Renewable Energies in the Czech Republic

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1 Renewable Energies in the Czech Republic Lucie Chmielová Czech Renewable Energy Agency Czech Republic Scientific Technical Reference System on Renewable Energy and Energy End-Use Efficiency: 1 st Specific Workshop on Renewable Energy Implementation for New Member States and Candidate Country's EU DG JRC Malta,

2 Czech Renewable Energy Agency, o.p.s. Non-governmental and nonprofit organization Establishment: in May 2004 Quarters: Rožnov p. R., Czech Republic Office: Prague, Czech Republic Activities: organization and supporting of promotion events, solving and realization projects, organization conferences and seminar meetings and others, support of education activities in RES, consultancy in the branch of RES

3 Overview Legislative framework Current stage of RES Wind, Solar, Water,Biomass in Czech Republic Project in the branch of PV Conclusions

4 Consumption structure of primary energetic sources natural gas 19% nuclear 8% RES 2% wastes 0% brown coal 37% brown coal black coal oil natural gas nuclear RES oil 16% black coal 18% wastes

5 Share of sources on gross production of electricity nuclear 18% RES 4% 0% brown coal black coal liquid fuels 2% gas fuels liquid fuels gas fuels 6% brown coal 58% nuclear RES black coal 12%

6 International coherencies White paper: double the share of RES from 6 to 12% by 2010 in order to reduce import dependence. It represents 6,8% for Czech Republic. Obligation of the Czech Republic to increase share of electricity from RES from 3,8 up to 8% in 2010 (according EU Accession Agreement, Directive 01/77/EC)

7 RES political frame State energy concept adopted by the Decision of the Czech government N 211 from 10th of March 2004 National programme for Energy Efficiency and to Use of Rand secondary Energy sources -Decision of Government of the Czech Republic N 1079 from 22nd of October 2001 (for 4 year period) Government programme for the Support of Energy Savings and the Utilization of Renewable and Secondary Sources of Energy in the year Decision of Government of the Czech Republic N 1083 from 6th of November 2002 (for 1 year period)

8 RES in Czech Republic An obligation to buy all electricity from RES by utility Investment subsidy for RES (there are limited possibilities to obtain the support from State Environmental Fund, Czech Energy Agency) Feed-in tariffs for RES is applied from 2002 annually enunciated by the Energy Regulatory Office (ERO) without long-term guaranty yet The real feed-in tariffs are expected in the frame of new law for supporting of RES (just now discussed in the parliament) Time limited tax relieves (VAT, income tax, property tax)

9 Feed-in tariff for 2004 Small hydropower Wind generators after Wind generators before Combustion of biomass Common combustion of biomass and fossil fuels Combustion of biogas after Combustion of biogas before Geothermal energy Solar energy PV generators Tariff (CZK/kWh) 1,55 2,70 3,00 2,50 2,00 2,40 2,50 3,00 6,00 Tariff ( /kwh) 0,049 0,084 0,094 0,078 0,063 0,075 0,078 0,094 0,188 Exchange rate 1EUR=32CZK

10 Share of electricity production by RES on gross consumption of electricity biomass 10% wind 0% photovoltaic 0% small hydropower station 33% large hydropower station 57% small hydropower station large hydropower station biomass wind photovoltaic

11 Share of RES in CR

12 Energy of water Traditional type of (natural) energy source for long time Czech Republic is located on the top of Central European area European watershed for Baltic and Black see Hydro energetic potential 1,8TWh/year of consumption) 70% of useful percentage but only 30% ready to use Small hydropower stations up to 10MW 267MW in SHP with 517GWh/year

13 Energy of water in historic context Stage from 1934 Francis turbine Kaplan turbine Banki turbine Girard turbine Rest types of turbines Water wheel Number Average unit power (kw) 35,8 53, ,4 4,6 After 1951 mass liquidation of small energetic hydro facilities and rising construction of big dams with hydro/electric plants MW in LHP now

14 Energy of wind Applicable technology Limited conditions Support tools are available

15 suitable condition on highland area only (wind speed >4m/s) Unfortunately there are in most cases protected landscape areas

16 History of wind energy in CZ from nineties was limited production of domestic wind generators (75kW, 315kW) 1993 f. Energovars installed 2 wind generators of 315kW and 1 WG with power of 630kW 1993 f. EKOV installed 5 WG per 400kW The latest unit was built in 1996 and after that was downfall of industry due to little capital for development, high failure rate and very low feed-in tariff in the level of 1 CZK (0,03 ) In the year 1995 was installed 24 wind power plants with total power of 8 820kW Situation on the end of units in operation 2 975kW 11 units out of order 4 920kW 5 units dismounted 925kW

18 Resent progress in wind energy 12,00 Power in operation (MWp) 10,00 8,00 6,00 4,00 2,00 0, year

19 Energy of Sun All technologies are in the market development Passive solar thermal application in building designing and construction Solar thermal collectors for hot supply water Photovoltaic technologies

20 Solar radiation potential kwh / sqm annually of solar energy sunny hours per year (up to 2000h in South Moravia)

21 Seasonal solar energy availability Average energy supplied by PVS with power of 6,9kW for Czech Republic area and for Spain for each month Average amount of energy per day (kwh) 45,0 40,0 35,0 30,0 25,0 20,0 15,0 10,0 5,0 Sevilla (SP) Energie za den kwh/den Praha Energie za den kwh/den 0,0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec wide seasonal difference (75% April October, 25% November March)

22 Substantial part of diffused sunlight -50% of diffused light

23 Solar energy photovoltaic PV is at demonstration stage level of development 350kWp Grid-off systems Grid-onsystems 100 kwp 250 kwp feed-in tariff in level of 0,20 and investment subsidy (30%) are ineffective tools for creation of market up to now

24 Grid-off application application for weekend houses dominated till 2000 with installed power of roughly 100kW up to now

25 the first medium power PV installation in Czech Republic 10 kwp PVS on the Mravenecnik top in Jeseniky mountains In September 2003 the installation was moved into Dukovany nuclear power plant

26 In 12/1999 the first colored PV facade in Czech Republic 6 kwp grid connected Corinthia Panorama hotel, Prague

27 Sun to School programme Announced annually by State Environmental Fund for year 2000 National demonstration and educative programme Oriented on all levels of schools basic, secondary and universities 676 systems with total power of 280kW will be installed with electricity production of 220 MWh/year

28 100 and later 200Wp PVS for basic schools 1,2kWp PVS for bigger basic schools and secondary schools 3, 20 and later 40 kwp PVS for universities

29 20kW p; Charles University; Prague; 2003

30 Solar energy solar thermal Annual production of heat in the level of 500kWh/m 2 There is several producer of modules and a lot of installers The potential for improvement is expected on 9 million of sqm with annually production of TJ/year

31 Sun to School programme Announced annually by State Environmental Fund for year 2001 Installation of 4 sqm collectors with heat tank per one location Limited support per installation up to It was installed 400 solar thermal systems with energy production of 2000 GJ/year

32 Combined installation PVS and solar thermal

33 Biomass Use of biomass in TJ/year in TJ/year Useful potential TJ/year Opportunities of biomass in CR joint with the agriculture situation excess of farmland Unused area for food and feed crops in the amount of ha of acreage and ha of grass field and pasture Most perspective biomass in persistent herbs except waste wood and fast growing trees Common combustion of biomass with fossil fuels in thermal power stations equipped by fluid furnace (operated by biggest energy provider CEZ)

34 Assumption for solid biomass for 2010 type of biomass total energy heat from it electric ity % PJ GWh wood and woooden residues 24,0 33,1 25,2 427 cereal straw and from oil plants 11,7 15,7 11,9 224 energetic plants 47,1 63,0 47,7 945 biogas 16,3 21,8 15,6 535 total 100,0 133,6 100,4 2231

35 Energy of environment heat pumps 1500 units of heat pumps with total install power of 18,6MW in year 2002 Incentives for potential investors Investment subsidy for living houses 30% up to lower price electricity for heat pumps

36 Sources of low potential heat 63,56% 27,33% ambient air exhaust heat from air surface water groundwater thermal water sewage water ground heat 5,06% 0,27% 2,63% 0,13% 1,01%

37 Conclusion Suitable conditions for development of all types of RES with different level of final share Main contribution on increasing of electricity production from RES will be done by biomass Wind should be used on all suitable location with the respect to the protection of environment Photovoltaic is expected to be very promising technology with present support in near future

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