The Central Nervous System

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The Central Nervous System"

Transcription

1 The Central Nervous System The Brain & Spinal Cord Chapter 13

2

3

4 Meninges

5 20 days 28 days 35 days

6 Forebrain telencephalon (cerebrum - the cerebral hemispheres) diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus) Midbrain mesencephalon (tubular, upper brain stem) Hindbrain metencephalon (pons,, cerebellum) myelencephalon (medulla oblongata, lowest part of brain stem)

7 Cerebrum (telencephalon( telencephalon) 85% of brain mass Function(s): perceive information, direct motor responses, memory, center of intellect, language, consciousness Cerebrum is subdivided by convolutions into itself.

8 Sulcus grooves or depressions Fissure deep sulci Gyrus rounded elevations

9 Longitudinal fissure divides cerebrum into the R and L hemispheres. Transverse fissure separates cerebrum from cerebellum Central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe. Transverse fissure Precentral gyrus voluntary movement Postcentral gyrus - pain

10 Lobes of the Cerebrum Frontal somatomotor functions (voluntary movement), intellectual functions, aggression, sexual behavior, olfaction, motor area, Broca s area of speech (on left side only; coordinates speech muscles) Parietal abstract reasoning (mathematics), use of symbols for communication ( language( language ), body sensory awareness including taste, touch, temperature, pressure, pain Occipital vision visual cortex, receives, interprets and discriminates visual stimuli from the optic tract. Temporal auditory area auditory cortex,, formation of emotions, memory processing.

11 Lateral view Medial view

12 Cerebral Cortex Gray matter unmyelinated,, outer surface (2-5 5 mm thick). Contains 75% of nueron cell bodies. Follows the sulci, gyri and fissures of cerebrum. White matter located under cortex, comprises bulk of cerebrum. Consists of bundles of myelinated nerve fibers.

13 White matter 2 major types of white matter fibers Commissures tracts of fibers connecting left and right hemispheres, largest is the corpus collosum.. This tract covers both hemispheres and is roofing over the lateral ventricles. Association fibers bundles of white matter that connect anterior and posterior cortical area.

14 Projection fibers connects cortical area with lower brain and spinal cord. Sensory input reaches cortex through these fibers. Thalamus and cortex communicates by this pathway. Forms corona radiata.

15 Projection fibers corona radiata is largest mass of white matter in brain. Basal nuclei (ganglia) are areas of gray matter buried deep in white matter. Help regulate and coordinate aspects of movement, especially starting and stopping voluntary movement. Also regulates the intensity of movements. Parkinson s s Disease basal nuclei provide too little motor drive, slow movement/tremors ors of limbs. Huntington s s Disease overstimulation of the motor drive, limbs jerk unstoppably.

16 Ventricles expansions of the brain s central cavity filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Lateral ventricles lie in cerebral hemispheres. Third ventricle lies in diencephalon. Fourth ventricle lies in hindbrain. Cerebral aqueduct lies in mesencephalon. Connection for 3 rd and 4 th ventricles.

17 Cerebrospinal Fluid A clear, largely acellular fluid with less density and protein than plasma. Provides shock-absorbing function. About 150 ml. Excess production of CSF or lack of drainage can cause hydrocephaly. CSF is secreted by specialized capillaries from the pia mater called choroid plexuses.

18 Route of Circulation I and II ventricles to the III ventricle to the IV ventricle to the spinal cord and subarachnoid space. CSF is reabsorbed in arachnoid villi into the blood filled superior sagitall sinus (dural sinus).

19 Diencephalon forms the central core of the forebrain and is surrounded by the e cerebral hemispheres. Consists of 3 paired structures (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus. Thalamus egg shaped, dense gray matter, forms superolateral wall of 3 rd ventricle. 12 major nuclei with axons that reach the cortex. Processes all incoming impulses from sensory pathways (except olfactory). gateway to cerebral cortex

20 Diencephalon forms the central core of the forebrain and is surrounded by the e cerebral hemispheres. Consists of 3 paired structures (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus) Epithalamus secretes melatonin which induces sleep. Hypothalamus controls autonomic nervous system, emotional response, behavior, endocrine system. Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst sensations, sations, sleep-wake cycles. Formation of memory. Epithalamus

21 The Brain Stem midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. Midbrain (mesencephalon) short section between diencephalon and pons.. Acts as a relay center between forebrain and hindbrain. Cerebral aqueduct passes through here. Pons (part of metencephalon) relay of impulses to and from the medulla oblongata and the cerebrum and between cerebrum to cerebellum.

22 The Brain Stem midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. Medulla oblongata (myelencephalon) continuation of the superior portion of the spinal cord and forms the inferior part of the brain stem. Begins at foramen f magnum continues superior. Contains all ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) white matter tracts that connect the spinal cord with the brain.

23 medulla oblongata: : Vital and non-vital body functions. Vital Functions respiration center (pattern and rate), cardiac center (rate and force), vasomotor center (blood vessel diameter, blood pressure regulation by smooth muscle stimulation or inhibition). Non-vital Functions sneezing, coughing, vomiting, swallowing, hiccuping.. Many of these are controlled by the hypothalamus.

24 The Brain Stem midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. Axons cross over (R and L) such that the right cerebral cortex controls c muscles on the left side, etc.

25 Cerebellum (metencephalon) 2 nd largest portion of brain. Located below occipital lobe, posterior to pons.. Made up of 2 lateral hemispheres, gray matter at surface and deep white matter.

26 Cerebellum (metencephalon) Functions are equilibrium and position sense, fine movement, control of muscle tone and overall coordination of muscular activity in response to proprioreceptive input (coordinates antagonistic muscles).

27 The Spinal Cord

28 Basic structure of the spinal cord in cross section. 2 median grooves: A deep anterior median fissure and a shallow posterior median sulcus.. These extend length of cord forming lateral halves. posterior median sulcus anterior median fissure DRAW!

29 The basic structures of the spinal cord show lateral symmetry, with w white matter on the outside and gray matter on the inside. posterior median sulcus White matter Gray matter anterior median fissure

30 Gray matter ( butterfly )) consists of neuron cell bodies, synapses, nonmyelinated neurons (interneurons( interneurons,, neurons that connect sensory and motor neurons that acts as a reflex processor). posterior median sulcus White matter Gray matter anterior median fissure

31 Gray matter: Ventral Horn (anterior horn) contains cell bodies of motor neurons. Motor information out through axons that leave the ventral root. posterior median sulcus White matter Gray matter Ventral horn anterior median fissure

32 Gray matter: Dorsal Horn (posterior horn) contains interneurons.. Receives sensory input from sensing neurons whose cell bodies lie in the dorsal root r ganglia and axons enter the dorsal root. posterior median sulcus Dorsal horn White matter Gray matter Ventral horn anterior median fissure

33 Gray matter: Gray commissure horizontal bar connecting the wings of the gray matter. Connects right and left sides. posterior median sulcus Dorsal horn White matter Gray matter Gray comminsure Ventral horn anterior median fissure

34 Gray matter: Lateral horn smaller lateral protrusion found in thoracic and lumbar levels only. Autonomic motor neurons to smooth and cardiac muscle, and glands. posterior median sulcus Dorsal horn White matter Gray matter Lateral horn Gray comminsure Ventral horn anterior median fissure

35 Central canal continuous with ventricles of brain and contains spinal fluid. Canal disappears before adulthood. posterior median sulcus Dorsal horn White matter Gray matter Lateral horn Gray comminsure Central canal Ventral horn anterior median fissure

36 White columns (matter) consists mostly of myelinated neurons. Divided by gray matter in three distinct regions (anterior, posterior, lateral l funiculi) that contain longitudinal bundles of nerve fibers (axons). posterior median sulcus Dorsal horn White matter Gray matter Lateral horn Gray comminsure Central canal Ventral horn anterior median fissure

37 White columns (matter) Ascending tract sensory (afferent) into to brain. Pain relief? Descending tracts motor (efferent) info from brain to muscles/glands. Ascending tracts (senory in) posterior median sulcus Dorsal horn White matter Gray matter Lateral horn Gray comminsure Central canal Descending tracts (motor out) anterior median fissure Ventral horn

38 Direction of movement of messages: Gray matter horizontal White matter - vertical Ascending tracts (senory in) posterior median sulcus Dorsal horn White matter Gray matter Lateral horn Gray comminsure Central canal Descending tracts (motor out) anterior median fissure Ventral horn

2401 : Anatomy/Physiology

2401 : Anatomy/Physiology Dr. Chris Doumen Week 7 2401 : Anatomy/Physiology The Brain Central Nervous System TextBook Readings Pages 431 through 435 and 463-467 Make use of the figures in your textbook ; a picture is worth a thousand

More information

Nervous System Organization. PNS and CNS. Nerves. Peripheral Nervous System. Peripheral Nervous System. Motor Component.

Nervous System Organization. PNS and CNS. Nerves. Peripheral Nervous System. Peripheral Nervous System. Motor Component. Nervous System Organization PNS and CNS Chapters 8 and 9 Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) connects CNS to sensory receptors, muscles and glands Central Nervous System (CNS) control/integrating center brain

More information

THE BRAIN AND CRANIAL NERVES

THE BRAIN AND CRANIAL NERVES THE BRAIN AND CRANIAL NERVES The Brain - made up of a trillion neurons - weighs about 3 lbs - has four principle parts 1. Brain stem - medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain (mesencephalon) 2. Diencephalon

More information

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Sensory Pathway (PNS) OVERVIEW OF SPINAL CORD ANATOMY OF THE SPINAL CORD FUNCTIONS OF THE SPINAL CORD

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Sensory Pathway (PNS) OVERVIEW OF SPINAL CORD ANATOMY OF THE SPINAL CORD FUNCTIONS OF THE SPINAL CORD CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Central nervous system (CNS) brain and spinal cord enclosed in bony coverings Functions of the spinal cord spinal cord reflexes integration ti (summation of inhibitory and excitatory)

More information

Student Academic Learning Services Page 1 of 8 Nervous System Quiz

Student Academic Learning Services Page 1 of 8 Nervous System Quiz Student Academic Learning Services Page 1 of 8 Nervous System Quiz 1. The term central nervous system refers to the: A) autonomic and peripheral nervous systems B) brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves

More information

BIO130 Chapter 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves Lecture Outline

BIO130 Chapter 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves Lecture Outline BIO130 Chapter 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves Lecture Outline Brain structure 1. Cerebrum Hemispheres: left & right Cerebral cortex Gyri Sulci Fissures Longitudinal fissure Corpus callosum Lobes Central

More information

Nervous System: PNS and CNS

Nervous System: PNS and CNS Nervous System: PNS and CNS Biology 105 Lecture 10 Chapter 8 Outline I. Central Nervous System vs Peripheral Nervous System II. Peripheral Nervous System A. Somatic Nervous System B. Autonomic Nervous

More information

Nervous System sensor input integration motor output sensory organs central nervous system

Nervous System sensor input integration motor output sensory organs central nervous system Nervous System Nervous system performs three overlapping functions of sensor input, integration, and motor output. This process is generally the same even at a very primitive level of nervous system, but

More information

CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS SYSTEM II: DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OBJECTIVES: 1. Outline the major divisions of the nervous system.

CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS SYSTEM II: DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OBJECTIVES: 1. Outline the major divisions of the nervous system. CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS II: DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS OBJECTIVES: 1. Outline the major divisions of the nervous system. NERVOUS CENTRAL NERVOUS (BRAIN & SPINAL CORD) (INTERNEURONS) PERIPHERAL NERVOUS (CRANIAL

More information

Sheep Brain Dissection

Sheep Brain Dissection Sheep Brain Dissection http://www.carolina.com/product/preserved+organisms/preserved+animals+%28mammal s%29/sheep+organs/preserved+sheep+dissection.do Michigan State University Neuroscience Program Brain

More information

Human Neuroanatomy. Grades 9-12. Driving Question: How did the evolution of the human brain impact the structure and function it has today?

Human Neuroanatomy. Grades 9-12. Driving Question: How did the evolution of the human brain impact the structure and function it has today? Human Neuroanatomy Grades 9-12 Driving Question: How did the evolution of the human brain impact the structure and function it has today? Objectives: Students will be able to Describe the basic parts and

More information

Chapter 7: The Nervous System

Chapter 7: The Nervous System Chapter 7: The Nervous System I. Organization of the Nervous System Objectives: List the general functions of the nervous system Explain the structural and functional classifications of the nervous system

More information

Lab Exercise 9. Nervous Tissue. Brain. Cranial Nerves. Spinal Cord. Spinal Nerves

Lab Exercise 9. Nervous Tissue. Brain. Cranial Nerves. Spinal Cord. Spinal Nerves Lab Exercise 9 Nervous Tissue Brain Cranial Nerves Spinal Cord Spinal Nerves Textbook Reference: See Chapter 11 for histology of nerve tissue and spinal cord See Chapter 12 for brain and spinal cord anatomy

More information

Parts of the Brain. Chapter 1

Parts of the Brain. Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Parts of the Brain Living creatures are made up of cells. Groups of cells, similar in appearance and with the same function, form tissue. The brain is a soft mass of supportive tissues and nerve

More information

Adapted from Human Anatomy & Physiology by Marieb and Hoehn (9 th ed.)

Adapted from Human Anatomy & Physiology by Marieb and Hoehn (9 th ed.) BRAIN ANATOMY Adapted from Human Anatomy & Physiology by Marieb and Hoehn (9 th ed.) The anatomy of the brain is often discussed in terms of either the embryonic scheme or the medical scheme. The embryonic

More information

What role does the nucleolus have in cell functioning? Glial cells

What role does the nucleolus have in cell functioning? Glial cells Nervous System Lab The nervous system of vertebrates can be divided into the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which contains nerves,

More information

Chapter 9 Nervous System

Chapter 9 Nervous System Chapter 9 Nervous System Nervous System function: The nervous system is composed of neurons and neuroglia. at the ends of peripheral nerves gather information and convert it into nerve impulses. When sensory

More information

3) Cerebral Cortex & Functions of the 4 LOBES. 5) Cranial Nerves (Nerves In the Cranium, i.e., Head)

3) Cerebral Cortex & Functions of the 4 LOBES. 5) Cranial Nerves (Nerves In the Cranium, i.e., Head) Lecture 5 (Oct 8 th ): ANATOMY and FUNCTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Lecture Outline 1) Basic Divisions (CNS vs. PNS, Somatic vs. Autonomic) and Directional Terms 2) The Brain (Hindbrain/ Midbrain/ Forebrain)

More information

Vocabulary & General Concepts of Brain Organization

Vocabulary & General Concepts of Brain Organization Vocabulary & General Concepts of Brain Organization Jeanette J. Norden, Ph.D. Professor Emerita Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Course Outline Lecture 1: Vocabulary & General Concepts of Brain

More information

THE BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, AND CRANIAL NERVES

THE BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, AND CRANIAL NERVES THE BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, AND CRANIAL NERVES I. BRAIN ANATOMY A. Meninges (coverings) of the brain and spinal cord (Fig. [13.120 p. 452 [457]) Use text illustrations to study these. Note that the singular

More information

1. Which of the following is NOT part of the diencephalon? a. Pineal gland b. Tectum c. Interthalamic adhesion d. Hypothalamus e.

1. Which of the following is NOT part of the diencephalon? a. Pineal gland b. Tectum c. Interthalamic adhesion d. Hypothalamus e. 1. Which of the following is NOT part of the diencephalon? a. Pineal gland b. Tectum c. Interthalamic adhesion d. Hypothalamus e. Thalamus 2. The is the primary relay station for sensory information coming

More information

Function (& other notes)

Function (& other notes) LAB 8. ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN In this exercise you each will map the human brain both anatomy and function so that you can develop a more accurate picture of what s going on in your head :-) EXTERNAL

More information

BIOL 1108 Vertebrate Anatomy Lab

BIOL 1108 Vertebrate Anatomy Lab BIOL 1108 Vertebrate Anatomy Lab This lab explores major organs associated with the circulatory, excretory, and nervous systems of mammals. Circulatory System Vertebrates are among the organisms that have

More information

Sheep Brain Dissection Picture Guide

Sheep Brain Dissection Picture Guide Sheep Brain Dissection Picture Guide Figure 1: Right Hemisphere of Sheep s Brain Figure 2: Underside of Sheep s Brain Figure 3: Saggital cut of Sheep s Brain to reveal subcortical structures Figure 4:

More information

Chapter 3 The Anatomy of the Nervous System

Chapter 3 The Anatomy of the Nervous System Chapter 3 The Anatomy of the Nervous System Systems, Structures, and Cells That Make Up Your Nervous System 1 General Layout of the Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain (in the skull) Spinal

More information

Chapter 7: The Nervous System

Chapter 7: The Nervous System Chapter 7: The Nervous System Objectives Discuss the general organization of the nervous system Describe the structure & function of a nerve Draw and label the pathways involved in a withdraw reflex Define

More information

DISSECTION OF THE SHEEP'S BRAIN

DISSECTION OF THE SHEEP'S BRAIN DISSECTION OF THE SHEEP'S BRAIN Introduction The purpose of the sheep brain dissection is to familiarize you with the threedimensional structure of the brain and teach you one of the great methods of studying

More information

Chapter 9 - Nervous System

Chapter 9 - Nervous System Chapter 9 - Nervous System 9.1 Introduction (p. 215; Fig. 9.1) A. The nervous system is composed of neurons and neuroglia. 1. Neurons transmit nerve impulses along nerve fibers to other neurons. 2. Nerves

More information

Brain Matters: Brain Anatomy

Brain Matters: Brain Anatomy 1 : Brain Anatomy Lesson Overview Students share what they already know about brain structure and function, and then, guided by descriptions of brain regions explore the G2C Online 3-D Brain to learn more

More information

3. The neuron has many branch-like extensions called that receive input from other neurons. a. glia b. dendrites c. axons d.

3. The neuron has many branch-like extensions called that receive input from other neurons. a. glia b. dendrites c. axons d. Chapter Test 1. A cell that receives information and transmits it to other cells via an electrochemical process is called a(n) a. neuron b. hormone c. glia d. endorphin Answer: A difficulty: 1 factual

More information

CSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling. Lect04: Brain & Spine Neuroanatomy

CSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling. Lect04: Brain & Spine Neuroanatomy CSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling CSE511 Brain & Memory Modeling Lect02: BOSS Discrete Event Simulator Lect04: Brain & Spine Neuroanatomy Appendix of Purves et al., 4e Larry Wittie Computer Science, StonyBrook

More information

BIOLOGY STUDY PACKET THE BRAIN

BIOLOGY STUDY PACKET THE BRAIN BIOLOGY STUDY PACKET THE BRAIN SC.912.L.14.26 AA Spring 2012 The intent of this packet is to supplement regular classroom instruction, not to replace it. This also supposes that the students have access

More information

Anatomy of the Brain > 1. Figure 1. Eight bones form the skull and fourteen bones form the face.

Anatomy of the Brain > 1. Figure 1. Eight bones form the skull and fourteen bones form the face. Anatomy of the Brain Overview The human brain is an amazing three-pound organ that controls all functions of the body, interprets information from the outside world, and embodies the essence of the mind

More information

Chapter 13: The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

Chapter 13: The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes Chapter 13: The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes I. General Organization of the Nervous System, p. 422 Objectives 1. Describe the basic structural and organizational characteristics of the

More information

Slide 4: Forebrain Structures. Slide 5: 4 Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex. Slide 6: The Cerebral Hemispheres (L & R)

Slide 4: Forebrain Structures. Slide 5: 4 Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex. Slide 6: The Cerebral Hemispheres (L & R) Slide 1: [Film Clip: The Brain #2- Phineas Gage] Integrated Bodily Communications Within Brain (Hemispheres and structures) The remaining Nervous System Endocrine System (Hormonal communication) Our bodies-

More information

Chapter 15. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and Visceral Reflexes. general properties Anatomy. Autonomic effects on target organs

Chapter 15. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and Visceral Reflexes. general properties Anatomy. Autonomic effects on target organs Chapter 15 Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and Visceral Reflexes general properties Anatomy Autonomic effects on target organs Central control of autonomic function 15-1 Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies,

More information

The brain structure and function

The brain structure and function The brain structure and function This information is an extract from the booklet Understanding brain tumours. You may find the full booklet helpful. We can send you a copy free see page 5. Contents Introduction

More information

NEUROANATOMY 6 Limbic System

NEUROANATOMY 6 Limbic System NEUROANATOMY 6 Limbic System The Limbic System The part of the brain involved with learning, memory and emotion. It is affected in many neuropsychiatric diseases including schizophrenia, Alzheimer s disease

More information

Diagram 2(i): Structure of the Neuron

Diagram 2(i): Structure of the Neuron Diagram 2(i): Structure of the Neuron Generally speaking, we can divide the nervous system into different parts, according to location and function. So far we have mentioned the central nervous system

More information

Human Anatomy & Physiology Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves and Somatic Reflexes 13-1

Human Anatomy & Physiology Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves and Somatic Reflexes 13-1 Human Anatomy & Physiology Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves and Somatic Reflexes 13-1 Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves and Somatic Reflexes Spinal cord Spinal nerves Somatic reflexes 13-2 Overview of Spinal Cord Information

More information

Transverse Sections of the Spinal Cord

Transverse Sections of the Spinal Cord Transverse Sections of the Spinal Cord The spinal cord is perhaps the most simply arranged part of the CNS. Its basic structure, indicated in a schematic drawing of the eighth cervical segment (Figure

More information

Vision: Receptors. Modes of Perception. Vision: Summary 9/28/2012. How do we perceive our environment? Sensation and Perception Terminology

Vision: Receptors. Modes of Perception. Vision: Summary 9/28/2012. How do we perceive our environment? Sensation and Perception Terminology How do we perceive our environment? Complex stimuli are broken into individual features, relayed to the CNS, then reassembled as our perception Sensation and Perception Terminology Stimulus: physical agent

More information

What is the basic component of the brain and spinal cord communication system?

What is the basic component of the brain and spinal cord communication system? EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY David Myers The Biology of Mind Chapter 2 Neural Communication Neurons How Neurons Communicate How Neurotransmitters Influence Us The Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System The

More information

Mini-atlas of the Marmoset Brain

Mini-atlas of the Marmoset Brain Mini-atlas of the Marmoset Brain http://marmoset-brain.org Aya Senoo Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Hironobu Tokuno Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science Charles Watson Curtin

More information

U N IT 10 NE RVOUS SYS TE M REVIEW 1. Which of the following is controlled by the somatic nervous system? A. rate of heartbeat B.

U N IT 10 NE RVOUS SYS TE M REVIEW 1. Which of the following is controlled by the somatic nervous system? A. rate of heartbeat B. U N IT 10 NE RVOUS SYS TE M REVIEW 1. Which of the following is controlled by the somatic nervous system? A. rate of heartbeat B. contraction of skeletal muscles C. increased blood flow to muscle tissue

More information

The Brain of a Normal Human

The Brain of a Normal Human The Brain of a Normal Human Your Brain Evolved Over Time Human Brain Logic and reasoning Mammalian Brain More complex feelings and reactions Lizard Brain Basic functions The Brain Stem or Hindbrain (The

More information

NEUROLOCALIZATION MADE EASY

NEUROLOCALIZATION MADE EASY NEUROLOCALIZATION MADE EASY Jared B. Galle, DVM, Diplomate ACVIM (Neurology) Dogwood Veterinary Referral Center 4920 Ann Arbor-Saline Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Localizing a neurologic problem to an anatomical

More information

Basic Brain Information

Basic Brain Information Basic Brain Information Brain facts Your brain weighs about 3lbs, or just under 1.5Kg It has the texture of blancmange Your brain is connected to your spinal cord by the brain stem Behind your brain stem

More information

Chapter 15. The Autonomic Nervous. The Autonomic Nervous System. Autonomic Motor Pathways. ANS vs. SNS

Chapter 15. The Autonomic Nervous. The Autonomic Nervous System. Autonomic Motor Pathways. ANS vs. SNS The Autonomic Nervous System Chapter 15 The subconscious involuntary nervous system Regulates activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle & certain glands The Autonomic Nervous System 1 2 ANS vs. SNS Somatic

More information

Introduction to the Structure and Function of the Central Nervous System

Introduction to the Structure and Function of the Central Nervous System CHAPTER 3 Introduction to the Structure and Function of the Central Nervous System GENERAL TERMINOLOGY AN OVERVIEW OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems Major Divisions

More information

Peripheral Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System Nervous system consists of: Peripheral Nervous System CNS = brain and spinal cord ~90% (90 Bil) of all neurons in body are in CNS PNS = Cranial nerves and spinal nerves, nerve plexuses & ganglia ~10% (10

More information

Brain Power. Counseling and Mental Health

Brain Power. Counseling and Mental Health Brain Power Counseling and Mental Health TEA COPYRIGHT Copyright Texas Education Agency, 2012. These Materials are copyrighted and trademarked as the property of the Texas Education Agency (TEA) and may

More information

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Somatic efferent and ANS Somatic Efferent Control is over skeletal muscles. External environment This division of the PNS responds to some change in the external environment. single

More information

組 織 學 實 驗 : 神 經 系 統 Histology Lab : Nervous system

組 織 學 實 驗 : 神 經 系 統 Histology Lab : Nervous system 組 織 學 實 驗 : 神 經 系 統 Histology Lab : Nervous system 實 驗 講 義 : 謝 侑 霖 老 師 Yu-Lin Hsieh, PhD. 劉 俊 馳 Chun-Chih Liu 李 怡 琛 Yi-Chen Lee 張 昭 元 Chao-Yuah Chang 張 瀛 双 Ying-Shuang Chang :07-3121101 ext 2144-18 :littlebu@kmu.edu.tw

More information

Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves (Chapter 13) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College

Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves (Chapter 13) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves (Chapter 13) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College Primary Sources for figures and content: Eastern Campus Marieb,

More information

Chapter 4. The Brain

Chapter 4. The Brain Chapter 4 The Brain The Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) receives, processes, interprets and stores info (taste, sound, smell, color etc.) Sends information to muscles, glands and internal organs

More information

AP Biology I. Nervous System Notes

AP Biology I. Nervous System Notes AP Biology I. Nervous System Notes 1. General information: passage of information occurs in two ways: Nerves - process and send information fast (eg. stepping on a tack) Hormones - process and send information

More information

Chapter 15 Anatomy and Physiology Lecture

Chapter 15 Anatomy and Physiology Lecture 1 THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Chapter 15 Anatomy and Physiology Lecture 2 THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) regulates the activity of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and certain

More information

Module 1: The Brain and the Central Nervous System (CNS)

Module 1: The Brain and the Central Nervous System (CNS) Module 1: The Brain and the Central Nervous System (CNS) By the end of this unit, the learner will be able to: Describe the anatomy of the brain and the central nervous system Identify regions of the brain

More information

Reflex Physiology. Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi. 2009 Ebneshahidi

Reflex Physiology. Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi. 2009 Ebneshahidi Reflex Physiology Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Reflex Physiology Reflexes are automatic, subconscious response to changes within or outside the body. a. Reflexes maintain homeostasis (autonomic reflexes) heart

More information

18. What is limbic system? A. The inner parts of cerebral hemispheres associated with deep structures and from a complex structure. 19.

18. What is limbic system? A. The inner parts of cerebral hemispheres associated with deep structures and from a complex structure. 19. CHAPTER 21 NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION One mark Questions: 1. Name the structural and functional unit of nervous system? A. Neuron. 2. What does central Nervous System consists of? A. Brain and spinal

More information

Unit 2 - Subcortical systems, neurochemistry and brain function

Unit 2 - Subcortical systems, neurochemistry and brain function Unit 2 - Subcortical systems, neurochemistry and brain function Subcortical anatomy: Most of the five major subdivisions of the brain are subcortical. I. Telencephalon (cortical - part of forebrain) -

More information

Slide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3

Slide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3 Slide 1 The Role of Experience on the Developing Brain Barb Jackson, Ph.D. Director, Education & Child Development Munroe-Meyer Institute University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE USA The purpose

More information

31.1 The Neuron. BUILD Vocabulary. Lesson Objectives

31.1 The Neuron. BUILD Vocabulary. Lesson Objectives Name Class Date 31.1 The Neuron Lesson Objectives Identify the functions of the nervous system. Describe the function of neurons. Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted. BUILD Vocabulary A. The chart

More information

Please read chapter 15, The Autonomic Nervous System, complete this study guide, and study this material BEFORE coming to the first class.

Please read chapter 15, The Autonomic Nervous System, complete this study guide, and study this material BEFORE coming to the first class. Please read chapter 15,, complete this study guide, and study this material BEFORE coming to the first class. I. Introduction to the autonomic nervous system: Briefly describe the autonomic nervous system.

More information

Chapter 13. The Nature of Somatic Reflexes

Chapter 13. The Nature of Somatic Reflexes Chapter 13 The Nature of Somatic Reflexes Nature of Reflexes (1 of 3) A reflex is an involuntary responses initiated by a sensory input resulting in a change in a gland or muscle tissue occur without our

More information

Chapter 15. Sympathetic Nervous System

Chapter 15. Sympathetic Nervous System Chapter 15 Sympathetic Nervous System Somatic versus Autonomic Pathways Somatic efferent innervation ACh Myelinated fiber Somatic effectors (skeletal muscles) Autonomic efferent innervation ACh ACh or

More information

Chapter 15: Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

Chapter 15: Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System Chapter 15: Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System I. An Overview of Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System, p. 496 Figure 15-1 Specialized cells called sensory

More information

1 Cornea 6 Macula 2 Lens 7 Vitreous humor 3 Iris 8 Optic disc 4 Conjunctiva 9 Ciliary muscles 5 Sclera 10 Choroid

1 Cornea 6 Macula 2 Lens 7 Vitreous humor 3 Iris 8 Optic disc 4 Conjunctiva 9 Ciliary muscles 5 Sclera 10 Choroid Anatomy and Physiology Quiz 1 Sample Question Answers Use the following table to answer Questions 1 2. 1 Cornea 6 Macula 2 Lens 7 Vitreous humor 3 Iris 8 Optic disc 4 Conjunctiva 9 Ciliary muscles 5 Sclera

More information

Nervous System. from the Human Body Systems Series. catalog # 2890. Published & Distributed by AGC/UNITED LEARNING

Nervous System. from the Human Body Systems Series. catalog # 2890. Published & Distributed by AGC/UNITED LEARNING Nervous System from the Human Body Systems Series catalog # 2890 Published & Distributed by AGC/UNITED LEARNING 1560 Sherman Avenue Suite 100 Evanston, IL 60201 1-800-323-9084 24-Hour Fax No. 847-328-6706

More information

Integration and Coordination of the Human Body. Nervous System

Integration and Coordination of the Human Body. Nervous System I. General Info Integration and Coordination of the Human Body A. Both the and system are responsible for maintaining 1. Homeostasis is the process by which organisms keep internal conditions despite changes

More information

To understand the nervous system, start by thinking of your

To understand the nervous system, start by thinking of your Chapter The Nervous System 6 To understand the nervous system, start by thinking of your body as a biological machine that runs on electricity. In fact, this is true; your body does run on electricity!

More information

The Brain. What is it? Neurons Glial Cells Connective Tissue Connective Fiber White Matter Grey Matter Cerebro-spinal Fluid

The Brain. What is it? Neurons Glial Cells Connective Tissue Connective Fiber White Matter Grey Matter Cerebro-spinal Fluid The Brain What is it? Neurons Glial Cells Connective Tissue Connective Fiber White Matter Grey Matter Cerebro-spinal Fluid A More Realistic View When we look at the brain we see mostly the Cerebral Cortex

More information

Adrian Owens Research

Adrian Owens Research *Classic View: Not entirely correct Nervous System Central Nervous System is made up of the brain and the spinal cord. Peripheral Nervous System is broken down into a component called the somatic division.

More information

PSK171 STRESS MANAGEMENT

PSK171 STRESS MANAGEMENT PSK171 STRESS MANAGEMENT Chapter 2 Systems that control stress arousal Controlling Stress & Tension Girdano, Dusek & Everly Ligands Ligands (amino acid molecules) Biochemicals that carry information Neurohormones

More information

About Brain Injury: A Guide to Brain Anatomy Information from http://www.waiting.com, 1997-2002, Becca, Ltd.

About Brain Injury: A Guide to Brain Anatomy Information from http://www.waiting.com, 1997-2002, Becca, Ltd. About Brain Injury: A Guide to Brain Anatomy Information from http://www.waiting.com, 1997-2002, Becca, Ltd. Brain Anatomy Definitions Brainstem: The lower extension of the brain where it connects to the

More information

Central Nervous System Brain & Spinal Cord

Central Nervous System Brain & Spinal Cord Brain Central Nervous System Brain & Spinal Cord one of largest organs in body: men: women: 1,600 g (3.5 lbs) 1,450g (3.2 lbs) [size is proportional to body size not intelligence! Neanderthals had larger

More information

Chapter 15. Neurotransmitters of the ANS

Chapter 15. Neurotransmitters of the ANS Chapter 15 Neurotransmitters of the ANS Neurotransmitters and Receptors How can the same ANS neurons create different effects on different target tissue? Variety of neurotransmitters Secondly, different

More information

1 PYRAMIDS - CORTICOSPINAL FIBERS

1 PYRAMIDS - CORTICOSPINAL FIBERS 151 Brain stem Pyramids/Corticospinal Tract 1 PYRAMIDS - CORTICOSPINAL FIBERS The pyramids are two elongated swellings on the ventral aspect of the medulla. Each pyramid contains approximately 1,000,000

More information

Nervous System Pathology

Nervous System Pathology Nervous System Pathology Nervous System Central Nervous System CNS Brain & Spinal cord Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System PNS Spinal and cranial nerves CNS Close relationship with endocrine system

More information

Functions of the Brain

Functions of the Brain Objectives 0 Participants will be able to identify 4 characteristics of a healthy brain. 0 Participants will be able to state the functions of the brain. 0 Participants will be able to identify 3 types

More information

Brain Anatomy on CT & MRI. Department of Radiation Oncology

Brain Anatomy on CT & MRI. Department of Radiation Oncology Brain Anatomy on CT & MRI Rebecca L. Frame, BS, CMD Rebecca L. Frame, BS, CMD Department of Radiation Oncology Objectives 1. Brain Facts 2. MRI Imaging Techniques 3. How the Various Imaging Helps Us in

More information

The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves 14 The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College Lincoln, Nebraska Introduction The Central Nervous System

More information

Basic brain information

Basic brain information Basic brain information Brain facts Your brain weighs about 3lbs, or just under 1.5Kg It has the texture of blancmange Your brain is connected to your spinal cord by the brain stem Behind your brain stem

More information

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Consists of: 12 pairs of cranial nerves 31 pairs of spinal nerves The autonomic nervous system

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Consists of: 12 pairs of cranial nerves 31 pairs of spinal nerves The autonomic nervous system Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Consists of: 12 pairs of cranial nerves 31 pairs of spinal nerves The autonomic nervous system Nerves and neurons Cranial nerves There are 12 pairs They are numbered according

More information

North Bergen School District Benchmarks

North Bergen School District Benchmarks Grade: 10,11, and 12 Subject: Anatomy and Physiology First Marking Period Define anatomy and physiology, and describe various subspecialties of each discipline. Describe the five basic functions of living

More information

Autonomic Nervous System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi

Autonomic Nervous System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Autonomic Nervous System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Nervous System Divisions of the nervous system The human nervous system consists of the central nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

More information

Explore the Neuroscience for Kids Web Site (ANSWERS) Start at: http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/neurok.html

Explore the Neuroscience for Kids Web Site (ANSWERS) Start at: http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/neurok.html NAME Explore the Neuroscience for Kids Web Site (ANSWERS) Start at: http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/neurok.html On the left side, click on Explore, then click on The Neuron, then click on Millions

More information

How To Understand The Hypothalamus

How To Understand The Hypothalamus 883 Hypothalamus HYPOTHALAMUS Introduction The hypothalamus is a very small, but extremely important part of the diencephalon that is involved in the mediation of endocrine, autonomic and behavioral functions.

More information

Exercise 5 Nervous Tissue

Exercise 5 Nervous Tissue Exercise 5 Nervous Tissue Objectives After completing the laboratory exercise for nervous tissue you should be able to: Introduction Identify a "typical" multipolar neuron in the light microscope. Identify

More information

Name Date Hour. Nerve Histology Microscope Lab

Name Date Hour. Nerve Histology Microscope Lab Name Date Hour Nerve Histology Microscope Lab PRE-LAB: Answer the following questions using your reading and class notes before starting the microscope lab. 1. What is the difference between the functions

More information

The Hypothalamus. Functions of the Hypothalamus. The Hypothalamus. Medical Neuroscience Dr. Wiegand

The Hypothalamus. Functions of the Hypothalamus. The Hypothalamus. Medical Neuroscience Dr. Wiegand The Medical Neuroscience Dr. Wiegand Neural Influences Neural Influences Hormonal Influences Hormonal Influences The Autonomic Nervous System Limbic System Endocrine System system Endocrine 1 The Diencephalon

More information

Chapter 2. The Biological Bases of Psychological Functioning

Chapter 2. The Biological Bases of Psychological Functioning Chapter 2 The Biological Bases of Psychological Functioning Outline I. Neurons: The Building Blocks of the Nervous System A. A neuron is a nerve cell that transmits information from one part of the body

More information

Glossary. Activities of Daily Living (ADL): routine daily self care skills, including dressing, bathing, toileting, and feeding.

Glossary. Activities of Daily Living (ADL): routine daily self care skills, including dressing, bathing, toileting, and feeding. Glossary Acoustic nerve: the nerve that is responsible for hearing. Activities of Daily Living (ADL): routine daily self care skills, including dressing, bathing, toileting, and feeding. Adaptive physical

More information

Autonomic Nervous System of the Neck. Adam Koleśnik, MD Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy Center of Biostructure Research, MUW

Autonomic Nervous System of the Neck. Adam Koleśnik, MD Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy Center of Biostructure Research, MUW Autonomic Nervous System of the Neck Adam Koleśnik, MD Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy Center of Biostructure Research, MUW Autonomic nervous system sympathetic parasympathetic enteric Autonomic

More information

CHAPTER 14 NERVOUS SYSTEM OBJECTIVES. On completion of this chapter, you will be able to:

CHAPTER 14 NERVOUS SYSTEM OBJECTIVES. On completion of this chapter, you will be able to: CHAPTER 14 NERVOUS SYSTEM OBJECTIVES On completion of this chapter, you will be able to: Describe the tissues of the nervous system. Describe nerve fibers, nerves, and tracts. Describe the transmission

More information

Rosen Educational Services materials copyright 2011 Rosen Educational Services, LLC. All rights reserved.

Rosen Educational Services materials copyright 2011 Rosen Educational Services, LLC. All rights reserved. Published in 2011 by Britannica Educational Publishing (a trademark of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.) in association with Rosen Educational Services, LLC 29 East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010. Copyright

More information

LECTURE 16 NEUROPATHOPHYSIOLOGY (HEAD INJURY)

LECTURE 16 NEUROPATHOPHYSIOLOGY (HEAD INJURY) LECTURE 16 Copyright 2000 by Bowman O. Davis, Jr. The approach and organization of this material was developed by Bowman O. Davis, Jr. for specific use in online instruction. All rights reserved. No part

More information

Nervous System Divisions of the Nervous system

Nervous System Divisions of the Nervous system Nervous System Divisions of the Nervous system Central Nervous System relays messages, processes information, and analyzes information; Consists of brain and spinal cord Meninges connective tissue around

More information

Brain Tumor 101. Shanna Armstrong, RN Neuro Oncology Nurse Clinician UC Brain Tumor Center

Brain Tumor 101. Shanna Armstrong, RN Neuro Oncology Nurse Clinician UC Brain Tumor Center Brain Tumor 101 Shanna Armstrong, RN Neuro Oncology Nurse Clinician UC Brain Tumor Center Objectives Identify the different parts of the brain Describe how each part of the brain works Connect each part

More information