Inspiring Analog System Design and Innovation at Entry-level. TIITC2011 : Accelerating Growth Through Innovation
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1 Inspiring Analog System Design and Innovation at Entry-level 1
2 Analog design in the universities Widening gap between instruction and industrial practices Analog design is not a popular topic in universities Software projects dominate Digital design is perceived as easier Analog is a major area of focus for TI TI recruits analog VLSI designers and analog field application engineers Our customers recruit analog system designers Growing gap between industrial practices and university curriculum Universities curriculum designed in the 1970s 2
3 Growing gap between industrial practices and the University curriculum 3
4 TI India Analog University Program Geared to reduce the gap between industrial practices and university analog curriculum TI India Analog Design Contest Faculty Internships Faculty Development Programs Analog Teaching Aids 4
5 Analog in the curriculum A Historical Overview (1) Analog electronics became allpervasive during the era of vacuum tubes (1960s and 1970s) Audio amplifiers Radio & TV receivers Telephones Analog computers Circuits used passive devices (R, L, C) abundantly and active devices like electron tubes sparingly 5
6 A Historical Overview Era of Discrete Transistors (2) In the 1970s, after the advent of transistors, BJTs JFETs and MOSFETs became popular Integrated circuits emerged More active devices, less of R, C Inductors were totally eliminated BJT circuits were introduced in the curriculum Common emitter, Common collector, Common base configurations Curriculum introduced Common source, common drain, common gate configurations! Multistage amplifiers Opamps Comparators Regulators Instrumentation amplifiers 6
7 Historical Overview Era of MOS VLSI (3) How the digital curriculum evolved Mead and Conway approach Levels of abstraction Hardware description languages like VHDL and Verilog Logic synthesis tools, simulators, other design automation tools Standard cells and design reuse How the analog curriculum evolved (or did not evolve) Remained unchanged A new course on Linear Integrated Circuits was introduced as an elective course in a higher semester Applications of Opamps System-Level Register-transfer Level Gate Level Circuit Level Transistor Level 7
8 What exists now as basic electronics curriculum Not much has changed in the way electronics is taught Elaborate introduction to semiconductor device physics PN junctions and Field Effect Device Characteristics Equivalent circuits Biasing Circuits such as amplifiers, rectifiers, wave-shaping circuits, System-level teaching is either an undergraduate elective at a higher semester or is taught in postgraduate courses Popularity of microprocessors and DSP had an impact on the analog content Most of system level understanding could not be incorporated in basic courses 8
9 Proposed Solution Duplicate the success of digital design methodology Digital Truth tables and functional behavior Rise time, fall time, transition delay, noise margin Functional models Combinational and Sequential logic design Applications Methodology is independent of target technology Postpone transistor-level VLSI design to higherlevels Analog I/O characteristics of basic blocks (idealized behavior) Frequency response, Gainbandwidth product, limitations, slew-rate, Macromodels Use building blocks to build larger systems (filters, AGC, control systems, etc.) Realization using the current technology (technologies may change don t start with devices!) 9
10 Teaching Aid designed for Universities Analog System Lab Starter Kit (ASLKv2010) Analog System Lab Starter Kit (ASLKv2010) Provides a solution for teaching analog system design Lab manual with 10 experiments is included Uses Op-amps, analog multipliers, DAC, Open architecture to allow more experiments using minimal external connections Focus on simulation and hands-on experimentation Simulate using macro-models for ICs Build the actual circuit and compare the response De-emphasize transistor-level design! ASLKv2010 Starter Kit Analog System Lab Manual 10
11 Experiments on ASLKv2010 Starter Kit 1. Interface 1. Pre-amplifier, power-amplifier, powersupply management 2. Signal Conditioning 1. Filters (Pre-filtering and Post-filtering) 3. Digital Communication 1. FSK, Packet Switching 2. Clock Generators, PLLs 1. Negative Feedback amplifiers and Instrumentation amplifiers 2. Schmitt Trigger, Astable Multivibrator 3. Integrators and Differentiators 4. Universal Active Filter 5. Voltage controlled Filter, Self-tuned Filter 6. Function Generator and VCO 7. PLL 8. AGC/AVC 9. DC-DC Converter 10. LDO 11
12 Reactions to ASLK (The kit) is beautifully done. I wish I had these when I was teaching at IIT Kanpur! I am sure that this excellent KIT, manual and CD will be used all over the world. I will bring it to the attention of the professors here. I looked through the manual and saw that the exercises are well thought out and documented. I am glad that you have also provided a proto-board so that students can set-up additional discrete components Prof. T.R. Viswanathan, UT Austin Central Electronics Centre (CEC) is an independent service centre of IIT Madras which provides electronics training as part of the core curriculum for all B.Tech students at IIT Madras. The coverage of topics is mainly analog electronic circuits - all of which has been covered nicely in the Analog System Lab Starter Kit experiments. The staff of CEC and I have reviewed the Analog System Lab Manual and the ASLKv2010 Starter Kit and find it well-suited for the training provided by CEC for the B.Tech students. Prof. R. David Koilpillai - Head, Central Electronics Centre, IIT Madras, Chennai 12
13 Popularizing the Analog System Lab Kit First university product designed and manufactured in India Released by Darla Whitaker (23-Feb-2011) Conducted 06 faculty training programs on ASLK since its introduction Trained ~800 students and ~200 faculty Was used to train new college graduates recruited in TI India (2011) Presently manufactured and sold by Cranes Software (TI India University Partner) Established ~40 labs in 2011 Bosch has used ASLK to train their engineers in Analog Bangalore campus Coimbatore campus Europe has adopted the kit in their University Program Mikroelektronika will produce and market the kits 13
14 Conclusions Analog System Lab Kit was designed in TI India as an educational product for Indian Universities Attempts to change the focus from transistor-level to system-level at the basic undergraduate level Proposes to postpone transistor-level VLSI design to higher undergraduate/post-graduate level It has been adopted in Europe and is being considered by some regions covered by TI China University Program It is being viewed as a training kit for entry-level engineers in several customer companies such as Robert Bosch 14
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