions 2. Energy Price Stability affordable energy at long-term competitive prices 3. A Stronger Irish Economy local investment in long-term jobs rather than costly energy imports provides for stable economic growth & employment 4. Better Energy Security & Fuel Diversity Ireland is now the most import dependent economy in Europe, importing 86% of all our fuels in 2000, this impacts on our entire economy 5. Energy for Our Children renewable energy will never run out Hotline: Web: 3
4 The sooner the better There is a double, win-win, benefit in starting to develop and apply renewable energy quickly. The consumption of fossil fuels and the emission of harmful material and greenhouse gases is restricted, while at the same time essential, valuable, experience is gained in developing and making available sources of renewable energy. These development opportunities can significantly benefit Irish industry and employment. Not only are there opportunities for supplying the domestic Irish market, but also in supplying a very substantial export market for renewable energy applications. Indeed, the renewable energy business is now the fastest growing energy market in the world. Progress Not until recently have the Irish Government and the Irish energy sector taken up renewable energy as an integral theme and challenge. Because of the ample availability of cheap natural gas and the relatively clean character of this fuel, developing renewable energy in Ireland has been characterised by a very slow start. Peat 10% Renewables 2% Natural Gas 20% Oil 52% Coal 16% At the beginning of 2000 only 2% of Irish energy consumption was covered by renewable sources. However interest in renewable energy is growing rapidly; there are a growing number of initiatives for renewable energy projects. The Government intends to double this 2% contribution to 4% over the next 5 years and to move Ireland into a leading position in Europe in the longer term. Ireland s lagging position in Europe as regards renewable energy is shown in the table opposite Sweden Austria Finland Portugal Greece Denmark France Spain Italy European Union Ireland Germany Luxembourg Netherlands Belgium United Kingdom Hotline: Web: 4
5 Policy Energy policy (renewable energy included) became part of Irish energy policy in , when the world was confronted with the first oil crisis. Energy saving was one of the main themes in 1974, in which the finiteness of sources of fossil fuel played an important role. After the second oil crisis in energy saving and diversification of energy sources for electricity production were the leading themes. In the period of Irish Government support for energy saving and renewable energy decreased, particularly because of low energy prices and the discontinuation of subsidies. After this period new policy publications were issued, such as Renewable Energy A Strategy for the Future in Following publication of the EU White Paper & Action Plan for Renewable Energy Energy for the Future: Renewable Sources of Energy in 1997, the Irish Government published it s Green Paper on Sustainable Energy in This Green Paper called for a significant increase in the contribution of renewable energy to meeting Ireland s energy needs and set targets for new renewable electricity generating capacity, which would see a doubling of the contribution from renewable energy from 2% in 2000 to 4% by This 1999 Green Paper also reflected the Government s concerns about the need for the balanced development of Ireland s large renewable resources as well as the need to reduce delays in their deployment. Further Government recommendations followed in 2000, setting out an integrated approach to wind energy deployment in A Strategy for Intensifying Wind Energy Deployment. Also in 2000, the Department of Environment issued the National Climate Change Strategy which called for the significant further expansion of renewable energy to make a meaningful Irish contribution to overall EU targets. The climate change strategy also indicated that a carbon/energy tax would be introduced to improve the competitiveness of renewable energy technologies. Targets The Irish Government aims at a 4% share for renewable energy in Ireland by the year 2005 (as a percentage of total energy consumption). Bioenergy(54%),wind energy(28%), hydro (12%) and heat pumps (6%) will contribute the most to this, see the pie chart below. Hydropower 12% Bioenergy 54% Wind energy 28% Heat Pumps 6% Hotline: Web: 5
6 Also as a consequence of the greenhouse effect the European Community has been sharpening its policy in the field of renewable energy. The EU wants to double the contribution of renewable energy as a percentage of total energy consumption to 12% (currently approx. 6%) in As part of this ambitious target the EU has also passed a renewable electricity directive which will increase the minimum share for renewable electricity in Europe from 14% to 22% by Ireland is expected to increase the share of renewables in electricity consumption from 4% in 1997 to 13% by 2010 more than a 3 fold increase. Furthermore, international agreements have been laid down in the Kyoto Protocol about reducing greenhouse gases. The industrialised countries have committed themselves to reducing emissions of greenhouse gases in the period 2008 to 2012, to such a degree that within this timeframe joint emissions will on average be at least 5% below the 1990 level. These reduction commitments vary from country to country, for the EU a reduction of 8% is the agreed target. Ireland is one of the few countries that were allowed an increase in emission levels, but emissions should not to exceed 13% above our 1990 levels. However, we surpassed this limit in 1998 and will exceed our 1990 emissions by some 40% unless we change to renewables in a fundamental way. These excess emissions represent over 12 million tonnes of CO2, with energy production from fossil fuels being responsible for almost all of this increase. Costs The principal costs of renewable energy equipment are the capital and the interest required to pay for the equipment. The use of renewable energy is still hampered in many situations by higher initial investment costs as compared with conventional fuel cycles (although operational fuel costs are non-existent for renewables with the exception of biomass). This is particularly the case due to the fact that energy prices for conventional fuel cycles do not currently reflect the objective full cost, including the external cost to society of environmental damage caused by their use. On a life cycle basis some renewable energy technologies are already cheaper than fossil fuels (e.g. wood heating & heat pumps), however on average renewable energy costs more than fossil energy at this time. To be able to compete with fossil energy, the cost price of renewable energy should decrease. There are some renewable energy sources, which are already competitive; cold storage in industry, geothermal heat and landfill gas. However, the contribution of these sources to the realisation of the Government target is relatively limited. Renewable energy sources approaching the life cycle cost of fossil fuels are wind energy, hydropower and bioenergy. Solar water heaters are more expensive, but could possibly become less expensive in the medium term. The most expensive renewable energy source is photo-voltaic solar energy. Nevertheless expectations for cost reductions, mainly from increased manufacturing economies of scale, run high, certainly in the medium term. Hotline: Web: 6
7 Presently, the initial cost of renewable energy equipment is more expensive than polluting fossil fuel systems because they have not received anything like the support given to the fossil fuel sector in the past. Long term, stable government support is required to increase market demand for renewable energy, consequently manufacturers will produce more and economies of scale will reduce capital costs. Public and Environmental Costs Costs that are normally included in cost price calculations for energy sources are generating costs, transport costs, investment costs for the generating plant and maintenance and management costs. Costs arising from all sorts of harmful effects to the environment and exhaustion of minerals are usually not included in the cost price of fossil fuels. Examples of those costs are: health costs, costs related to the rising sea level as a result of the greenhouse effect, such as making flood defenses higher or constructing big storm surge dams. Costs related to coping with the more extreme weather and the increasing effect of human activities on nature (floods) add up to vast amounts of money. These public & environmental costs related to production of energy from fossil fuels are many times higher that those of renewable energy. If these costs were properly charged, it would show that renewable energy is always cheaper than energy from fossil fuels. Eco or Carbon Taxes To make the Irish tax system greener the Government intends to take a first step by charging for the real cost of fossil energy. Currently the use of fossil energy in Ireland is taxed no differently than renewable energy. However a cornerstone of the Governments future strategy is to introduce financial incentives such as tax breaks for green initiatives and disincentives such as Eco or Carbon taxes for activities that pollute. Essentially, the use of energy from renewable sources, such as buying green electricity from an energy company, will be exempt from Eco taxes, making renewables more competitive. Most EU countries now have Eco taxes for fossil fuels. The revenue collected from Eco taxes is used to lower income taxes and to fund subsidies and programmes for energy from renewable sources. Hotline: Web: 7
8 The Renewable Energy Information Office The Renewable Energy Information Office is a service of Sustainable Energy Ireland. Its objective is to support the development of renewable energy in Ireland by providing independent and expert advice as well as information on related financial, environmental and technical issues. Five ways to contact us: WRITE: Renewable Energy Information Office Sustainable Energy Ireland Shinagh House Bandon, Co. Cork Ireland TELEPHONE: our hotline FAX: renewables@reio.ie VISIT OUR WEBSITE: Sustainable Energy Ireland is a joint initiative of the Department of Public Enterprise and Enterprise Ireland and is supported by the EU through the Community Support Framework. I want to know more about Renewable Energy Further Reading If you have any questions, or would like to find out more, please contact the Renewable Energy Information Office, or see the references given below: Free Factsheets available Directly from Us or Our Web Site: Wind Energy Bioenergy Biomass Landfill Gas Hydropower Green Electricity Renewable Energy for Buildings & Industry: Passive Solar Design Heat Pumps for Your Home Heat Pumps for Commercial Buildings Heat Pumps for the Health Sector Solar Water Heaters How to Heat with Wood Hotline: Web: 8
9 Bi-monthly Magazines: Renewable Energy World Free - Subscribe online at New Energy Subscription Fee - Subscribe online at REFOCUS Free - Subscribe online at Websites: Renewable Energy Information Office: EU Directorate General for Energy Department of Public Enterprise Natural Resources Canada California Energy Commission US Department of Energy United Nations Framework on Climate Change Natural Resources Canada Climate Change TV Series Videos Engine Earth - a 4 Part Irish Renewable Energy TV Series available from the Renewable Energy Information Office at cost of 7 including p&p Wood from the Trees a 7 Part TV Series on Renewable Materials & Energy, available from the Renewable Energy Information Office at a cost of 7 including p&p The State We re In a 7 Part TV Series Comparing Irish & EU Environmental Issues & Performance, available at a cost of 24 (including p&p) from Time Horizon Productions, 13 Windsor Place, Dublin 2 Tel , timehorizon@eircom.net This list is not an accreditation by the Renewable Energy Information Office of the organizations named. Hotline: Web: 9
Generating Current Electricity: Complete the following summary table for each way that electrical energy is generated. Pros:
P a g e 1 Generating Current Electricity: Complete the following summary table for each way that electrical energy is generated. Generating Electrical Energy Using Moving Water: Hydro-Electric Generation
More informationRenewable vs. non-renewable energy sources, forms and technologies prepared by. A.Gritsevskyi, IAEA
Renewable vs. non-renewable energy sources, forms and technologies prepared by. A.Gritsevskyi, IAEA Objective of this paper is to provide International Recommendations for Energy Statistics (IRES) with
More information12.5: Generating Current Electricity pg. 518
12.5: Generating Current Electricity pg. 518 Key Concepts: 1. Electrical energy is produced by energy transformations. 2. Electrical energy is produced from renewable and non-renewable resources. 4. Electrical
More informationFACTS ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE
FACTS ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE 1. What is climate change? Climate change is a long-term shift in the climate of a specific location, region or planet. The shift is measured by changes in features associated
More informationCANADA S RESOURCES: CONVENTIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
CANADA S RESOURCES: CONVENTIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY Introduction Canadians are among the highest energy consumers in the world. Why? (list 3 possible reasons) Northern climate/very cold temperatures
More informationDo-Now. 1.) Get out notebook.
Do-Now 1.) Get out notebook. 2.) Answer the following questions on the first clean sheet in your notebook. 1.) What are renewable resources? 2.) What are nonrenewable resources? Alternative Sources of
More informationEnvironmental Science 101 Energy. Web-Based Course. Lecture Outline: Terms You Should Know: Learning Objectives: Reading Assignment:
Environmental Science 101 Energy 1 Web-Based Course Lecture Outline: 5. RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES MODULE 5.1 Improving Energy Efficiency A. Improving Energy Efficiency MODULE 5.2 Geothermal, Hydro and
More informationRenewable Choice Energy
Catawba College Table of Contents About Renewable Choice The Problem: Electricity Production Today The Solutions: Renewable Energy Sources Renewable Energy Credits (RECs) Who can participate in Renewable
More informationAnnex 5A Trends in international carbon dioxide emissions
Annex 5A Trends in international carbon dioxide emissions 5A.1 A global effort will be needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to arrest climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
More informationTechnologies for small scale Biomass CHP-Plants an actual survey
Technologies for small scale Biomass CHP-Plants an actual survey Risoe, May, 20th 2003 Dr.-Ing. J. Fischer Institute for Energy Economics and Rational Use of Energy, IER, University of Stuttgart Hessbrühlstr.
More informationConsider How can you collect solar energy for use in your school? What are other alternatives?
5 a 5 Energy Sources a - Energy from the sun Purpose To explore sourcing our energy from the sun Key concepts Solar energy is a natural and renewable resource Heat energy from the sun can be used to heat
More informationEconomic Analysis of the Renewable Energy Policies in the European Union
6th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Industrial Management. XVI Congreso de Ingeniería de Organización. Vigo, July 18-20, 2012 Economic Analysis of the Renewable Energy Policies in
More informationLandfill Gas In Ireland - The Facts
Landfill Gas In Ireland - The Facts Almost two million tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) were generated in Ireland in 1998, over 90% of which was consigned to landfill. At landfill, bacteria cause
More informationNEW ZEALAND S RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE
NEW ZEALAND S RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE 1 NEW ZEALAND S RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE In simplifying this information, some detail has been omitted. For more complete information about climate change science
More informationEnergy Efficiency Indicators for Public Electricity Production from Fossil Fuels
international energy agency agence internationale de l energie Energy Efficiency Indicators for Public Electricity Production from Fossil Fuels IEA Information paper In Support of the G8 Plan of Action
More informationModule 7 Forms of energy generation
INTRODUCTION In rich countries like Australia, our standard of living is dependent on easily available energy. Every time you catch a bus, turn on a light or watch television energy is being used up. Over
More information5-Minute Refresher: RENEWABLE ENERGY
5-Minute Refresher: RENEWABLE ENERGY Renewable Energy Key Ideas Renewable energy is a source of energy that can be used and replenished naturally in a relatively short period of time. Non renewable energy
More informationInternational Solar Energy Arena January 23rd, 2009, Istanbul STEAM (Strategic Technical Economic Research Center)
International Solar Energy Arena January 23rd, 2009, Istanbul STEAM (Strategic Technical Economic Research Center) Good morning. Sayin Bakanım. Members of Parliament. Ladies and Gentlemen. Slide 1: Opening
More informationAlternative Energy. Terms and Concepts: Relative quantities of potential energy resources, Solar constant, Economies of scale
Objectives Key Terms and Concepts Introduction Solar Wind Hydroelectric Power Geothermal Sources Biofuels Summary: Economies of Scale Questions for the video if time permits Alternative Energy Objectives:
More informationMCQ - ENERGY and CLIMATE
1 MCQ - ENERGY and CLIMATE 1. The volume of a given mass of water at a temperature of T 1 is V 1. The volume increases to V 2 at temperature T 2. The coefficient of volume expansion of water may be calculated
More informationComprehensive emissions per capita for industrialised countries
THE AUSTRALIA INSTITUTE Comprehensive emissions per capita for industrialised countries Hal Turton and Clive Hamilton The Australia Institute September 2001 the Parties included in Annex I shall implement
More informationKyoto Protocol MEMO/04/43. What is the Kyoto Protocol? Bruxelles, 4 March 2004
MEMO/04/43 Bruxelles, 4 March 2004 Kyoto Protocol What is the Kyoto Protocol? The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol provide the only international framework
More informationA sustainable energy and climate policy for the environment, competitiveness and long-term stability
2009-02-05 A sustainable energy and climate policy for the environment, competitiveness and long-term stability The party leaders of Alliance for Sweden entered into an agreement today on a long-term,
More informationSix greenhouse gases covered by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol are:
Fact sheet: The need for mitigation United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Along with adaptation, mitigation is one of the two central approaches in the international climate change process.
More informationTURKEY S HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL and
ERE OTOPRODÜKTÖR, ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM, İLETİM ve DAĞITIM SANAYİ ve TİCARET A.Ş. TURKEY S HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL and REVIEW of ELECTRICITY GENERATION POLICIES from EU PERSPECTIVE FEASIBILITY CRITERIA FOR HEPP
More informationHow to Earn the LEED Green Power Credit
3D EG REES WH ITE PAPER How to Earn the LEED Green Power Credit Using on-site and off-site renewable energy to mitigate the impact of greenhouse gas emissions associated with a LEED project s energy use
More informationEU Energy Policy and the Energy Situation in Germany
IIPS Japan Policy Commentary EU Energy Policy and the Energy Situation in Germany By Mikihiko Shimizu Senior Research Fellow at IIPS Introduction Japan s energy policy is undergoing fundamental review
More informationBritish Columbia s Clean Energy Vision
British Columbia s Clean Energy Vision Innovative Technologies and Green Energy Solutions National Environmental Conference Brunei Darussalam July 1, 2010 Profile of British Columbia Overview British
More informationRENEWABLE ENERGY IN AUSTRALIA
RENEWABLE ENERGY IN AUSTRALIA Increasing electricity generation from renewable energy sources is one of the main strategies to reduce greenhouse emissions from the power sector. Australia has historically
More informationNuclear power is part of the solution for fighting climate change
Nuclear power is part of the solution for fighting climate change "Nuclear for Climate" is an initiative undertaken by the members of the French Nuclear Energy Society (SFEN), the American Nuclear Society
More informationCosts of air pollution from European industrial facilities 2008 2012 an updated assessment
Costs of air pollution from European industrial facilities 2008 2012 an updated assessment Summary In 2012, air pollution from European industrial facilities cost at least EUR 59 billion (and up to EUR
More informationRainwater Harvesting
Rainwater Harvesting With climate change now a reality rather than a speculated possibility, the demand on water resources has gone up, whilst the amount of water available for supply has gone down. Forth
More informationLow temperatures provide a poor increase in energy consumption. Decreasing economy lessens energy demand / Renewables continue to grow
Low temperatures provide a poor increase in energy consumption Decreasing economy lessens energy demand / Renewables continue to grow Berlin/Cologne (19 December 2012) - Energy consumption in Germany in
More informationSustainable Energy Sources By: Sue Peterson
www.k5learning.com Objective sight words (consumption, terrain, integral, orbit, originated, contemporary, remote); concepts (sustainable, renewable, photovoltaics, gasification) Vocabulary consumption
More informationAnalysis of electricity production in EU-28 up to 2014 with a focus on renewables
Renewables International. www.renewablesinternational.net Analysis of electricity production in EU-28 up to 2014 with a focus on renewables Bernard CHABOT BCCONSULT, Garbejaire B107, 06560 VALBONNE, France
More informationEconomic Development and the Risk of Global Climate Change
14 Economic Development and the Risk of Global Climate Change Who is primarily responsible for creating the risk of global climate change? 78 Since the industrial revolution, economic development has been
More informationESBI Company Profile. ESB International. Bringing Energy Innovation to the World...
ESBI Company Profile ESB International Bringing Energy Innovation to the World... ESB International ESBI is one of Europe s most progressive and commercially focused electricity consultancy firms with
More informationThe impact Equation where scientists and engineers fit in the picture
The impact Equation where scientists and engineers fit in the picture In a series of papers in 1970-74, Paul Ehrlich and John Holdren proposed the following equation to estimate the overall impact of our
More informationERMInE Database. Presentation by Nils Flatabø SINTEF Energy Research. ERMInE Workshop 2 - Northern Europe Oslo, 1. November 2006
ERMInE Database Presentation by Nils Flatabø SINTEF Energy Research ERMInE Workshop 2 - Northern Europe Oslo, 1. November 26 Overview Content of the Ermine Database Electronic Questionnaire RTD&D Data
More informationStation #1 Interpreting Infographs
Energy Resources Stations Activity Page # 1 Station #1 Interpreting Infographs 1. Identify and explain each of the energy sources (5) illustrated in the infograph. 2. What do the white and black circles
More informationAP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2012 SCORING GUIDELINES
AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2012 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 2 The Fremont School District uses oil to heat school buildings. Go Green! is a new project the district will implement. The superintendent has
More informationModule 2.2. Heat transfer mechanisms
Module 2.2 Heat transfer mechanisms Learning Outcomes On successful completion of this module learners will be able to - Describe the 1 st and 2 nd laws of thermodynamics. - Describe heat transfer mechanisms.
More informationHeat pumps: better by nature
Heat pumps: better by nature For office buildings, hospitals, swimming pools, Heat, more than 80% of our energy consumption The burning of fossil fuels to meet our energy demand is resulting in the emission
More informationClimate Change: A Local Focus on a Global Issue Newfoundland and Labrador Curriculum Links 2010-2011
Climate Change: A Local Focus on a Global Issue Newfoundland and Labrador Curriculum Links 2010-2011 HEALTH Kindergarten: Grade 1: Grade 2: Know that litter can spoil the environment. Grade 3: Grade 4:
More informationInnovadidattica, Leggere e scrivere l'ambiente
Attenzione: l'allievo ha risposto usando il colore rosso. Allievo: Francesco B. 1. Read 1. Energy basics Energy is in everything. We use energy for everything we do, from making a jump shot to baking cookies
More informationRenewable Energy Sources (RES) Support Levels, 2009
Austria Hydropower Green electricity act Feed-in tariff (incentive only) 3.25 644,000 5.05 Wind (onshore) Green electricity act Feed-in tariff (incentive only) 59.46 1,915,000 31.05 Biomass Green electricity
More informationPlease address your inquiries to balances@iea.org.
Excerpt from: ii - EXCERPT FROM ENERGY BALANCES OF OECD COUNTRIES (215 edition) The following analysis is an excerpt from the publication Energy Balances of OECD Countries (215 edition). Please note that
More informationGoing Green: Installing Solar Panels around the Campus of Widener University
Going Green: Installing Solar Panels around the Campus of Widener University by Andrea Stickley Student at Widener University November 27, 2012 Abstract In recent years, it has come to light about the
More informationRENEWABLE RESOURCES. Kinds of renewable resources. 1. Solar energy
RENEWABLE RESOURCES Natural resources (also called land or raw materials) occur naturally within environments that exist relatively undisturbed by mankind, in a natural form. Natural resources are derived
More informationActivity 1: 2 butter cartons, scissors, cling film, thermometer, water, a sunny spot and a shady spot.
Equipment: Activity 1: 2 butter cartons, scissors, cling film, thermometer, water, a sunny spot and a shady spot. Activity 2: 3 thermometers, black paper, white paper Suggested Class Level: 3rd 6th Preparation:
More informationCommunicating Your Commitment: Your Guide to Clean Energy Messaging
Communicating Your Commitment: Your Guide to Clean Energy Messaging Congratulations on your recent purchase of clean energy from Renewable Choice! Whether you ve purchased green power in the form of renewable
More informationEnergy Quiz. Questions:
Energy Quiz Want to have some fun and learn at the same time. This is not a test. You don t have to pass it and it won t give you a grade. It will just help you learn or find out how much you remember
More informationElectricity and natural gas price statistics 1
Electricity and natural gas price statistics 1 Source: Statistics Explained (http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/) - 21/11/2011-09:11:44 Electricity and natural gas price statistics Data
More informationEducation & Training Plan Renewable Energy Specialist Online
Education & Training Plan Renewable Energy Specialist Online MyCAA Information Tuition: $3600 (1 exam included for LEED) MyCAA Course Code: LIT-RES3 Course Contact Hours: 365 Hours Program Duration: 6
More informationAsian Journal on Energy and Environment
As. J. Energy Env. 2005, 6(02), 139-144 Asian Journal on Energy and Environment ISSN 1513-4121 Available online at www.asian-energy-journal.info The Small Hydropower Project as the Important Renewable
More informationSuccess story: Feed-In Tariffs Support renewable energy in Germany
Success story: Feed-In Tariffs Support renewable energy in Germany This document will show how this success story has been brought about and is made up of the following sections: 1. What is a Feed-In Tariff?
More informationThe Danish regions. 2 www.regionmidtjylland.dk
Renewable Energy and Environmental development The effort of Central Denmark Region Henning Gjellerod Member of the region-council www.regionmidtjylland.dk The Danish regions 2 www.regionmidtjylland.dk
More informationTeacher notes for activity: What is global warming?
Teacher notes for activity: What is global warming? Resources for this activity Powerpoint slides to support activity, available on www.ashdenawards.org/schools/activities. 5-minute Ashden Awards films,
More informationFIELD TRIP TO A POWER PLANT - A Reading Guide
TITLE: TOPIC: FIELD TRIP TO A POWER PLANT - A Reading Guide Energy and the sources of energy used in power plants GRADE LEVEL: Secondary CONTENT STANDARD: Earth and Space Science CONTENT OBJECTIVE: For
More informationEnergy Megatrends 2020
Energy Megatrends 2020 Esa Vakkilainen 1 NOTE The data included in the following is mainly based on International Energy Agency's (IEA) World Energy Outlook 2007 IEA is considered the most reliable source
More informationIntroduction to Non- Conventional Energy Systems
Introduction to Non- Conventional Energy Systems Dr.L.Umanand L. Umanand NCES/M1/V1/2004 1 Why Fossil Fuel Base? Applications need concentrated energy i.e. high energy densities. Extraction, storage, distribution
More informationOUTLOOK FOR NATURAL GAS IN EUROPE
6th German-Norwegian Energy Conference OUTLOOK FOR NATURAL GAS IN EUROPE Dr. Berit Tennbakk, Partner, RETROSPECT FALLING AND CONVERGING GAS PRICES HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT MAIN DRIVERS Financial crisis Fukushima
More informationWhy are developing countries exempt from the emissions targets?
Kyoto Protocol Overview The Kyoto Protocol is a legally binding, international agreement that sets targets for industrialized countries to limit or reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by the
More informationMultiple sources of energy will be available, giving the consumer choices. A Higher Percentage of Energy will come from renewable energy sources
Editor s comments: Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of duplicate or extremely similar comments made. The headings are editor s best attempt to draft vision statements reflecting the participants
More informationThe potential of the usage of renewable energy in the Czech Republic
The potential of the usage of renewable energy in the Czech Republic Vukica Janković Helena Mitwallyová Vukica Janković: University of Economics, Prague, Nám. Winstona Churchilla 4, Prague 3, 13000, Czech
More informationRole of Natural Gas in a Sustainable Energy Future
Role of Natural Gas in a Sustainable Energy Future Alexander Medvedev, Deputy Chairman of Gazprom Management Committee, Director General of Gazprom Export 2 nd Ministerial Gas Forum Doha, 30 November 2010
More informationInterview: Aurélie Faure, Financial Analyst at Dexia Asset Management
Research letter n 09/03 October 2009 http://www.carbonium.fr/pdf/research0903.pdf CONTENTS Interview: Aurélie Faure, Financial Analyst at Dexia Asset Management... p. 1 Hot topics in Copenhagen... p. 3
More informationDeveloping Ocean Energy in Ireland. Belmullet Wave Energy Test Site
Developing Ocean Energy in Ireland Belmullet Wave Energy Test Site Where does our energy come from? Most of the energy we use in Ireland comes from fossil fuels such as oil, coal, peat and gas. We burn
More informationEconomic Instruments in Practice 1: Carbon Tax in Sweden
Economic Instruments in Practice 1: Carbon Tax in Sweden Bengt Johansson, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 1) Abstract-In 1991 a carbon tax was introduced in Sweden as a complement to the existing
More informationENERGY EFFICIENCY IN POWER PLANTS
Plenary session Producing more with less: Efficiency in Power Generation ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN POWER PLANTS Frans van Aart, Wim Kok, Pierre Ploumen KEMA Power Generation & Sustainables ENERGY EFFICIENCY
More informationImplications of Abundant Natural Gas
Implications of Abundant Natural Gas JAE EDMONDS AND HAEWON MCJEON APRIL 2013 May 29, 2013 1 Background May 29, 2013 2 The natural gas revolution The application of technologies for accessing unconventional
More informationGrowing the Green Economy
Growing the Green Economy Labour Green Economy Paper.indd 1 05/02/2016 17:44 Our Plan Establish a green infrastructure fund worth 1bn. We recognise the need to fund immediate action on climate change.
More informationCost and benefit of renewable energy in europe
Cost and benefit of renewable energy in europe Yoram Krozer University Twente/Sustainable Innovations Academy, Enschede/Amsterdam, the Netherlands Corresponding author. Tel: +31 6 51 23 13 71, Fax: +31
More informationEnergy: renewable sources of energy. Renewable Energy Sources
Energy: renewable sources of energy Energy Sources 1 It is technically and economically feasible to phase out net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions almost entirely by 2050. A report by energy consulting firm
More informationGeothermal ERA NET. 7 th Geothermal ERA NET meeting Trieste, Italy 10-11 September 2014. Guðni A Jóhannesson Director General, Orkustofnun, Iceland
Cooperation between European countries through the Geothermal ERA NET 7 th meeting Trieste, Italy 10-11 September 2014 Guðni A Jóhannesson Director General, Afternoon Session The is supported by the European
More informationGet Ready For The One Tonne Action Challenge!
Get Ready For The One Tonne Action Challenge! Read through the four elements of the one-tonne challenge - making a difference is easier than you think!! Watt's It All About? As our demand for electricity
More informationEnergy [R]evolution vs. IEA World Energy Outlook scenario
Energy [R]evolution vs. IEA World Energy Outlook scenario New set of scenarios takes climate crisis into account World Energy Outlook (WEO) 2008 for the first time takes the climate crisis really into
More informationPAMUN XV ENVIRONMENT COMMITTEE PROMOTING THE MOVEMENT TOWARDS RENEWABLE RESOURCES OF ENERGY
PAMUN XV ENVIRONMENT COMMITTEE PROMOTING THE MOVEMENT TOWARDS RENEWABLE RESOURCES OF ENERGY Introduction of Topic Currently non-renewable resources make up 85% of the world's energy consumption; a major
More informationRenewable Energy Development in Uzbekistan
Conference Integration of Central Asia into the World economy: Role of Energy and Infrastructure 22 October 2007, Washington D.C. Renewable Energy Development in Uzbekistan Technology Transfer Agency is
More informationTeachingEnglish Lesson plans. Climate change. Worksheet A - Climate change the evidence Match the questions to the answers about climate change.
Climate change Worksheet A - Climate change the evidence Match the questions to the answers about climate change. 1. What is climate change? 2. What is the greenhouse effect? 3. What is the evidence of
More informationNuclear Power s Role in Enhancing Energy Security in a Dangerous World Al Shpyth, B.A., M.E.S. Director, Government Relations Cameco Corporation
Nuclear Power s Role in Enhancing Energy Security in a Dangerous World Al Shpyth, B.A., M.E.S. Director, Government Relations Cameco Corporation Introduction: Should we be concerned about energy security?
More informationADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ENERGY SOURCES. Prepared by Sandra Vasa-Sideris, PhD, Southern Polytechnic State University, for use by students
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ENERGY SOURCES Prepared by Sandra Vasa-Sideris, PhD, Southern Polytechnic State University, for use by students Questions to consider Where are the nonrenewable sources
More informationOverview of State and Local Green Building Incentives Tri-state Area (New York, New Jersey and Connecticut)
Overview of State and Local Green Building Incentives Tri-state Area (New York, New Jersey and Connecticut) States, local governments and utility companies offer various financial incentives to promote
More informationACCELERATING GREEN ENERGY TOWARDS 2020. The Danish Energy Agreement of March 2012
ACCELERATING GREEN ENERGY TOWARDS The Danish Energy Agreement of March 2012 The most ambitious energy plan of the world In March 2012 a historic new Energy Agreement was reached in Denmark. The Agreement
More informationMål og virkemidler i de nordiske landenes handlingsplaner for Fornybar Energi
Mål og virkemidler i de nordiske landenes handlingsplaner for Fornybar Energi Bjarne Juul-Kristensen Energistyrelsen, Nordiske Arbejdsgruppe for Fornybar Energi Content Targets and measures in RES-Directive
More informationNagel:Renewable Energy in Europe
Nagel:Renewable Energy in Europe 1. An example: The German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) of 2000, 2. Factual development in the EU 3. The bill of 2004 4. The RES-Electricity Directive of 2001 5. The
More informationDemocratic and Republican Positions on Environmental Issues. Edward H. Klevans, Professor and Department Head Emeritus of Nuclear Engineering
Democratic and Republican Positions on Environmental Issues Edward H. Klevans, Professor and Department Head Emeritus of Nuclear Engineering Issue: Climate Change Democratic Position The Democratic Platform
More informationAnnual European Union greenhouse gas inventory 1990 2013 and inventory report 2015
EEA Technical report No 19/2015 Annual European Union greenhouse gas inventory 1990 2013 and inventory report 2015 Submission to the UNFCCC Secretariat ISSN 1725-2237 EEA Technical report No 19/2015 Annual
More informationRENEWABLE ENERGY SOCIAL MEDIA TOOLKIT #CLIMATEHOPE. The solutions to climate change are right here, right now. Help spread the word and share the
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOCIAL MEDIA TOOLKIT The solutions to climate change are right here, right now. Help spread the word and share the #CLIMATEHOPE INTRODUCTION The use of clean, renewable energy sources
More informationA Guide to Woodland Carbon for Business
A Guide to Woodland Carbon for Business Contents: 1. Investing in Woodland Carbon: an overview 2. Why Woodland Carbon? 3. How much does it cost? 4. Woodland Carbon Code 5. Woodland Carbon compliance 6.
More informationANALYSIS OF THE ADMINISTRATION S PROPOSED TAX INCENTIVES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
June 28, 1999 ANALYSIS OF THE ADMINISTRATION S PROPOSED TAX INCENTIVES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THE ENVIRONMENT INTRODUCTION A few months ago in the FY 2000 budget the President proposed a $3.6 billion
More informationWaste-to-Energy in Europe
Waste-to-Energy in Europe Instrumental in EU Waste and Energy Policy Goals Antonio Bonomo, Federambiente, Italy Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy Plants 1 CEWEP Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy
More informationBiomass Renewable Energy from Plants and Animals
Renewable Biomass Biomass Basics Biomass Renewable Energy from Plants and Animals Biomass is organic material made from plants and animals. Biomass contains stored energy from the sun. Plants absorb the
More informationFrom today s systems to the future renewable energy systems. Iva Ridjan US-DK summer school AAU Copenhagen 17 August 2015
From today s systems to the future renewable energy systems Iva Ridjan US-DK summer school AAU Copenhagen 17 August 2015 STRUCTURE OF ENERGY SYSTEMS 8/17/2015 Copenhagen, Denmark 2 Components Demand Heat
More informationSolar Homes Catch the Sun. Are you planning a new house? Discover how you can apply solar architecture principles to:
PASSIVE Solar Design Solar Homes Catch the Sun Are you planning a new house? Discover how you can apply solar architecture principles to: keep your heating bills to a minimum enjoy the comfort of a warm
More informationAlternative and Renewable Energy. Christopher Nicholson section: AD Last 4 # of SIN: 5001
Alternative and Renewable Energy Christopher Nicholson section: AD Last 4 # of SIN: 5001 Current Primary Energy Sources Current Primary Energy Sources The pie chart on the left depicts global sources of
More informationClimate Change Mini-Simulation: Background Guide
Climate Change Mini-Simulation: Background Guide United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to creating
More informationRevealing the costs of air pollution from industrial facilities in Europe a summary for policymakers
Revealing the costs of air pollution from industrial facilities in Europe a summary for policymakers A new European Environment Agency (EEA report, Revealing the costs of air pollution from industrial
More information10 Nuclear Power Reactors Figure 10.1
10 Nuclear Power Reactors Figure 10.1 89 10.1 What is a Nuclear Power Station? The purpose of a power station is to generate electricity safely reliably and economically. Figure 10.1 is the schematic of
More information