iogas-to-energy Methane-to-Market FCI Green Energy Applications Guide Emissions Measurement, Control & Reduction

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1 FCI Green Enery Applications Guide Specifyin Gas Flow Meters in Green Enery and Pollution Reduction Applications ioas-to-enery Emissions Measurement, Control & Reduction Greenhouse Gas Reduction Methane-to-Market Landfill Gas Recovery Bioas/Oranic Biomass Fermentation Systems Wastewater Treatment Plant Diester Gas Livestock and Dairy On-Farm Bioas Recovery Ethanol Production and Refinin Coal Mine Methane Recovery Biomass Gasification Flare Gas Measurement Flue Gas Monitorin

2 Specifyin Gas Flow Meters in Green Enery and Pollution Reduction Applications Fluid Components International (FCI) is a leadin manufacturer and pioneer in applyin thermal dispersion technoloy to as flow measurement. FCI has been supplyin as flow meter solutions for traditional and alternative enery process controls, as well as for pollution and environmental manaement applications for decades. FCI s Green Enery Applications Guide describes several applications where FCI flow meters, flow switches and level switches are typically installed. FCI customers use our products to optimize process performance, measure and report for reulatory aency compliance and capture accurate data for carbon tradin and reenhouse as reduction incentives and credits. There are many challenes to consider when specifyin flow meters, includin wet or dirty ases, mixed composition ases, potentially explosive as installations, widely variable flow rates and other unique application conditions. Evaluatin your specific application conditions can help you avoid implementin a poorly-desined system that creates excessive maintenance needs, may be danerous to operate, and may require costly re-enineerin. This uide is intended to provide you with a better understandin of these challenes and the flow meterin solutions FCI offers to obtain the hih performance and lon service life that you want. Detailed information and specifications for the products discussed in this uide can be downloaded from FCI s web site or by contactin your local FCI representative. CONTENTS Landfill Gas Measurement and Recovery...3 Bioas: Oranic Biomass Fermentation and Recovery...4 Wastewater Treatment Plant Diester Gas...5 On-Farm Methane, Bioas Recovery Systems...6 Ethanol Production and Refinin...7 Coal Mine Methane Recovery...8 Biomass Gasification...9 Flare Gas Flow Measurement, Monitorin and Leak Detection...10 Flue Gas Monitorin...11 FCI Gas Flow Measurement Solutions Overview...12 FCI is ISO 9001:2000 and AS9100 Certified Visit FCI on the Worldwide Web: Headquarters: 1755 La Costa Meadows Drive San Marcos, California USA Phone: Toll Free: Fax: European Office: Persephonestraat TT Tilbur, The Netherlands Phone: Fax:

3 Landfill Gas Measurement & Recovery Landfills produce a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide with traces of nitroen, oxyen and other ases. These ases are extracted from multiple wellheads and collected throuh a network of pipes to a common header pipe. Typical systems also involve blowers, pumps, knock-out pots and a flare or oxidizer. The collected reenhouse as may be disposed of or recovered as a fuel source for a co-eneration enine to produce electric power. Photo courtesy of LFG Specialties LFG Specialties is an industry leadin supplier of landfill as extraction and recovery systems. LFG installs FCI Model ST98 mass flow meters as the precision landfill as flow meter in its systems. The ST98 provides flow rate and totalized flow from each well to ensure continuous operation and optimal data collection. The ST98 was selected because of its ease of installation, aency approvals for installation in hazardous as locations (e.. Division 1) and because FCI can calibrate the ST98 to specifications for the mixed composition ases unique to landfill as applications. An accurate measurement of the landfill as flow throuh the system provides operators with information on the amount of as bein extracted for optimizin effectiveness, for reportin to environmental aencies and for carbon credit prorams. Accurate flow measurement requires performance under challenin application conditions such as: Mixed composition ases Wet and/or dirty as Potentially explosive installation environment Wide variations in flow rates Lare swins in as and ambient temperatures Lare pipe sizes Accurate and calibrated for mixed methane, landfill as composition Temperature compensation No movin parts to clo or foul in the presence of wet, dirty as Lowest cost and easiest to install in larer line sizes Wide turndown for accurate, repeatable measurement over wide flow rane Excellent low flow sensitivity Aency approved for use in Division 2 [Zone 2] and often Division 1 [Zone 1] hazardous environments Multi-function flow rate, totalized flow and temperature display outputs FCI thermal dispersion flow meters, in both insertion and in-line styles are the landfill recovery industry s most often selected solution and the preferred choice of the leadin landfill as collection and flare system manufacturers. With robust desins and a broad selection of product solutions that meet all of the criteria above it is easy to understand why FCI is the preferred solution. For line sizes larer than 2.5" [63 mm] Model ST51 Insertion Mass Flow Meter Model GF92 In-line Mass Flow Meter * FCI Model FLT93 switches provide level detection for Knock-Out Pot (KOP) applications. 3

4 Bioas: Oranic Biomass Fermentation and Recovery Klärastechnik Deutschland GmbH is a leadin enineerin desiner, manufacturer and installer of bioas and diester as processin systems headquartered in Germany. After extensive testin and evaluation of various flow meterin technoloies, Klärastechnik Deutschland GmbH selected and standardized FCI ST98 and ST51 flow meters for use within their as systems. Klärastechnik Deutschland GmbH found that FCI s no movin parts to plu or foul desin, low pressure drop, bioas-specific calibration, hot tap ball valve installation and aency safety approvals provided the best enineered and most economical solution. Additionally, with FCI s years of experience in bioas and diester as applications, installations and ability to provide lobal service support, Klärastechnik Deutschland GmbH was assured of deliverin the hihest level of satisfaction to their customers worldwide. Oranic industrial waste from food processin and slauhterhouses, food waste from restaurants and homes, manure collected from livestock, as well as enery crops can be diested in anerobic conditions in reactor tanks, also called fermentation towers. The output from this biomass diestion process is bioas, a mixture of methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), water and trace hydroen sulfide (H 2 S). The entire process involves as creation, cleansin, storae (tank or ba-type accumulator), and ultimately the use of bioas as a fuel source for heatin or eneratin electricity. A round flare is an interal part of the safety system for the process. Measurin bioas flow at several points in the system provides operators with critical information for optimal as production, control, safety and reportin. Bioas applications present several challenes in selectin the proper flow meter: Low flow sensitivity durin start-up and for seasonal chanes which produce lower flow rates Temperature compensation for correct readins in varyin temperatures Calibration for mixed as composition of CH 4 + CO 2 + trace ases Wet, dirty as with corrosive H 2 S content Potentially flammable or explosive as installation environment Easy, low cost installation and low maintenance Mass flow measurin of both rate and totalized flow No movin parts or small holes to clo or foul in dirty or wet as environments Bioas-specific calibration Low flow sensitivity, at least 0.6 FPS [0,2 m/s] and wide turn-down of 100:1 Pressure drop over flow element should be limited to 0.01Psi [1 mbar] All wetted parts resistant to H 2 S corrosion; minimum of 316L stainless steel Easy and safe removal under line pressure with simple ball valve System aency approvals for safe installation in Division 2 [Zone 2] or Division 1 [Zone 1] FCI ST Series thermal dispersion flow meters, in both insertion and in-line styles, are optimal for bioas flow measurement. In addition to meetin all of the key selection criteria above, FCI uses a constant power measurin technique that, because of a sliht heatin effect, actually dries condensate moisture off the sensor. This feature provides better performance and repeatability in moist bioas measurin applications. Where ever the installation alon the bioas system, FCI has successfully applied ST Series as flow meters. For line sizes larer than 2.5" [63 mm] Model ST51 Insertion Mass Flow Meter * FCI Model FLT93 switches provide level detection for Knock-Out Pot (KOP) and condensate pot applications. 4

5 Wastewater Treatment Plant Diester Gas In municipal and industrial Wastewater Treatment operations throuhout the world, FCI diester as flow meters are the industry s most installed solution. WWTP enineers have standardized FCI product use because they have been proven to deliver superior calibrated accuracy for diester ases. FCI s unique constant power technoloy delivers the most repeatable measurements and lowest maintenance solution. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) diester processes produce diester as, a combination of methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) with a small percentae of other trace ases. The as composition can vary with the process and temperature (e.. seasonally) but a typical averae is in the 65% (±5%) CH 4 35% (±5%) CO 2 rane. Diester as is also a wet and dirty as, typically containin entrained hydroen sulfides, which condense and deposit on pipe walls and anythin else in the pipe. Modern WWTP processes incorporate diester as flow measurement for: Data on diester process performance and control Compliance with environmental reulations to report, control and reduce reenhouse as emissions Data for reenhouse as reduction or carbon credits Process control of co-eneration systems usin diester as as fuel source FCI is also the WWTP industry s leadin supplier of thermal dispersion flow measurin instruments for aeration systems, as disinfection systems and pump flow assurance applications. No movin parts to clo or foul Simple threaded insertion for easy installation and easy wipe-off cleanin Wide turndown for accurate low and hih flow rate measurin Aency approved for use in Division 2 [Zone 2] and often Division 1 [Zone 1] hazardous environments Specifically calibrated for diester as compositions. Direct mass flow measurin Temperature compensated flow measurement for accuracy and repeatability in chanin ambient and process as temperatures. FCI has a broad selection of thermal dispersion flow meters to provide the most effective solution wherever diester as is measured. FCI flow meters for diester as applications meet all of the above criteria and feature robust electronics and industrial transmitters that provide the lonest service life in WWTP installations. For line sizes larer than 2.5 [63 mm] Model ST51 Insertion Mass Flow Meter Model GF92 In-line Mass Flow Meter 5

6 On-Farm Methane, Bioas Recovery Systems In addition to recoverin ases to be used as fuel for the facility, bioas farmin and ranchin operations are rewarded with incentives such as carbon offsets and credit tradin, clean enery development credits (CDM) and certified emission reduction (CER) prorams. Bos Farms and Fair Oaks Dairy Farms are innovative, major farm operations located in Indiana USA, utilizin FCI as flow meters in their bioas recovery systems. Decomposition of livestock waste and other aricultural operations are a major source of methane rich bioas bein harvested as fuel as. Rather than emit reenhouse ases into the environment, modern farm operations invest in a diester system to recover ases and reduce emissions. Recovered ases are used to fuel co-eneration enines to power the facility, and often excess power is sold to the local electric power rid. Clean enery development credits (CDM) and certified emission reduction (CER) prorams offer additional incentives to implement recovery systems. In all bioas recovery systems, measurin flow rate is required to ensure effective and efficient operation of the diester process as well as providin tanible evidence of saved emissions in order to receive credits and incentives. Bioas applications present several challenes in selectin the proper flow meter: Low flow sensitivity durin start-up, and for seasonal chanes which produce lower flow rates Temperature compensation for correct readins in varyin temperatures Calibration for mixed as composition of methane (CH 4 ) + carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) + trace ases Wet, dirty as with corrosive hydroen sulfide (H 2 S) content Accurate and calibrated for specific bioas composition Mass flow measurement (e.. lbs/hr, k/day, etc.) Low flow sensitivity, as low as 0.3 FPS [0.08 m/s] Wide ranin, 100:1 turndown Non-cloin, no movin parts for low maintenance No added pressure drop Approved for safe installation in explosive as environment system aency approvals for Division 1 [Zone 1, II2 GD Ex d IIC] FCI has the product line and more than 20 years of experience with thousands of installations to ensure that you will et the product and installation expertise you need for your application. FCI bioas flow meters combine patented thermal dispersion flow measurement technoloy, rued packain, bioas specific calibrations, simple installation, direct mass flow measurement, no movin parts and unequaled safety approvals on the entire instrument to brin you the most application effective, lowest installed cost and safest bioas flow meter solution. For line sizes larer than 2.5 [63 mm] Model ST51 Insertion Mass Flow Meter 6

7 Ethanol Production and Refinin ADM and Carill are two major producers and refiners of ethanol fuels and fuel additives who count on FCI mass flow meters to optimize their operations. Both companies have improved and optimized process combustion efficiency with the installation of FCI flow meters on air and natural as supplies. As costs of fossil fuels continue to climb and air pollution reduction reulations become more strinent, the production of ethanol fuel and fuel supplements rows. At the forefront of ethanol production is the need to continuously improve processes and reduce costs to maximize effectiveness and efficiency. Ethanol production is a distillation process which involves boilers. Efficiency is optimized with measurement and control of air-to-fuel mixtures/ratios. The process may also utilize catalytic or thermal oxidizers to reduce emissions of reenhouse ases or VOCs. Accurate air and as flow measurements in lare pipes or duct applications are challened by distorted flow profiles and swirls, varyin air temperatures, installation costs, and accessibility for maintenance. Measurin ases vented from the process can provide information about process inefficiencies or other problems. Further, measurement and reportin may be mandated by local air pollution reulations. Temperature compensated flow measurement for accuracy and repeatability in chanin ambient and process as temperatures Easy to install and cost effective in lare diameter pipes Non-cloin, no movin parts desin for low maintenance Wide turndown for accurate low and hih flow rate measurin Multi-parameter flow rate, totalized flow and temperature in a sinle device Calibration matched to specific as and application Multi-point sensin for accuracy in lare pipes, stacks and ducts with distorted and/or swirlin flow profiles Flow conditionin for limited straiht-run application FCI thermal dispersion, insertion mass flow meters in sinle-point and multi-point confiurations for lare line sizes and in-line styles for smaller line sizes provide cost effective and accurate enineerin solutions throuhout the ethanol process. In addition to meetin the above requirements, FCI flow meters feature robust transmitter electronics in rued enclosures for lon service life. For line sizes larer than 2.5 [63 mm] Models MT86 and MT91 Multi-point Insertion Mass Flow Meters Vortab Flow Conditioners Model GF92 In-line Mass Flow Meter Vortab Flow Conditioners * FCI Model FLT93 switches provide a level detection solution for slurry tanks. 7

8 Coal Mine Methane Recovery Global activity for coal mine methane recovery continues to row. Numerous projects and various technoloies are bein tested and deployed around the world to capture and utilize this methane as a fuel source. Whether to maximize the process or report actual methane captured, measurin methane flow is interal to ensurin the success of this process. FCI provides the accurate, reliable and safe flow meterin solution for flow rate and total flow. An emerin application ainin attention from stakeholders in minin operations and from environmentalists is coal mine methane recovery. It has been estimated that 8% of the world s anthropoenic methane air pollution is a by-product of coal minin. There are three major sources of coal mine methane (CMM): deasification systems (drainae) both pre-mine and ob; ventilation air (VAM); and abandon or closed mines. As technoloy, economics, environmental reulations and reenhouse as reduction incentives increase, this as is increasinly bein captured and used as a fuel source. Gas flow meters are required to comply with reulations, to ensure efficient operation of co-en enines or methane oxidizers, and to provide data for incentive credits. Dependin on the source application, concentration of methane in the extracted as can be as little as 1% (e.. VAM) to more than 20% in drainae systems. Other components in the as include air, carbon dioxide (CO 2) and/or nitroen (N 2 ) in various combinations dependin on the site and source. Therefore proper flow meter calibration matched to the actual as mix is critical for accurate performance. Additional considerations and challenes in this application include safe installation in an explosive atmosphere, low power consumption, low flow sensitivity and ease of installation in a variety of pipe sizes and locations. Aency approved for use in Division 1 [Zone 1] hazardous environment Specifically calibrated to match low concentration methane as composition Temperature compensated flow measurement for accuracy and repeatability in chanin ambient and as temperatures Easy to install Non-cloin, no movin parts desin for low maintenance Wide turndown for wide flow rane measurin and with low flow sensitivity Multi-parameter flow rate, totalized flow and temperature in a sinle device FCI thermal dispersion flow meters, in both insertion and in-line styles, are ideal for application in CMM recovery. They address all of the key criteria and solve the challenes of the application to provide an accurate, hihly repeatable and cost effective solution. FCI calibration laboratory ensures a meter calibration matched to as composition. FCI flow meters have lobal aency approvals on the complete instrument for installations in hazardous/explosive environments. For line sizes larer than 2.5 [63 mm] Model ST51 Insertion Mass Flow Meter Model GF92 In-line Mass Flow Meter 8

9 Biomass Gasification Whether updraft, downdraft, fluid-bed, circulatin fluidbed, entrained flow or other technoloies for biomass asification, FCI flow and level measurement solutions are installed throuhout the process for optimization and control. For accurate and efficient process control, biomass asification requires measurement and control of fuel, inlet air and measurement of the extract as (outlet). The biomass asification process produces a mixed composition as consistin primarily of hydroen (H 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) with trace methane (CH 4 ). The extracted as stream will also contain water, tar or ash, so typical systems include a separator tank to remove these elements. Biomass asification applications present several challenes in selectin the proper flow meter: Ease of installation in a variety of pipe sizes and locations Extracted as may be wet, dirty and/or heated Calibration for mixed as composition of hydroen (H 2 ) + carbon monoxide (CO) + methane (CH 4 ) Mass flow with limited pipe run to add pressure and temperature sensors Potentially flammable or explosive as installation environment Accurate and calibrated for mixed as composition Easy to install and cost effective in lare diameter pipes Non-cloin, no movin parts desin for low maintenance Wide turndown for wide rane flow measurement Safe for use in potentially explosive as installation environment Direct mass flow measurement FCI thermal dispersion flow meters in an insertion-style or in-line confiuration provide cost effective and accurate enineerin solutions. In addition to meetin all of the above requirements FCI flow meters have comprehensive aency approvals for hazardous locations and feature robust transmitter electronics in rued enclosure. For line sizes larer than 2.5 [63 mm] Model ST51 Insertion Mass Flow Meter In systems with separators, the separated elements are often a mixture of water, suspended mass and other elements. When stored in a tank this often creates a combination of non-miscible fluids which can cause erroneous level readins resultin in over-fillin or under-fillin the tank. * FCI Model FLT93 level switches provide accurate detection of level in the presence of mixed liquids and when applied as an interface sensor, can sense between liquids, foams and slurries. 9

10 Flare Gas Flow Measurement, Monitorin & Leak Detection You will find FCI flow meters installed throuhout flarin systems around the world. Refineries, both chemical and petrochemical, have applied FCI flow meters as part of their process control, alarm, leak detection, and emissions monitorin and reportin systems. These companies include Dow, BP, ConocoPhillips, Chevron, Motiva, Shell, Aramco, Valero, Total, Petrobras, Pemex, Sinopec, and more. Flarin systems are used to burn-off waste or off-ases in both normal and upset process conditions. Many processes are outfitted with relief valves to safely vent process ases to the flare system under upset conditions. Flare systems can be a simple sinle pipe run or a complex series of feeder and header pipes. All flares are hihly scrutinized as a source of air pollution and often subjected to strinent reulation to measure, record and report the amount of flared ases and to show continuous improvement to reduce the amount produced. Flare as applications present several challenes in selectin the proper flow meter: Both low flow and hih flow conditions low flow sensitivity is critical to capture leakin relief valves, while very hih flows occur in upset conditions Mixed ases flow meter calibration specifically for hydrocarbon mixed composition ases that match process conditions Installation ease and maintenance b b a d b b c Accurate and calibrated for mixed composition ases Multiple calibrations for variations in composition Mass flow measurement Wide turndown for both low flow and hih flow rate a) FCI GF03 or GF90 Main Header Flare Flow Meter b) FCI GF90 or ST98 Flow Meters c) FCI FLT, Nutec TM Series Level Detection, Valve Actuatin Alarms d) FCI FLT, Nutec TM, RF Series Wet/Dry Interface Detection Switches Easy to install, sinle penetration Non-cloin, no movin parts desin for low maintenance Safe for use in potentially explosive as installation environment FCI thermal dispersion flow meters in an insertion-style confiuration provide the preferred enineerin solution. In addition to meetin all of the above requirements, FCI flow meters have comprehensive aency approvals for hazardous locations, feature robust transmitter electronics in rued enclosure, hot-tap installation options, and VeriCal an industry exclusive in-situ calibration verification option. Additionally, these FCI flow meters are direct mass flow measurin so that unlike volumetric flow techniques, there are no additional sensors to be purchased or installed to obtain mass flow. For line sizes larer than 2.5" [63 mm] Model GF03 Insertion Mass Flow Meter up 1000:1 turndown and three calibrations, VeriCal option 10

11 Flue Gas Monitorin Flue ases are exhausted from many processes includin metals operations, chemical, food processin, petroleum processin, pharmaceutical productions, paper plants, power plants and boilers. FCI s sinle- or multi-point flow meters offer accurate and cost effective solutions to flue as measurement. Companies utilizin FCI flow meters for flue as applications include US Steel, Kraft Foods, Georia-Pacific, Dupont, Rohm & Haas, Shijiazhuan Refinery, ELF Atochem, Kemirea Piments, Fundia Wire, Noranda Minin, and Foster-Wheeler Enery, amon others. Flue ases are the eneral name iven to the mixed composition ases that are the by-product of a combustion process. A flue is typically a lare pipe, duct, stack, chimney or other ventin attached to a process system such as a boiler, furnace, steam enerator, oven, etc. throuh which waste flue ases are exhausted from the combustion process. Dependin on the process, the fuel used and efficiency, flue ases can consist of nitroen, carbon dioxide, trace amounts of oxyen and water vapor, and environmentally sensitive pollutants such as sulfur oxides, nitroen oxide, carbon monoxide and particulates. In addition to measurin the flow of flue ases for process control data, reportin is often mandated by environmental and reional air quality reulations. Flue as applications present several challenes in selectin the proper flow meter: Mixed composition ases Wet, hot and/or dirty ases Lare and difficult to access pipes Wide flow rane and distorted, swirlin flow profiles Accurate and calibrated for mixed composition ases Low cost installation in lare diameter pipes Sinle-point and multi-point solutions Mass flow measurement Non-cloin, no movin parts desin for low maintenance Wide turndown for wide rane flow measurement Remote mountable transmitter/electronics Temperature compensation FCI thermal dispersion insertion flow meters provide a cost effective and accurate solution to flue as flow measurement. These flow meters are desined to overcome the unique challenes of flue as measurement and meet all of the above criteria. For line sizes up to 30 inches [760 mm], FCI sinle-point meters are typically applied. For larer line sizes, FCI multi-point systems provide up to 16 sensors to achieve flow averain in lare cross-sectional areas. Additionally, these FCI flow meters are direct mass flow measurin so that unlike volumetric flow techniques, there are no additional sensors to be purchased or installed to obtain mass flow. For line sizes larer than 2.5" [63 mm] Models MT86 and MT91 Multi-point Insertion Mass Flow Meters 11

12 FCI Thermal Dispersion Gas Flow Meters Experience and expertise Larest installed base in environmental and reenhouse as applications Superior flow meter calibrations On-the-premises NIST certified flow laboratory Actual as and process condition calibrations Mixed as composition calibration Most extensive and comprehensive aency approvals for hazardous as installations Global approvals (FM, ATEX, IEC, CSA, NEPSI, CPA, GOST/RTN, and more) Complete instrument approvals: Enclosure, electronics, sensor and seals Global sales and post-sale service support Field service Local repair and recalibration depot service Installation and start-up assistance Local sales and application enineerin in more than 60 countries Product selection to optimize flow meter for your application Sinle-point and multi-point solutions Line sizes from 1/4" [6 mm] to 33' [10 m] diameter stacks Analo and diital communications bus outputs Multi-function flow, total flow and temperature Sinle or multiple outputs Interal and remote mountin Gas temperatures to 850 F [454 C] Widest selection of process connections available Exclusive provider of Vortab flow conditioners ST51 ST51 is a compact, accurate, easy to install solution for measurin bioases, diester ases, methane and natural as flow. ST98/ ST98L ST98 and ST98L combine hih-performance measurement, an extensive selection of options and the widest selection of as calibrations. GF90 Series MT86 / MT91 Series ST75 FLT93 Series GF90 and GF92 offer an extensive feature suite and FCI s patented VeriCal TM In-Situ Calibration Verification System. MT86 and MT91 multipoint flow measurin systems can be confiured with two (2) to sixteen (16) flow sensin elements to optimize measurements in the larest pipe and duct sizes. ST75 is an in-line meter with extensive standard features that is the economical, easyto-specify alternative to other maintenance intensive flow technoloies. FLT93 Series is a robust and flexible line of flow/level/ temperature switches for liquid, as and slurry applications. Locally Represented By: Visit FCI on the Worldwide Web: Headquarters: 1755 La Costa Meadows Drive San Marcos, California USA Phone: Toll Free: Fax: European Office: Persephonestraat TT Tilbur, The Netherlands Phone: Fax: FCI is ISO 9001:2000 and AS9100 Certified AG_GreenEnery_1108 0K Copyriht 2008 by Fluid Components International LLC. All rihts reserved. Manufactured in accordance with one or more of the followin patents: US Patent Numbers: 4,929,088, 4,967,593, 4,981,368, 4,994,780, 5,111,692, 5,600,528, 5,780,737, 5,913,250, 6,208,254, 6,340,243, 6,628,202, 6,843,110, China Patent Number: ZL FCI is a reistered trademark of Fluid Components International LLC. Information subject to chane without notice.