exponents order of operations expression base scientific notation SOL 8.1 Represents repeated multiplication of the number.

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1 SOL 8.1 exponents order of operations expression base scientific notation Represents repeated multiplication of the number Defines the order in which operations are performed to simplify an expression. A word used to designate any symbolic mathematical phrase that may contain numbers and/or variables. Expressions do not contain an equal sign The number that is multiplied in a power A method used to write very large and very small numbers using the product of a number that is at least one but less than ten and a power of ten.

2 SOL 8.2 counting number {1, 2, 3, 4,...} natural number {1, 2, 3, 4,...} irrational number A number that cannot be expressed as an integer or the quotient of integers. rational number A number that can be expressed as a fraction in the form a/b where a and b do not equal zero real number The set of all rational and irrational numbers repeating decimal A decimal whose digits repeat in groups of one or more subset Includes real numbers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, integers, whole numbers, and natural numbers.

3 SOL 8.2 (continued) terminating decimal A decimal whose digits end. Every terminating decimal can be written as a fraction with a denominator of 10, 100, 1,000, and so on. whole number The set of all the natural numbers and zero: {0, 1, 2, 3, } integer The set of whole numbers and their opposites { -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,..}

4 SOL 8.3 debit A deduction from an amount of money deposit An addition that increases an amount of money discount A percentage of the original price. The discount is the original price minus the discount. interest The amount of money paid or earned for the use of money markup percent decrease Percent increase The amount the price of an item is increased above the price the store paid for the item The rate of decline. It will have a negative result when calculated using Change 100 original Determines the rate of growth. It will have a positive result when calculated (new original) using 100 original

5 SOL 8.3 (continued) Percent of change The percent that a quantity increases or decreases principal The amount of money invested or borrowed ratio A comparison of two numbers by division rate A ratio of two measurements having different units rate of change A rate that describes how one quantity changes in relation to another scale The ratio of a given length on a drawing or model to its corresponding length in reality unit rate A rate with a denominator of 1

6 replacement value substitute SOL 8.4 The number that replaces the variables in an algebraic expression Replace one variable in one equation with an expression derived from the other equation SOL 8.5 perfect square principal square root radical sign Rational number whose square root is a whole number A positive square root The symbol used to indicate a nonnegative square root base The value used as a factor as many times as given by the exponent exponent The value that tells how many times the base is used as a factor

7 SOL 8.6 complementary angles supplementary angles Any two angles such that the sum of their measures is 90 degrees Any two angles such that the sum of their measures is 180 degrees vertical angles The opposite angles formed by two intersecting lines - angles are congruent adjacent angles Any two angles that share a common side and a common vertex. reflex angle An angle that measures more than 180 congruent Having the same measure

8 SOL 8.7 pyramid A polyhedron with a base that is a polygon and other faces that are triangles with a common vertex radius The distance from the center of a circle to any point on the circle surface area The sum of the areas of all the faces of a three-dimensional figure volume The number of cubic units needed to fill the space occupied by a solid cone cylinder A geometric solid whose base is a circle and whose side is a surface composed of line segments connecting points on the base to a fixed point, the vertex, not on the base A solid whose bases are congruent, parallel circles, connected with a curved side

9 diameter The distance across a circle through its center prism A polyhedron with two parallel, congruent faces called bases lateral area of a pyramid lateral area of a cone The sum of the areas of the triangular faces The area of the surface connecting the base with the vertex and is equal to r l vertex The point of intersection of 2 or more line segments attribute A characteristic of a figure

10 SOL 8.8 dilation A transformation that changes the size of a figure by a scale factor to create a similar figure reflection A flip of a geometric figure across a line rotation transformation A turn of a geometric figure around a fixed point. The rotation can be made clockwise or counterclockwise. A mapping of a geometric figure translation A slide of a geometric figure in which all the points on the figure move the same distance in the same direction

11 SOL 8.10 hypotenuse The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle legs The two sides of a right triangle that form the right angle Pythagorean Theorem Pythagorean triple In a right triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse c is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs a and b. c 2 = a 2 + b 2 A set of three integers that satisfy the Pythagorean Theorem right angle An angle that measure 90 degrees right triangle A triangle having one right angle

12 SOL 8.11 area The amount of space taken up in a plane by a figure perimeter The distance around a polygon

13 SOL 8.12 probability theoretical probability experimental probability The ration of the desired outcomes to the total number of possible outcomes Probability based on known characteristics or facts An estimated probability based on the relative frequency of positive outcomes occurring during an experiment simple event A specific outcome or type of outcome compound event independent events dependent events An event which consists of two or more simple events Two or more events in which the outcome of one event does not affect the outcome of the other event(s) Two or more events in which the outcome of one event does affect the outcome of the other event(s)

14 SOL 8.13 histogram circle graph bar graph A bar chart representing a frequency distribution; heights of the bars represent observed frequencies A type of statistical graph used to compare parts of a whole. The entire represents the whole. A graphic form using bars to make comparisons of statistics picture graph A graphic form using pictures to make comparisons of statistics line graph frequency distribution box-and-whisker plot Scatterplot A type of statistical graph using lines to show how values change over a period of time. Shows how often an item, a number, or a range of numbers occurs A diagram that summarizes data using the median, the upper and lower quartiles, and the extreme values. A box is drawn around the quartile values and whiskers extend from each quartile to the extreme data points. Illustrates the relationship between two sets of data. It consists of points.

15 SOL 8.14 function A relation in which there is one and only one second member (range) for each first member (domain) function table nonlinear function quadratic function relation A table of values in which a unique value is assigned to the second variable (range) for each value of the first variable (domain.) A function that does not have a constant rate of change. The graph of a nonlinear function is not a straight line. A function in the second degree; any function that an be described by an equation of the form y=ax 2 +bx+c, where a 0 Any set of ordered pairs discrete function Continuous function Graph which has separate, distinct points that are not connected by a line In a graph of this function every point in the domain can be interpreted so it is possible to connect the points with a line. (A linear equation is an example of this type of function.

16 SOL 8.15 additive identity The sum of an addend and zero is zero. a + 0 = 0 + a = a associative property (x, +) commutative property (x, +) The way in which three numbers are grouped when they are added or multiplied does not change their sum or product. The order in which two numbers are added or multiplied does not change their sum or product. distributive property multiplicative identity To multiply a sum by a number, multiply each addend of the sum by the number outside the parenthesis. The product of a factor and one is the factor. a 1 = 1 a = a

17 SOL 8.16 input The independent (x) value of a function linear equation An equation in two variables whole graph is a line. (The independent variable is limited to the first power.) linear function Function in the first degree whose graph is a line ordered pair (x,y) A pair of numbers used to locate a point in the coordinate plane. The ordered pair is written in this form (x-coordinate, y-coordinate.) output The value of the dependent variable of a function x Variable commonly used for the domain, independent variable, or the input of a function y Variable commonly used for the range, dependent variable, or the output of a function

18 coordinate plane SOL 8.16 (continued) Another name for the coordinate system which is formed by the intersection of two number lines that meet at right angles at their zero points SOL 8.17 domain The set of input values in a function range The set of output values in a function dependent variable The variable for the output of a function independent variable The variable for the input of a function.