Offset Project Plan for the Shepard Landfill Gas Capture and Combustion Offset Project

Transcription

1 The City of Calgary Offset Project Plan for the Shepard Landfill Gas Capture and Combustion Offset Project March 2012 The City of Calgary

2 DISCLAIMER: The City of Calgary does not make or provide any representation, warranty, covenant or guarantee and does not assume any responsibility for the completeness, accuracy or reliability of any of the VERR and Project related information posted or otherwise made available or obtained through the GHG CleanProjects Registry, save and except to the extent as is expressly provided for in the GHG CleanProjects Registry Services Agreement dated March 1, 2012 between the Canadian Standards Association and The City of Calgary, as amended. Reliance upon the VERR and Project related information posted or otherwise made available or obtained through the GHG CleanProjects Registry is subject to independent review, verification and interpretation by those third parties. This document and the associated GHG Assertion have been prepared in accordance with the Specified Gas Emitters Regulation and all relevant guidance documents and Protocols.

3 Table of Contents 1 Project Scope and Project Site Description Contact Information... Other Project Information....1 Conditions Prior to Project Initiation....2 Description of How the Project will Achieve Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions / Removals.... Project Eligibility Project Technologies, Products, Services and the Expected Level of Activity LFG Capture System LFG Conditioning System Power Generating System Flaring System Biocell Pilot Project Meters and Monitoring Equipment Identification of Risks Inventory of Sources and Sinks Identification of the Baseline and Project Quantification Plan Estimate of Total Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions / Removals Enhancements Attributable for the Project B6 Waste Decomposition B10 Offset Fossil Fuel Use P9 On-Site Co-Generation Systems P11 Flaring P1 Net Electricity Production / Usage Sample Quantification Roll-Up Methodology Rounding of Values Estimate of Total Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions Attributable for the Project. 7 Monitoring Plan Volume and Composition of LFG Combusted Electricity Production and Usage Data Information Management System and Data Controls Data Controls Metering Maintenance and Calibration... 9 The City of Calgary Page i

4 8. Record Keeping Project Developer Signatures... 1 Appendix A: AEW Approval to Proceed with Project Registration... 2 Appendix B: Process Diagram... Appendix C: Calibration Records... 6 Appendix D: Supporting Documentation and Calculations for Use of Flare Efficiency for Generator Emissions under P9 On-Site Co-Generation Systems... 8 Appendix E: Supplementary Information for Flow Meter FIT 102 Calibration Appendix F: CH2M Hill Memorandum Regarding Shepard LFG Flow Meter Comparison... 5 List of Tables Table -1 Protocol Applicability Criteria... 5 Table -2 Identification of Risks and Mitigation Table -1 SSRs Included and Excluded for Quantification Table 6-1 SSR Parameter Measurement or Estimation Table 6-2 Daily Flow and Composition Data (May, 2010) Table 6- Project Specific Electricity Data (May, 2010)... 0 Table 6- Sample Calculation... 1 Table 6-5 Estimate of Total Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions... Table 8-1 Metering Maintenance and Calibration Details... 0 List of Figures Figure -1: Shepard Landfill Plan View LFG Cells... 8 Figure -2: Biocell Well Configuration Figure -1: Process Flow Diagram for Baseline Condition... 1 Figure -2: Process Flow Diagram for Project Condition... 1 Figure 7-1: LFG Data Flow Diagram... 6 Figure 7-2: Electricity Data Flow Diagram... 8 The City of Calgary Page ii

5 1 Project Scope and Project Site Description Project Title: Project Purpose and Objective(s): Project Start Date: Shepard Landfill Gas Capture and Combustion Offset Project ( Project ) The purpose of the Project is to reduce methane emissions from the Shepard Landfill by installing a system to capture the landfill gas before it is released to the atmospheric environment. Landfill gas is combusted by a controlled flare or in a reciprocating generator for the production of electricity. Project commissioning was in 2005 and began operation in January All project actions were taken after January 1, Credit Start Date: February 1, 2006 Credit Duration Period: 8 years (February 1, 2006 to January 1, 201 inclusive) Expected Lifetime of the Project: Estimated Emissions Reductions / Removals: Applicable Quantification Protocol(s): Protocol(s) Justification: The expected lifetime of the project is 25 years at the current site. The expected lifetime of the equipment at the site is the same, except for the reciprocating generator which is being considered for upgrade within the next 5 years. 8,000 t CO2e /year 6,000 over the initial crediting period. Alberta Environment Quantification Protocol for Landfill Gas Capture and Combustion (September 2007, Version 1) ( Protocol ) The Project is located in Alberta, includes the capture and combustion of landfill gas and the net export of electricity generated on site to the electricity distribution system. The Project also aligns with all applicability requirements stated in the Protocol. Specifically: 1. Combustion is carried out under controlled conditions; 2. LFG is not vented directly to the atmosphere under project conditions;. Metering of gas volumes takes place upstream of capture;. Quantification of reductions is achieved by measurement and monitoring; and 5. Biocell pilot is in alignment with the definition of a bioreactor landfill as per the Protocol. Alberta Environment and Water (AEW), formerly Alberta Environment, has requested that project developers seek approval prior to requesting project registration on the Alberta Emissions Offset Registry for landfill gas capture and combustion projects. The City of Calgary Page 1

6 Other Environmental Attributes: Legal Land Description of the Project and/or Other Unique Site Descriptions: Approval was requested by The City of Calgary on July 25, Approval to proceed with registration was received from Bob Savage, Acting Director of Alberta s Climate Change Secretariat on September 29, 2011, as provided in Appendix A. The quantification procedure implemented for this project is in conformance with the Protocol and the specific guidance provided in the approval. In the absence of the Project, the Shepard Calgary landfill did not have a gas capture and combustion system on site, nor was it required to by law. As such, the emission reductions are additional to what would have otherwise occurred. The project is not generating any other environmental attributes, credits, or benefits. The electricity produced on-site may be eligible for Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs), however none have been generated. Address: St. S.E., Calgary, Alberta LLD: Section WM and north half Section WM Lat / Long: 50.9, The Project boundary comprises of the closed areas of the Shepard landfill where landfill gas capture wells have been installed and the infrastructure associated with the conditioning and combustion of the landfill gas. The pilot scale biocell is also included in the project boundary. Ownership: Reporting and verification details: Project Activity: Project Registration: Other: The Shepard Landfill is owned by The City of Calgary. The City has a contract with CH2M Hill for the operation of the landfill gas capture and combustion equipment system on site. After the initial reporting period, reporting is anticipated to occur annually, based on achieving the estimated annual emission reduction of 8,000 t CO 2 e. The Project is located in Alberta and is a result of actions taken after January 1, The project activity is not required by law and is beyond business as usual practices. The project is real, demonstrable, quantifiable, and verifiable, as demonstrated in the Offset Project Plan. The project has clearly established ownership by The City of Calgary. The project is not registered under any other offset schemes. No Renewable Electricity Certificates (RECs) have been generated from the renewable electricity produced on-site. No additional information is provided. The City of Calgary Page 2

7 2 Contact Information Project Developer Contact Information The City of Calgary Arsheel Hirji Corporate Environmental Specialist Environmental & Safety Management P: (0) F: (0) Address: 6 th Floor, Calgary Public Building th Ave SE Calgary, AB T2G 0K9 The City of Calgary Jessica Lajoie Environmental Technologist Environmental & Safety Management P: (0) F: (0) Jessica.Lajoie@calgary.ca Mailing Address: P.O. Box 2100, Stn. M, 8020 Calgary, AB T2P 2M5 The City of Calgary Page

8 Other Project Information.1 Conditions Prior to Project Initiation The City of Calgary Shepard Municipal Class II Landfill (Shepard Landfill) was commissioned in 1972 to serve the waste disposal needs of the growing city. At that time, the landfill began accepting municipal solid waste (MSW), industrial / commercial / institutional (ICI) waste, and construction waste generated by the citizens and businesses of The City of Calgary. The Shepard Landfill is approximately 55 hectares 1 in area and has a total capacity of 2 million tonnes of waste. Approximately 9 million tonnes of waste have been disposed of in the landfill between 1972 and The landfill is currently owned by The City of Calgary and operated by The City of Calgary s Waste & Recycling Services Department. Day-to-day operations and maintenance of the landfill gas capture and combustion system are conducted by CH2M Hill, who is under contract with The City to provide such services. The landfill operates under Alberta Environment Approval No , effective January 7, 200 and expiring December 1, Historical and current waste received at the landfill is divided into designated areas called cells, which vary in age, size and design. Currently, the landfill has 1 closed cells, 9 cells under interim closure and 5 active cells. Waste is brought to the site via City of Calgary operated waste collection trucks which collect and transport MSW, privately operated waste collection trucks, as well was individual citizens or businesses. The trucks unload the waste in the active cell of the landfill where it is handled and compacted by heavy equipment. Improvements and structures at the site include an administrative building in the north east corner of the site, an equipment maintenance shed, and associated roads and parking. There was no LFG recovery system on site prior to the Project and no legal requirement to install such a system. Therefore the emission reductions achieved by collecting and combusting landfill gas are additional. The Project life expectancy is estimated to be 25 years..2 Description of How the Project will Achieve Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions / Removals The opportunities for generating emission reductions with this Protocol arise primarily from two reduction mechanisms: 1. Direct GHG emission reductions from captured methane that would have otherwise been emitted to the atmosphere; and 2. Indirect GHG emission reductions through the use of captured methane from the landfill to offset grid electricity, which is generated through a mix of fossil fuels. 1 The City of Calgary s Landfill Gas and Renewable Energy Assessment 2 Quantification Protocol for Landfill Gas Capture and Combustion (September 2007, Version 1) The City of Calgary Page

9 In a typical landfill operation, the waste is stored in such a way that air flow to the majority of the waste pile is limited, thus creating the conditions for the anaerobic decomposition of the organic material. Anaerobic decomposition occurs when there is an absence of oxygen and anaerobic microbes are prevalent. The product of anaerobic decomposition is landfill gas (LFG) that is on average 50% methane (CH ), which has a 100 year global warming potential of 21 times that of carbon dioxide. Capture and combustion of the LFG directly and permanently reduces the quantity of methane emissions released into the atmosphere from the landfill. In addition, the LFG can be a fuel source for the generation of electricity, which will offset other generation sources on the Alberta grid, including the combustion of fossil fuels. When the methane portion of the LFG is thermally destroyed in the enclosed flare or combusted in the generator for energy production, the products are primarily carbon dioxide with traces of methane and nitrous oxide. The emissions of carbon dioxide are considered biogenic and thus are not included in the calculation of emission reductions.. Project Eligibility The applicability criteria, identification of sources and sinks, and quantification methodologies for this project have been determined in accordance with the Quantification Protocol for Landfill Gas Capture and Combustion (September 2007, Version 1) and the Technical Guidance for Offset Project Developers (February 2012, Version.0). As described in the Protocol, the Project must conform to or meet certain criteria. Table -1 describes how the Protocol criteria are met and the relevant section of the Offset Project Plan. Table -1 Protocol Applicability Criteria Applicability Criterion as per the How Criteria Are Met Relevant Section in Protocol 2 Offset Project Plan The combustion is carried out under controlled conditions as demonstrated by a description of the LFG end use and specifications of the combustion device in use. The LFG is not vented directly to atmosphere under project condition once it is gathered as demonstrated by operational records and/or an affirmation by the project developer. Metering of gas volumes takes place upstream and within a reasonable distance of either the combustion device or point of inclusion in the off-site pipeline network such that the meter will account for the potential for fugitive emissions as demonstrated by the project schematics. LFG at the site is combusted in either the enclosed flare or reciprocating generator, both of which constitute controlled conditions. The operational records from the in-line flow meter show that LFG collected is directed to the flare or the reciprocating engine. The FIT 102 flow meter is located upstream of the flare and the gas conditioning system, as indicated in drawing P- 02, Process and Instrumentation.. Power Generating System.. Power Generating System and.. Flaring System 7.1 Volume and Composition of LFG Combusted 2 Quantification Protocol for Landfill Gas Capture and Combustion (September 2007, Version 1) The City of Calgary Page 5

10 Applicability Criterion as per the Protocol 2 How Criteria Are Met Relevant Section in Offset Project Plan Diagram, attached in Appendix B. The quantification of reductions achieved by the project is based on actual measurement and monitoring. Definition of Bioreactor Landfill: A landfill cell that is specifically engineered to enhance the decomposition of wastes through careful manipulation of site conditions. Metered data is incorporated in the quantification of every source including gas flow and associated factors, electricity exports, and electricity imports. The pilot project biocell on site practices leachate recirculation which is a manipulation of site conditions to enhance the rate of decomposition of wastes. Table 6-1 SSR Parameter Measurement or Estimation..5 Biocell Pilot Project The Protocol identifies flexibility mechanisms available to project developers to justify monitoring and measuring practices that may vary from what is prescribed in the Protocol. The Project does not utilize any of the stated flexibility mechanisms as stated; however, the following Project specific deviations from the Protocol should be noted: Density of methane. Table 2. of the Protocol outlines quantification procedures for each SSR. For B6 Waste Decomposition the density of methane is required. The density of methane calculated for the project was kg/m, which corresponds to the density of methane at 25 C and 1 atm. The Protocol identifies a density of methane of kg/m at standard temperature and pressure which is not applicable to the Project condition at the Shepard Landfill. See Table 6-1 for further details. Deviations requested by Alberta Environment as per letter of approval: Flare efficiency. Instead of using a published emission factor to estimate the emissions from LFG combustion in the flare, a specific minimum efficiency for the flare was used to estimate combustion emissions. The method of calculation was approved by Alberta Environment. For consistency, the same efficiency factor was used to estimate methane emissions from both the flare and the generator. Grid electricity consumption. The on-site use of electricity sources from the provincial grid was included in the quantification of emission reductions and accounted for using an emission factor of 0.88 t CO 2 e / MWh. This method of calculation was approved by Alberta Environment and Water (AEW), formerly Alberta Environment. Estimation methodology for flare emissions proposed by City of Calgary (August 2, 2011 letter from Sharon Young, Acting Director, Environmental & Safety Management) and approved by AENV (September 29, 2011 letter from Bob Savage, Acting Director, Climate Change Secretariat) Calculation methodology and electricity emission factor approved by AENV (September 29, 2011 letter from Bob Savage, Acting Director, Climate Change Secretariat) The City of Calgary Page 6

11 . Project Technologies, Products, Services and the Expected Level of Activity The process equipment and meters used by the Project are described throughout this document. The Project does not employ any specific technologies that vary sufficiently from the Protocol to warrant a justification. As well, the products and services provided by the Project are considered to be standard for LFG capture and combustion projects. The Project consists of a landfill gas capture and combustion system described in more detail in the following sections. The Project will achieve GHG emission reductions through the mechanisms described above. To properly document the emission reductions achieved by the Project, this Offset Project Plan has been completed in accordance with the Alberta Offset System Technical Guidance for Offset Project Developers (February 2012, Version.0) and the Quantification Protocol for Landfill Gas Capture and Combustion (September 2007, Version 1), with amendments as required by Alberta Environment...1 LFG Capture System The Shepard Landfill LFG recovery system was commissioned by The City of Calgary in 2005 and was brought online in December Reliable data collection from the system was achieved by February 2006, which is the beginning of the offset claim period. The system gathers LFG from three closed cells and one pilot scale biocell at the landfill. Total tonnage of municipal solid waste included within these closed areas is estimated to be 2.9 million tonnes. The cells included in the LFG capture system are: Cell A stopped receiving waste in 2000, 26 wells; Cell B (east and west) stopped receiving waste in 1987, 2 wells; Cell C stopped receiving waste in 1992, 1 wells; Biocell one well head. A total of 61 vertical recovery wells were installed in the closed landfill areas and tied into a below-grade piping system. The main header transports the collected gas to the conditioning and power generation plant. The wells are connected to two 12 collection headers. The headers join at a common manifold that feeds the gas plant, located to the south of the landfill, through a 1 buried line. All lines are high-density polyethylene (HDPE). A map showing the location of the landfill cells incorporated by the LFG capture system is included as Figure -1. The City of Calgary Page 7

12 Figure -1: Shepard Landfill Plan View LFG Cells 5 Landfill gas from the recovery system is compressed by the use of two electric centrifugal blowers with a flow rate of 1020 m /hr and directed to the LFG conditioning system...2 LFG Conditioning System The LFG conditioning system is required to prepare the raw LFG collected from the site for combustion in the generator. The system conditions the LFG by refrigeration. The first stage cools the gas to 0 C to remove moisture from the gas stream. The second stage cools the gas to -20 C to remove other condensate as well as siloxanes, which can be corrosive in the engine. The conditioning system draws electricity to power the components of the system as well as heating for the building... Power Generating System 5 CH2MHill Technical Memorandum Landfill Emissions for Shepard Landfill, East Calgary Landfill, and Spyhill Landfill (October 1 9, 2010) The City of Calgary Page 8

13 The power generation system consists of a Waukesha 80 kw reciprocating engine and associated switchgear, metering, telemetry and control equipment. The engine is run solely on the conditioned LFG with no additional fuel inputs. The electricity generated is used first on site to operate the conditioning system and other operational requirements. Any surplus energy is transferred to the electricity grid. The generator requires regular maintenance and on occasion repairs. When the generating facility is off-line, gas is directed to the enclosed flare through an automatic control valve... Flaring System The LFG gathered by the recovery system that is not used by the generator is combusted by the enclosed flare. The biogas flare system consists of an enclosed ZTOF Biogas Flare with a Flare Control Panel. The flare is designed to destroy typical organic compounds generated by solid waste processes. The system is controlled with a processor which receives and transmits signals with respect to operation conditions. The system is designed and operated to provide a constant flow rate to the flare as much as possible. Factors that can affect flow rate are ambient temperature, wind speed and LFG CH composition. These are taken into account by operations personnel and adjusted for accordingly. The flare requires the addition of fossil fuels (propane) only during start-up. Otherwise, the methane content of the LFG is sufficient to maintain an appropriate flare temperature of 700 C...5 Biocell Pilot Project The biocell is a full scale landfill bioreactor pilot project located at the Shepard Landfill. The biocell was constructed and filled with approximately 7,900 tonnes of MSW at the site between 200 and The biocell pilot project was implemented to monitor and study the effect of leachate recirculation on biodegradation, waste stabilization, leachate treatment, production of LFG, and waste settlement in field conditions. The biocell was designed and constructed with leachate and LFG recovery wells incorporated into the waste matrix, in the configuration shown in The City of Calgary Page 9

14 Figure -2. The operation, maintenance, and management of the biocell facility are conducted by CH2M Hill, under contract to The City of Calgary. The biocell operates under the same approval as the landfill, which allows for this activity. The addition of leachate to the biocell increases the moisture level of the waste and thus affects the methane production rate or k value for the biocell by increasing the rate at which methane is produced. However the methane generating potential, or L o, which is representative of the absolute amount of methane generated is not affected. Since the LFG collected by the biocell is metered in accordance with the Protocol, the inclusion of the biocell does not affect the emission reductions claim. The City of Calgary Page 10

15 Figure -2: Biocell Well Configuration..6 Meters and Monitoring Equipment The site uses meters and monitoring equipment to determine flow and composition of captured LFG. Site personnel use this information in daily operation of the system to adjust the flow to the generator and the flare to maintain consistent flow of methane to the extent possible. The following meters and monitors are used at the site: Kurz 5FT (FIT 102) in-line flow meter; AIT 202 in-line gas analyzer; GEM 2000 portable gas analyzer; ENMAX bi-directional electricity meter ID 5278; and ENMAX cumulative meter ID As well Alberta Electric System Operator (AESO) data 6 for asset ID CC02, which represents generation from the Shepard landfill, is used..5 Identification of Risks Potential risks associated with an offset project can be technical, regulatory, financial, reputational, or otherwise. Specifically for this LFG capture and combustion project, risks and associated mitigation efforts have been identified in Table Historical Reports available from The City of Calgary Page 11

16 Table -2 Identification of Risks and Mitigation Risk Description and Type Risk Category Risk Mitigation and Control Low methane yield. With any LFG capture project there is a risk that the capital spent to install the system and the operating expenses do not justify the amount of methane captured and combusted. Financial Differential settlement throughout the landfill. Areas of the landfill can settle at different rates, causing damage to LFG capture equipment. Condensate in the system. As LFG is collected condensate can form which can damage equipment and affect operation. Production of carbon monoxide (CO). During the capture of LFG, CO can be present in the gas in high quantities. High noise levels. The operation of equipment, specifically for energy generation, can result in employee exposure to high noise levels. Flow meter not being calibrated. The in-line flow meter has not been calibrated since installation since it would require a shutdown of the LFG capture system. The site could become regulated. If the regulations regarding how sites are regulated changed, for example by lowering the threshold of total annual emissions from 100,000 t CO2e, the project could be Technical Technical Technical, Health and Safety Health and Safety Technical Regulatory, Financial A six month pilot study was conducted by The City of Calgary, ENMAX, and EnCana at the Shepard landfill in 2002, which comprised a 0 kw Capstone Microturbine temporarily interconnected to the grid. As well, waste profiles performed indicated sufficient conditions for the production of LFG containing 50% methane. Finally, as the first verification was completed ex-post, data on methane production was available. The capture system was designed using vertical wells which are less susceptible to the impacts of settlement. Condensate is removed from the LFG through the conditioning process. A CO study was commissioned for the site. Through measurement and testing, temperature profiling, and LFG analysis, it was concluded that CO was not present during active LFG recovery. A noise exposure study was conducted to determine the levels of potential exposure and implement the necessary measures to protect employees. Additional information pertaining to the FIT 102 meter calibration is presented in Appendix E and Appendix F. At the time of registration the facility was not regulated by Alberta Environment. A change in regulations should be accompanied by a roll-out or grandfathering period that would allow the project to determine the best course of action for offset transactions. The City of Calgary Page 12

17 Risk Description and Type Risk Category Risk Mitigation and Control restricted from generating offsets. As well, all third parties engaged by The City to perform work are selected using a standardized procurement process that focuses on transparency and hiring the most qualified consultant to perform the work. The City of Calgary Page 1

18 Inventory of Sources and Sinks The quantification of greenhouse gas emissions is based on a review of the list of sources, sinks and reservoirs (SSRs) provided in the Protocol and selection of those deemed appropriate for the project and baseline conditions. The list of SSRs in the Protocol is derived from the baseline and project condition process diagrams 7, presented below. Figure -1: Process Flow Diagram for Baseline Condition Figure -2: Process Flow Diagram for Project Condition Table -1 lists all SSRs identified in the Protocol, whether they are related, controlled, or affected by the Project. In addition, Table -1 also indicates whether each SSR is included or 7 AENV Quantification Protocol for Landfill Gas Collection Capture and Combustion (September 2007, Version 1.0) The City of Calgary Page 1

19 excluded for quantification as per the Protocol and whether they are included or excluded for the Project. Justification to quantification is provided as necessary. Table -1 SSRs Included and Excluded for Quantification GHG Source, Sink, or Reservoir Baseline B1 Waste Generation B2 Collection and Transportation B Off-Site Waste Processing B Waste Transportation Controlled, Related, Affected Incl. / Excl. in Protocol Included / Excluded for quantification (with justification) Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. B5 Waste Disposal Controlled Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. B6 Waste Controlled Include Included for quantification, as per Protocol. Decomposition B7 Fuel Extraction and Processing Related Include Excluded for quantification. No LFG is distributed to customers off-site. As such, no upstream emissions from off-site fuel use are displaced. B8 Fuel Delivery Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. B9 Electricity Imported Related Include Excluded for quantification. SSR B9 is defined as the electricity produced offsite to cover electricity demand not met by the landfill gas recovery facility. SSR P1 is defined as the electricity required for operating the facility For correctness, emissions associated with electricity imported to meet demand at the Project site are captured under P1 Net- Electricity Production/Use. B10 Offset Fossil Fuel Use B11 Development of Site B12 Building Equipment Emission reductions associated with netelectricity exports from the Project displacing power on the distribution grid, are addressed under B10 Offset Fossil Fuel Use which is defined as fossil fuel use offsite to cover the energy supplied by landfill gas. Related Include Included for quantification, as per Protocol. Although no LFG is directly distributed off-site, electricity generated from LFG combustion is exported to the grid, thus displacing a mix of fossil fuels. Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. The City of Calgary Page 15

20 GHG Source, Sink, or Reservoir B1 Transportation of Equipment B1 Construction on Site B15 Testing of Equipment B16 Site Decommissioning Project P1 Waste Generation P2 Collection and Transportation P Off-Site Waste Processing P Waste Transportation P5 Waste Processing and Disposal P6 Landfill Gas Recovery System Operation P7 Processing of Landfill Gas P8 Pipeline Distribution and Usage P9 On-Site Co- Generation Systems Controlled, Related, Affected Incl. / Excl. in Protocol Included / Excluded for quantification (with justification) Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. Controlled Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. Controlled Include Excluded for quantification. No LFG or other fossil fuel is consumed to power the operation of the LFG capture system. Emissions associated with electricity generation on site are addressed by P9 On- Site Co-Generation Systems and electricity imported to meet Facility demand are addressed under P1 Net Electricity Production/Usage. Controlled Include Excluded for quantification. No LFG or other fuel is consumed in the operation of the LFG conditioning process. Emissions associated with electricity generation on site are addressed by P9 On- Site Co-Generation Systems and electricity imported to meet Facility demand are addressed under P1 Net Electricity Production/Usage. Related Include Excluded for quantification. LFG captured is not exported to a pipeline system nor is it distributed to customers at another point on the distribution system. Controlled Include Included for quantification, as per Protocol. The City of Calgary Page 16

21 GHG Source, Sink, or Reservoir Controlled, Related, Affected Incl. / Excl. in Protocol Included / Excluded for quantification (with justification) P10 Thermal Energy Distribution Controlled Include Excluded for quantification. No thermal energy is generated on-site. P11 Flaring Controlled Include Included for quantification, as per Protocol with additional direction from AEW 8. Propane used in the flare during start-up is excluded as per Protocol. P12 Fuel Extraction and Processing Related Include Excluded for quantification. The only additional fuel used on site is propane during the flare start-up, which is excluded for quantification as per the Protocol. P1 Fuel Delivery Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. P1 Net Electricity Production / Usage Related Excluded Included for quantification, as per direction from AEW 9. P15 Development Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. of Site P16 Building Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. Equipment P17 Transportation Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. of Equipment P18 Construction Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. on Site P19 Testing of Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. Equipment P20 Site Decommissioning Related Excluded Excluded, as per Protocol. 8 Quantification of SSR P11 based direction from AEW (September 29, 2011 letter from Bob Savage, Acting Director, Climate Change Secretariat) 9 Inclusion and quantification of SSR P1 based direction from AEW (September 29, 2011 letter from Bob Savage, Acting Director, Climate Change Secretariat) The City of Calgary Page 17

22 5 Identification of the Baseline and Project The baseline condition for projects applying the Quantification Protocol for Landfill Gas Capture and Combustion (September 2007, Version 1) is defined as the volume of methane captured that would otherwise have been released to the atmosphere, less the volume of methane that would have been captured under any other existing regulations. The baseline is a historic benchmark and it is dynamic, as it is based on the volume of methane collected and electricity produced by the project, which varies between reporting periods. Prior to the Project, there was no LFG capture system on site and no legal requirement to install such a system. The business as usual or baseline scenario is what would have occurred in the absence of the Project. At the Shepard landfill this would have resulted in the emission of methane from the anaerobic decomposition of organic waste in the landfill and a larger quantity of electricity generated from a mix of higher emitting sources on the distribution grid. The volume of landfill gas captured during the project is used to determine what would have otherwise been released to the atmosphere. As such, functional equivalence is maintained since the level of service, i.e. m of gas, is equivalent between the project and baseline conditions. Also, the quantity of electricity generated by the project, through the combustion of landfill gas, would have otherwise been generated through a mix of higher emitting sources on the distribution grid. The quantity of electricity generated by the project is used to determine the amount of electricity displaced off the grid. As such, functional equivalence is maintained since the level of service, i.e. MWh of electricity, is equivalent between the project and baseline conditions. The City of Calgary Page 18

23 6 Quantification Plan The Protocol was implemented by reviewing the list of sources, sinks and reservoirs (SSRs) of greenhouse gases applicable to landfill gas capture and combustion projects and determining which SSRs are applicable specifically to the Project. The SSR review and applicability determination is detailed in Section of this Offset Project Plan. Based on the applicability review, the following five (5) SSRs were selected for quantification and used to calculate the emission reduction claim. The detailed implementation of the Protocol methodologies necessary to quantify each SSR are identified and described in detail in Table 6-1. B6 Waste Decomposition: In the absence of the project, the methane recovered by the LFG capture system would have been emitted to the atmosphere through natural processes from the landfill. This parameter is quantified based on a combination of measured data and published emission factors. B10 Offset Fossil Fuel Use: In the absence of the project electricity from the grid is consumed off-site. An equivalent amount of electricity is displaced by the project. This parameter is quantified based on measured data and published emission factors. P9 On-Site Co-Generation Systems: The landfill gas collected in the recovery system is combusted in a reciprocating engine on-site to generate electricity which is used at the site and exported to the grid. The generation of electricity uses inputs of LFG, which results in emissions of CH, N 2 O, and biogenic CO 2. This parameter is quantified based on a combination of calculated data, minimum efficiency, and published emission factors. P11 Flaring: Any LFG not combusted in the generator is thermally destroyed by the enclosed flare, which results in emissions of CH, N 2 O, and biogenic CO 2. Propane is used to supplement the flare during start-up. This parameter is quantified based on the estimated flow rate, manufacturer s minimum guaranteed efficiency, and published emission factors. P1 Net Electricity Production / Usage: Although the system uses primarily the electricity produced by the LFG fired generator, some electricity is imported from the grid to cover any downtime for the generator. As well, the operation of the biocell draws electricity from the grid. The use of a bi-directional meter requires electricity generated and exported to the grid to be included under electricity usage. This parameter is quantified based on a combination of metered data and published emission factors. The City of Calgary Page 19

24 Table 6-1 SSR Parameter Measurement or Estimation Protocol Parameter / Variable Project-specific Data Measurement or Estimation Procedure B6 Waste Decomposition Volume of LFG combusted Methane composition in LFG Density of methane B10 Offset Fossil Fuel Use Net Electricity Exported from the Site to the Distribution Grid GHG Emission Factor for Electricity Generation Total volume of LFG collected by the recovery system at the Shepard landfill. Methane composition of LFG collected at the Shepard landfill. Direct metering of landfill gas flow. Direct measurement through sampling and analysis kg/m Calculated using the ideal gas law and meter calibration points of 25 C and 760 mmhg (101,25 Pa). Net electricity generation data from AESO monthly settlement reports. Direct metering of net transfer of electricity to the distribution grid t CO2e / MWh For electricity transferred to the grid, use the grid intensity factor developed from a combination of current and future capacity. Measurement Frequency Every minutes until November 2008, then every 0 seconds. Every minutes until November 2008, then every 0 seconds. N/A Hourly. N/A Measurement Specifications or Estimation Justifications Measurements are taken by the FIT 102 inlet flow meter. Analysis performed by AIT 202 meter, which is calibrated on a daily basis using the GEM Calibration records from the meter manufacturer stating the calibration set points are included in Appendix C. AESO data for asset ID CC02. Grid displacement factor sourced from the Alberta Environment Technical Guidance for Offset Protocol Developers (January 2011, Version 1.0), page. The City of Calgary Page 20

25 Protocol Parameter / Variable Project-specific Data P9 On-Site Co-Generation Systems Volume of LFG Volume of LFG combusted in collected and electricity consumed by power generator generation facility. Methane composition of LFG CH emission factor for LFG combustion Methane composition of LFG Efficiency of 98%. Measurement or Estimation Procedure Estimated based on the difference between the metered total flow (at inlet) and the estimated amount of LFG flared. See P11 for a description of the approach to estimating LFG combusted by controlled flare. Direct measurement. Gas flow to the electricity generation system is not metered. Gas flow is estimated based on the difference between the metered total flow (at inlet) and the estimated amount of LFG flared. A combustion efficiency of 98% is applied to both the electricity generation system and the controlled flare. The rationale for this is included as Appendix D. Measurement Frequency N/A Every minutes prior to November 2008, and every 0 seconds after that. N/A Measurement Specifications or Estimation Justifications Gas flow to the electricity generation system is not metered. A reasonable estimate is determined on the available, metered data related to gas flow rate at inlet, flare operational hours, and parameters to maintain flare efficiency (i.e. minimum flow, composition, and temperature). Analysis performed by AIT 202 meter, which is calibrated on a daily basis using the GEM The same emission factors and combustion efficiency factors were applied for gas combustion in the generator and the flare. This eliminates the potential for discrepancies from estimating the flow and associated combustion emissions. The City of Calgary Page 21

26 Protocol Parameter / Variable N 2 O emission factor for LFG combustion Project-specific Data Measurement or Estimation Procedure kg N 2 O/m As determined by Environment Canada. Measurement Frequency N/A Measurement Specifications or Estimation Justifications Based on published emission factors from Environment Canada for stationary natural gas combustion. Natural Gas Electric Utilities sourced from Table A8-2 CH and N 2 O Emission Factors for Natural Gas, National Inventory Report , Part 2, page 188 Volume of each type of fuel used Note: The emission factors are based on a combustion efficiency of 99.5%. CO 2 Emission factor for each type of fuel CH Emission factor for each type of fuel These parameters are not applicable as no additional fuels, other than LFG, are used for on-site electricity generation. N 2 O Emission factor for each type of fuel The City of Calgary Page 22

27 Protocol Parameter / Variable P11 Flaring Volume of LFG combusted in the flare Project-specific Data Estimated volume of LFG collected and consumed in the flare. Measurement or Estimation Procedure Estimation based on number of generation shut down events per month. On days when the generator is not producing electricity, all gas flow is diverted to the controlled flare. The flow rate, in this case, is used as a proxy to determine the average flow rate to the flare for the balance of the month. Measurement Frequency Monthly Measurement Specifications or Estimation Justifications Gas flow to the flare system is not directly metered. A reasonable estimate is determined on the available, metered data related to gas flow rate at inlet, flare operational hours, and parameters to maintain flare efficiency (i.e. minimum flow, composition, and temperature). Methane composition of LFG CH emission factor for LFG combustion Methane composition of LFG Minimum flare efficiency of 98% This proxy flow rate is then multiplied by total number of hours the flare is operating in a month to determine total monthly gas flow to the flare (m ). Direct Measurement Every minutes prior to November 2008, and every 0 seconds after that. Analysis performed by AIT 202 meter, which is calibrated on a daily basis using the GEM Manufacturer s specifications. N/A The minimum efficiency of the flare is a conservative assumption as per direction from AENV (September 29, 2011 letter from Bob Savage, Acting Director, Climate Change Secretariat) The City of Calgary Page 2

28 Protocol Parameter / Variable N 2 O emission factor for LFG flaring Volume of each type of fuel used Project-specific Data Measurement or Estimation Procedure kg N 2 O/m The emission factors are based on a combustion efficiency of 99.5%. Measurement Frequency N/A Measurement Specifications or Estimation Justifications Based on published emission factors from Environment Canada for stationary natural gas combustion. Natural Gas Electric Utilities sourced from Table A8-2 CH and N 2 O Emission Factors for Natural Gas, National Inventory Report , Part 2, page 188 CO 2 Emission factor for each type of fuel CH Emission factor for each type of fuel The only additional fuel used in the flare is propane during start-up, which is excluded for quantification as per the Protocol. N 2 O Emission factor for each type of fuel P1 Net Electricity Production / Usage Grid electricity Grid electricity usage used on-site. from ENMAX billing reports. Direct metering and billing of transfer of electricity from the grid. Electricity exported is added to account for the difference in what is reported from the bi-directional meter and what is consumed. Continuous (data recorded hourly) ENMAX bi-directional, interval meter ID 5278, cumulative meter ID , and AESO data for asset ID CC02. The City of Calgary Page 2

29 Protocol Parameter / Variable GHG Emission Factor for Electricity Consumption Project-specific Data Measurement or Estimation Procedure 0.88 t CO 2 e / MWh For electricity consumed from the grid, use the grid intensity factor developed from the mix of sources that contribute to the electricity grid. Global Warming Potentials GWP for CH 21 kg CO 2 e / kg CH A GWP value is necessary to convert emissions of CH to equivalent emissions of CO 2 for comparison purposes. GWP for N 2 O 10 kg CO 2 e / kg N 2 O A GWP value is necessary to convert emissions of N 2 O to equivalent emissions of CO 2 for comparison purposes. Measurement Frequency N/A N/A N/A Measurement Specifications or Estimation Justifications GHG intensity for electricity generation in Alberta sourced from Environment Canada Electricity Intensity Tables. 10 This GWP value is sourced from the Specified Gas Emitters Regulation (AR 19/2007), Schedule. 11 This GWP value is sourced from the Specified Gas Emitters Regulation (AR 19/2007), Schedule (Site accessed October 26, 2011) 11 (Site accessed October 26, 2011) 12 (Site accessed October 26, 2011) The City of Calgary Page 25

30 See Section 7 Monitoring Plan and Section 8 Data Information Management System and Data Controls for further details on quality management procedures for the project. This includes data process flow diagrams, QA/QC procedures, meter calibration procedures, data security and other information management procedures. 6.1 Estimate of Total Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions / Removals Enhancements Attributable for the Project The following three equations serve as the basis for calculating the emission reductions from the Project, using the emission profiles of the baseline and project conditions. Note that only SSRs determined to be relevant to this Project are included here. Total Emission Reductions Emissions Baseline Emissions Project Emissions Baseline Emissions Offset FossilFuelUse CH Emissions WasteDecomposit ion * GWP CH Emissions (N 2 Project O Emissions (CH Emissions On-SiteCo-Generation N On-SiteCo-Generation 2 O Emissions CH Flaring Emissions ) *GWP N2O Flaring ) * GWP Emissions CH Net Electricit y Consumption Individual equations to calculate the emissions from each SSR are provided in the Protocol and reproduced here. The details of the parameters, including emission factors, used for each equation are included above, in Table 6-1. The following project-specific formulae were used to quantify the emission reductions from the project. Quantification of the emission reductions generated by the project is conducted using the equations incorporated into an Excel based calculator. A sample calculation using the equations is provided in Table B6 Waste Decomposition The relevant greenhouse gas species applicable to this SSR is methane (CH ). The general equation for this SSR, as presented in the Protocol, is: CH EmissionsB 6 Vol LFG Consumed % CH * * CH The project-specific calculations and associated units for each parameter in the general equation are (on a monthly basis): Equation Vol LFG Consumed AvgDailyFlowRate * Day Where: Day = 2 hours AvgDailyCH Concentraion* AvgDailyFlowRate * Day % CH AvgDailyFlowRate * Day Units m day m * hr hr day %* m / hr* hr m / hr * hr % The City of Calgary Page 26

31 Where: Day = 2 hours Note: This value could also be calculated by doing a weighted average of the daily concentration values. P* M CH R * T Where: P = Pressure (Default 101,25 Pa) M = molecular weight of methane = kg/mol R = Ideal gas constant = 8.1 (J/mol K) T = average temperature of LFG (Default 25 C = K) kg m Where: J Pa * m kg Pa * mol ; J * K mol * K B10 Offset Fossil Fuel Use The relevant greenhouse gas species applicable to this SSR are carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O), as represented by equivalent carbon dioxide (CO 2 e). The general equation for this SSR has been modified from the Protocol to accommodate the use of a combined emission factor that represents the mix of fossil fuels used to generate grid electricity. The equation, as modified, is: Emissions Electricity * B10 EF Electricit y No further equations were used to calculate this SSR. For details on the parameters please refer back to Table P9 On-Site Co-Generation Systems The relevant greenhouse gas species applicable to this SSR are carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). As indicated in Table 6-1, there are no supplemental fossil fuels used in the on-site generation system, and therefore no emissions associated with the use of supplemental fossil fuels. This also negates the need to quantify CO2 emissions because the CO 2 emissions generated through the combustion of landfill gas are considered biogenic. As such, the general equations for this SSR, with some modifications from the Protocol, are: CH N 2 Emisions OEmissions P9 P9 Vol LFG Gen Vol LFG Gen *% CH *% CH * LFG EF * LFG EF CH N 2O There is no meter data to calculate the split of total LFG flow between the flare and the generator. Therefore, the proportion of total flow that goes to the flare is calculated using appropriate assumptions, described below, and the difference is attributed to the generator. This method of flow assignment is substantiated by comparing the generation of electricity to the volume of methane assigned to the generator. Vol LFG Gen Vol LFG Consumed Vol LFG Flare The City of Calgary Page 27

32 Since the flows to the generator and flare are estimates, the generator is assigned flare efficiency in order to produce a conservative calculation of emission reductions. Therefore, the emissions from LFG combustion in the generator are calculated using the following equations. CH N 2 Emissions O Emisions P9 P9 1 FlareEfficiency * Vol LFG FlareEfficiency* Vol LFG Gen Gen *% CH *% CH * CH * LFG EF N 2O 6.1. P11 Flaring The relevant greenhouse gas species applicable to this SSR are carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). As indicated in Table 6-1, the only supplemental fuel used in the flare is propane for start-up, which is excluded as a source of emissions as per the Protocol. As such, there are no emissions associated with the use of supplemental fossil fuels. This negates the need to quantify CO 2 emissions from this source because the CO 2 emissions generated through the combustion of landfill gas are considered biogenic. The general equations for this SSR, with some modifications from the Protocol, are: CH 2 Emissions N OEmissions P11 P11 ( Vol LFG ( Vol LFG Flare Flare *% CH *% CH * LFG EF * LFG EF CH N 2O ) ) In order to incorporate the flare efficiency into the equation, the emissions from LFG combustion in the flare are calculated using the following equation. CH Emissions N O Emissions 2 P11 P11 1 FlareEfficiency * Vol LFG Flare Efficiency* Vol LFG Flare Flare *% CH *% CH * CH * LFG EF N 2O There is no meter data to calculate the split of total LFG flow between the flare and the generator. On days when the generator is not producing electricity (ie. operating hours = 0), all gas flow is diverted to the controlled flare. The flow rate, in this case, is used as a proxy to determine the average flow rate to the flare for the balance of the month. This proxy flow rate is then multiplied by total number of hours the flare is operating (flare run time) in a month to determine total monthly gas flow to the flare (m ). DailyAvgFlow Gen 0 Vol LFG Flare * No. DaysGen 0 RunTime Flare P1 Net Electricity Production / Usage The relevant greenhouse gas species applicable to this SSR are carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O), as represented by equivalent carbon dioxide (CO 2 e). The general equation for this SSR, based on the equation for B10 Offset Fossil Fuel Use, is: The City of Calgary Page 28

33 Emissions Electricity * B9 EF Electricit y No further equations were used to calculate this SSR. For details on the parameters please refer back to Table Sample Quantification The following section provides a sample calculation using the Project-specific equations outlined in Section 6.1. The data used to perform the sample calculation is presented in Table 6-2 and Table 6- and is a reproduction of actual project data for the month of May, All generic emission factors used for calculation of reductions are presented and justified in Table 6-1. Table 6-2 Daily Flow and Composition Data (May, 2010) Date Average Daily Flow (m / day) Average CH Content (%) Flare Runtime (hrs) May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May Generator Runtime (hrs) The City of Calgary Page 29

34 Site specific electricity data for imports from and exports to the grid during May 2010 are presented in Table 6-. Table 6- Project Specific Electricity Data (May, 2010) Parameter Source Value Units Electricity Imported from Grid Monthly Energy Report 1 8, kwh MWh Monthly Energy Report, kwh MWh Electricity Exported to Grid AESO Data MWh 1 Monthly energy reports are generated by The City s Energy Management Office, a joint initiative between The City and ENMAX. The City of Calgary Page 0

35 Table 6- Sample Calculation SSR Parameter Equation Units Sample Calculation and Result B6 Waste Total Volume of n m m hr (88 * 2) (88 * 2) (18 * 2) Decomposition LFG Combusted VolLFGConsume d AvgDailyFlowRate i * Day * month hr day 108, 805 m /month i 1 May (1 * 2)... (160 * 2) B10 Offset Fossil Fuel Use Average Methane Composition of LFG Methane Density Total Emissions from SSR Total Emissions from SSR Where: Day = 2 hours n = the number of days in a given month AvgDailyCH Concentraion* AvgDailyFlowRate * Day % CH AvgDailyFlowRate * Day Where: Day = 2 hours Note: This value could also be calculated by doing a weighted average of the daily concentration values. P * M CH R * T Where: P = Pressure (Default 101,25 Pa) M = molecular weight of methane = kg/mol R = ideal gas constant = 8.1 (J/mol K) T = average temperature of LFG (Default 15 C = K) Emissions Vol *% CH CH B6 LFGConsume d * Emissions Electricity * B9 EF Electricit y %* m / hr* hr m / hr * hr % kg m Where: J Pa * m kg Pa * mol ; J * K mol * K m CH kg kgch m LFG * * m LFG m kgco2 e kgco2 e kwh* kwh CH CH Note: In this example i = 1. (5%*88 * 2) (88 * 2) 52, , % 101,20 * * kg/m 108, 805 *8.% *0.656, 75 kg CH 5,790 * ,26 kgco 2 e (51%*88 * 2) (5%*18 * 2) (88 * 2) (18 * 2) (1 * 2) (7%*160 * 2) (160 * 2) P9 On-Site Co- Generation Volume of LFG combusted in generator Average Methane Composition of LFG Methane Density Vol LFG % CH Gen Where: Day = 2 hours Vol LFG Consumed Vol LFG Flare AvgDailyCH Concentraion* AvgDailyFlowRate * Day AvgDailyFlowRate * Day Note: This value could also be calculated by doing a weighted average of the daily concentration values. P * M CH R * T Where: P = Pressure = 101,20 Pa m m m %* m / hr* hr m / hr * hr % kg m kg Pa * mol ; J * K mol * K 108,805 29,088 52, , % 79,717 (5%*88 * 2) (88 * 2) 101,20 * * kg/m (51%*88 * 2) (5%*18 * 2) (88 * 2) (18 * 2) (1 * 2) (7%*160 * 2) (160 * 2) The City of Calgary Page 1

36 SSR Parameter Equation Units Sample Calculation and Result M = molecular weight of methane = kg/mol Where: R = ideal gas constant = 8.1 J/mol K J Pa * m T = average temperature of LFG = 25 C = K Total Emissions CH Emissions P9 m CH kg * 29,0885 *0.8 *0.656 CH from SSR kgch m LFG * * 1 FlareEfficiency * Vol LFG Flared *% CH * CH m LFG m CH 18 kg CH N 2O Emisions P9 m CH kgn2o 0.98 * 29, 088 *0.8 * kgn2o m LFG * * Flare Efficiency* Vol LFG Flared *% CH * LFG EF m LFG m CH 0.67 kg P11 Flaring P1 Net Electricity Production / Usage Volume of LFG combusted in flare Average Methane Composition of LFG Methane Density Total Emissions from SSR Total Emissions from SSR Vol LFG Gen 0 Flare DailyAvgFlow * RunTime No Days % CH. Gen 0 Where: Day = 2 hours Flare AvgDailyFlowRate * Day N 2O AvgDailyCH Concentraion* AvgDailyFlowRate * Day Note: This value could also be calculated by doing a weighted average of the daily concentration values. P * M CH R * T Where: P = Pressure (Default 101,20 Pa) M = molecular weight of methane = kg/mol R = ideal gas constant = 8.1 (J/mol K) T = average temperature of LFG (Default 25 C = K) CO Emissions Vol * C H EF CH 1 N Vol 2 2 Vol Emissions CH 8 O Emisions CH 8 P11 * C H P11 FlareEfficiency * Vol LFG P11 * C H EF EF CH Flare Efficiency* Vol LFG 8 8 N 2O CH8 Emissions Electricity * Flare 8 Flare *% CH P1 EF Electricit y CO2 *% CH * CH * LFG EF N 2O m month m * hr hr %* m / hr* hr m / hr * hr % kg m kg Pa * mol ; J * K mol * K Where: J Pa * m kgco2 kgco2 L * L m kgch m LFG * m kgch L * L CH LFG kg * m m CH kg kgn2o m LFG * * m LFG m kgn2o L * L kgco2 e kgco2 e kwh* kwh CH CH N 2O CH N2O ( ,717 m (5%*88 * 2) (88 * 2) 52, , % ,20 * * kg/m 0.6 * kg 505 kg 1.85 kg CO2 CH N2O 79) * *79,717 *0.8 * (51%*88 * 2) (5%*18 * 2) (88 * 2) (18 * 2) (1 * 2) 0.98 *79,717 *0.8 *0.656 (8,021,529 2,59 kgco 2 e 5,790)* * * (7%*160 * 2) (160 * 2) The City of Calgary Page 2

37 SSR Parameter Equation Units Sample Calculation and Result Total Emission Baseline Emissions Baseline 2,26 (,75 * 21) Reductions Emissions CH Emissions *21 77,28 kg CO 2 e Project Emissions (CH (N 2 Emissions Electricit y Production Project Emissions O Emissions Net Electricit y Consumption On-SiteCo-Generation On-SiteCo-Generation CH N 2 WasteDecomposit ion Emissions O Emissions Flaring Flaring )*21 )*10 kgco e kg CH 2 kgco2 e * kg kgco e 2 CH kg N 2O kgco2 e * kg N 2O * 21 57,801 kgco e * * ,59 *10 2,59 Emission Reductions Total Emission Reductions Emissions Baseline Emissions Project kgco2 e kgco2 e kgco2 e 77,28 57, ,7 kgco 689 tco 2 e 2 e The City of Calgary Page

38 The sample calculation in Table 6- yields an emission reduction of 689 tonnes CO 2 e for the month of May Roll-Up Methodology From February 2006 to November 2008 the data logger collected data at minute intervals. Beginning in November 15 th, 2008 the collection frequency was adjusted to 0 second intervals. The interval data for flow rate and methane concentration is rolled-up into a daily average using a straight average calculation. The average daily flow is multiplied by 2 to calculate the daily volume of LFG collected. This volume is then multiplied by the daily average methane concentration to determine the volume of methane collected. Daily LFG volumes are summed to get a monthly total. Monthly totals multiplied are entered into the calculation spreadsheet where they are multiplied by the monthly weighted average methane concentration. Prior to July 2006 the data recorded by the data logger were lost as they were overwritten. Monthly summaries were compiled during the period between February 2006 and June 2006 using the same methodology described above and saved. These monthly summaries were used in the offset calculations. 6. Rounding of Values To determine the final value of the annual emission reduction, the values on the baseline side of the equation are rounded down to the nearest tonne and values on the project side of the equation are rounded up to the nearest tonne. This was determined to be the most conservative way of calculating a final emission reduction quantity. 6.5 Estimate of Total Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions Attributable for the Project The Project is estimated to result in approximately 8,000 t CO 2 e of emission reductions annually, or 6,000 to CO 2 e over the initial crediting period. The Project is estimated to generate emission reductions of relevant greenhouse gas species as shown in Table 6-5. Table 6-5 Estimate of Total Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions Project Crediting Period CO 2 (tco 2 e) CH (tco₂e) N 2 O (tco 2 e) CO 2 e (tco₂e) Total* (tco 2 e) , ,155 6,000 The City of Calgary Page

39 7 Monitoring Plan The following sections detail the monitoring plan for each parameter required for the quantification of emission reductions through data flow charts and tables. 7.1 Volume and Composition of LFG Combusted The volume of LFG combusted on-site is an important parameter for calculating the emissions from waste decomposition, which represents the largest source of emissions for the project. Source / Sink Identifier or Name B6 Waste Decomposition P9 On-Site Co-Generation P11 Flaring Data parameter Volume of LFG Combusted Estimation, Modeling, All measurements of LFG flow are taken automatically with Measurement or Calculation the FIT 102 and recorded by the PLC data logger. approaches Data Unit m Sources / Origin Direct metering of inlet gas flow rate through FIT 102. Monitoring Frequency Every minutes prior to November 15 th, 2008 and every 0 seconds afterwards Description and Justification of The flow rate data are captured by the FIT102 inlet flow Monitoring Method meter and recorded by the PLC data logger. This is the most accurate method of measuring this parameter. The meter location is a point upstream of the conditioning system and the controlled flare. The meter was calibrated to adjust for temperature, pressure, and gas composition. Uncertainty Medium. Although the meter has not been calibrated since initial installation, flare temperature and generator energy output can be used to detect material inconsistencies in the meter readings. Provide details for any deviations from the Protocol including the justification and rationale Metering of LFG takes place immediately before the connection to the conditioning system. Any fugitive emissions escaping from the system during the capture and transportation processes are excluded from the meter reading. There are no deviations from the Protocol. This method complies with the continuous metering described in Table 2. of the Protocol. The methane composition of the LFG is used to determine the amount of methane as a portion of the total LFG collected by the system. Source / Sink Identifier or Name B6 Waste Decomposition P9 On-Site Co-Generation P11 Flaring Data parameter Methane Composition in LFG Estimation, Modeling, Measurements are taken automatically with the AIT 202. The City of Calgary Page 5

40 Measurement or Calculation approaches Data Unit % Sources / Origin Direct analysis of inlet gas flow through AIT 202. Monitoring Frequency Every minutes prior to November 15 th, 2008 and every 0 seconds afterwards Description and Justification of Monitoring Method The methane content of the LFG is automatically measured by the AIT 202 gas analyzer. Methane content is recorded by the PLC data logger. Uncertainty Low. Site personnel use a manual device, the GEM 2000, to take samples and readings of LFG composition. This GEM 2000 is calibrated with gases prior to each use and readings are reconciled against those of the AIT 202. Provide details for any deviations from the Protocol including the justification and rationale There are no deviations from the Protocol. This method complies with the continuous metering described in Table 2. of the Protocol. The following data flow chart describes how the data for this parameter is collected and monitored. Figure 7-1: LFG Data Flow Diagram 7.2 Electricity Production and Usage Electricity is exported and imported at the site and emissions associated with these activities are accounted for under two parameters. The emissions from electricity consumption and production do not represent a significant portion of the overall offsets claim. Source / Sink Identifier or Name Data parameter Estimation, Modeling, Measurement or Calculation approaches Data Unit Sources / Origin Monitoring Frequency B10 Offset Fossil Fuel Use Electricity exported to the grid. Measurement using industry standard meter. MWh Direct measurement through ENMAX meter 5278 for AESO Asset ID CC02. Hourly. The City of Calgary Page 6

41 Description and Justification of Monitoring Method Uncertainty Provide details for any deviations from the Protocol including the justification and rationale AESO settlement data is the most accurate information related to net electricity exports as this information is governed by the Alberta Utility Commission s Settlement System Code which defines rules for measuring, monitoring, and verification of all settlement data submitted to the AESO. Generation data is communicated to the AESO through an automated data transfer protocol. ENMAX Energy collects generation data from revenue meters remotely every day to extract and store the interval data from the meter s internal recorder to a database managed by ENMAX and then transferred to the AESO daily. Very low. The use of a revenue class meter and third party billing data results in high quality data. There are no deviations from the Protocol. This method complies with the continuous metering described in Table 2. of the Protocol and industry standards. Source / Sink Identifier or Name P1 Net Electricity Production / Usage Data parameter Electricity imported from the grid. Estimation, Modeling, Measurement using industry standard meter. Measurement or Calculation approaches Data Unit kwh Sources / Origin Direct measurement through bi-directional meter 5278 and meter Monitoring Frequency Hourly. Description and Justification of The metering of electricity consumption is a standard and Monitoring Method well defined process of the electricity industry as the data has financial implications. Revenue class meters are governed under the Measurements Act of Canada. ENMAX Energy collects consumption data from revenue meters remotely every day to extract and store the interval data from the meter s internal recorder to a database managed by ENMAX for billing purposes. Uncertainty Provide details for any deviations from the Protocol including the justification and rationale Data is extracted from ENMAX through the Cognera Billing Information System to determine the quantity of electricity consumed on-site. The City of Calgary s Energy Management Office, a joint initiative between The City and ENMAX, produces monthly energy reports based on the ENMAX billing data. Very low. The use of a revenue class meter and third party billing data results in high quality data. There are no deviations from the Protocol. This method complies with industry standards. The City of Calgary Page 7

42 The following data flow chart describes how the data for this parameter is collected and monitored. Figure 7-2: Electricity Data Flow Diagram Definitions: SCADA Master The SCADA Master serves as a data concentrator for the Meter data collected by the AESO from remote terminal units. The remote data is collected via dedicated remote units for internet connections and for dial-up connections. Direct connections via modem or dedicated IP communications occur directly with the SCADA Master. AESO EMS System The AESO EMS system collects all the SCADA data and arranges it for use by various applications and systems that depend on the data. Data validation is done by the EMS system to ensure that the SCADA data is received correctly and reliably. Data Historian The data historian contains a record of selected SCADA data and system data for retrieval at a later date. COGNERA ENMAX billing information service provider AESO Historical Generation Reports Query System see AESO Electronic Tracking System website The City of Calgary Page 8