Welcome to Level 6! Week 1
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- Augusta Simmons
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1 Welcome to Level 6! Week 1
2 Warm-Up: Classmate Survey Let s get to know each other by networking. In today s society, it is important to socialize (to talk) to other people by networking. People will usually network to find a job or to make new acquaintances (people you have met). You will network by talking to others in the class.
3 Classmate Survey Everyone will stand up and walk around the class. Find a classmate and exchange the information on the handout. Exchange the information on your paper by speaking and in writing. If you feel comfortable, you can also exchange your phone number and . It s up to you.
4 Classmate Survey Once you ve networked with one classmate, find a different classmate to network with. Try to network with as many classmates as you can before time is up. The more the better! Ready NETWORK!!!!!
5 Agenda Welcome and Warm-up Attendance Course Syllabus Present Time Review
6 Syllabus Highlights: Best way to contact me outside of class is Course book Class website: Course Outline (tentative) Please review after class and ask me any questions the following class.
7 What are the 4 present tense forms? Present Tense Simple Present Present Progressive Present Perfect Present Perfect Progressive
8 Verb Tenses
9 Present Tense = Subject Verb Agreement When you write in the present tense, always make sure the SUBJECT and VERB AGREE in number and person! Subject Pronoun Person Number I First Singular We First Plural You Second Singular You (people) Second Plural He, She, It Third Singular They Third Plural
10 Review: The Verb Be (Present Tense) The most frequently used verb in English is the verb be. Subject Verb (Be) Sentence I am I am a MT.SAC student. You are You are a funny person. He, she, it is He is my best student. She is my nicest student. It is a beautiful ring. We are We are in class. They are They are here.
11 Regular Verbs: Subject Verb Agreement Let s use the regular verb, live If the subject is 3 rd person singular (he, she. it) how do you change the verb? 3 rd Person Singular = add s to verb Pronoun: He lives in the city. She lives in the city. It lives in the city. Nouns: Brian = he = Brian lives in the city. Joann = she = Joann lives in the city. Dog = it = The dog lives in the city.
12 Regular Verbs: Subject Verb Agreement For all other nouns and pronouns, do you change the verb? No, leave it in base form = regular form of the verb Example: live Pronouns: I live in the city. You live in the city. We live in the city. They live in the city. Nouns: Julia and I = We = Julia and I live in the city. Andy and Fernando = They = Andy and Fernando live in the city.
13 Verbs That End in Vowels: Subject Verb Agreement Now let s look at verbs that end in vowels: go If the subject is 3 rd person singular (he, she, it), how do you change the verb? Add es to the end Example: Verb = Go = ends in the vowel o = Goes Maria goes to the store. She goes to the store. Mark goes to the store. He goes to the store.
14 Verbs that end in Vowels: Subject Verb Agreement For all other nouns and pronouns, do you change the verb? No, use base form Example: Go Pronouns: I go to the store. You go the store. We go to the store. They go to the store. Nouns: Manuel and I (we) go to the store. John and Carol (they) go to the store.
15 Other Changes Some verbs have simple present spelling changes with he, she, it: Verbs that end in y study = studies Verbs that end in ch teach = teaches Verbs that end in x Verbs that end in sh fix = fixes wash = washes Verbs that end in ey, ay, oy, or uy do not change. play = plays say = says Verbs that end in ss pass = passes
16 Negative Statements- Simple Present BE verb = add NOT I am not a student. You are not a teacher. She is not my sister. We are not friends. They are not busy.
17 Negative Statements Simple Present All other verbs add DO + NOT + BASE FORM Main verb is in base form Example = eat Subject and DO must agree. I do not eat./i don t eat. You do not eat./ You don t eat. She does not eat./ She doesn t eat. We do not eat./we don t eat. They do not eat. / They don t eat.
18 Questions Simple Present There are two types of questions that you can ask in the simple present. Yes/No Questions Form: Do/Does + subject + base form? Information Questions Form: Wh-word + do/does+ subject + base form?
19 Simple Present pg. 5 When do we use the simple present tense? Facts statements that are true in general We use the Internet to stay in touch with friends. (true in general) Habits things you do every day or all the time After every dinner, Elena gets out her laptop. (habitual action) Sequence first, second, third, etc. Elena logs on to the Internet (first), reads her (second), and starts responding (third). Stative Verbs non-action verbs (see later slide)
20 Present Progressive Form Remember 2 things to form present progressive: 1. verb be Present Tense: (I) Am, (he/she/it) is, (you, we, they) are 2. verbing (present participle) Sit = sitting Present Progressive = be + verbing Allison is sitting in front of the computer.
21 Present Progressive Uses Actions that are happening right now Example: You are learning about the simple present right now. Actions that are on-going/ in progress in the present Example: The boys are playing football at the park. Actions that are happening for a temporary time The present progressive also expresses actions that are happening for a temporary time only. Sometimes, they will use expressions like this week, this month, this semester, this year, etc. Example: I am taking Level 6 this semester.
22 Present Progressive Signal Words Signal words are hints that tell you when to use a certain verb tense. Here are some signal words for the present progressive. Right now Now Just now At the moment Still At present
23 Present Progressive with Contractions Remember that in casual or informal speech and writing, you can use contractions. I am sitting I m sitting You are watching You re watching He is swimming He s swimming We are going We re going They are eating They re eating
24 Exercise 1: Discover the Grammar pgs.6-7 A. Look at the sentences. Do the underlined verbs show habitual action (HA) or action in progress (AP)? HA 1. Most of us hardly go anywhere today without an electronic device? AP 2. We re trying to stay connected. 3. HA We use the internet to contact friends. 4. AP Allison is sitting in front of the computer. AP 5. At the moment, she s laughing. AP 6. Nick s teachers say he isn t doing well.
25 Exercise 1: Discover the Grammar pg.6 7. AP Elena is having trouble staying on top of her AP When I m working at home, I write a blog. 9. HA When I m working at home, I write a blog. 10. HA Through the Internet, I stay in touch with friends.
26 Stative Verbs (Non-action) Some verbs are stative or non-action verbs. These verbs don t use the progressive tense because they do not show action. Examples: Like, want, need, dislike, believe, own, love Use the simple present instead Present Progressive: We are needing to put things in balance X Simple Present: We need to put things in balance.
27 Stative Verbs (Non-action) Stative verbs describe the following: Appearance (how something looks) You seem stressed. Emotions (feelings) Elena loves . Mental States (how or what you think) I know my coworker well. Perceptions (how you see or hear something) We hear that all the time. Possession (something that belongs to you or someone else) They own four companies. Wants (something to desire) I need a new phone.
28 Stative Verbs Some stative verbs can be used in the present progressive, but the meaning may change. Have, look, see, taste, think, weigh Simple present: The package weighs five pounds. Meaning: It s weight is five pounds (description). Present progressive: The person is weighing the package. Meaning: The person is using a scale to weigh the package.
29 Stative Verbs Simple Present Present Progressive They have a baby. Meaning: Ownership Mark looks happy. Meaning: Appears happy The soup tastes salty. Meaning: Salty taste when eaten They are having a baby. Meaning: Experience Mark is looking for his keys. Meaning: To find or search The chef is tasting the soup. Meaning: Chef is trying the soup (the act of tasting)
30 Stative Verbs Stative verbs of physical conditions can be used in the simple present and present progressive Ache, feel, hurt I don t feel well. / I m not feeling well. Same meaning My throat hurts. / My throat is hurting. Same meaning
31 Action Verbs (active) Action verbs (active) describe actions Can you think of any action verbs? Perform Write Sing Dance
32 Exercise 1: Discover the Grammar pg. 7 B. Look at the sentences. Decide whether the underlined verbs describe actions (A) or states (S). 1. Most people today hardly go anywhere without an electronic device. 2. At least it seems that way. 3. We want to be connected 24/7. 4. We text people on our cell phones. 5. Nick appears to be addicted to his cell phone.
33 Exercise 1: Discover the Grammar pg On MySpace and Facebook you develop your own page. 7. Teachers feel bad about outlawing cell phones in class. 8. Elena loves her I telecommute two days a week. 10. We need to put things in balance.
34 Answers 1. Go = A 2. Seems = S (appearance) 3. Want = S (wants) 4. Text = A 5. Appears = S (appearance) 6. Develop = A 7. Feel = S (emotions) 8. Loves = S (emotions) 9. Telecommute = A 10. Need = S (emotions)
35 Action Verbs: Simple Present or Present Progressive? Simple Present Use simple verb forms to describe all of an action the action in general. Usually complete. I write articles for a psychology magazine. Why? In general, completed action Present Progressive Use progressive (with -ing) to describe part of an action in progress Right now, I m writing my blog. Why? In progress at the moment
36 Exercise 2: Simple Present/ Present Progressive pg. 7
37 Answers 1. Telecommute 1. Habitual 2. Walk 1. Habitual/Sequence 3. Turn on 1. Habitual/Sequence 4. Start 1. Habitual/Sequence 5. Is giving 5. Key word = today, 6. Action in progress 6. I m trying 5. Key phrase = at the moment 6. Action in progress 7. It s working 5. Action in progress
38 Answers 8. I m writing 8. Key phrase = this week 9. Action in progress 9. Is considering 8. Key word = currently 9. Action in progress 10. Think 8. Action that is true in general 9. Stative 11. Make 11. Key phrase = on these days 12. Habitual 12. Have 12. Key phrase = on the other three days 13. Habitual 13. I m doing 12. Key word = now 13. Action in progress 14. Love 12. Habitual 13. Stative
39 U2: Still Haven t Found What I m Looking For Irish rock band from Dublin Formed in 1976 Lead singer, Bono Many popular songs Beautiful Day One With or Without You Notice the use of the present perfect tense
40 Review When do you use the simple present? Facts, habitual actions, sequence, stative verbs When do you use the present progressive tense? Actions that are happening right now, on-going/ in progress. Actions that are happening for a temporary time What is the difference between an action verb and a stative verb? An action verb shows action. A stative verb is a non-action. It describes a state of being or condition.
41 Review Why is it important to know the difference between action and stative verbs? You don t use stative verbs in the present progressive because they don t show action. There are some exceptions like have, weigh, taste, etc. How do you know whether to use the simple present or present progressive? Action in general (simple present) or action in progress (present progressive) Signal words/phrases
42 Present Perfect Form: Have/Has + (not)+ Past Participle Past Participle Mini Quiz: Eat Eaten Walk Walked Drive Driven Sleep Slept
43 Present Perfect Use #1: Use the present perfect to talk about something that happened before a point in time (reference point). In the present perfect, our reference point is the present. Example Diagram: I have been to Disneyland twice.
44 Present Perfect Use #2: An action that happened at an unspecified time in the past The present perfect expresses actions that happened at some point in the past, but the exact date is either unknown or unimportant. Someone has stolen my car! I have seen that movie. Have you ever been to Paris? You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience: I have never been to Thailand.
45 Present Perfect Unspecified Time and Repetition Remember, the time is usually unspecified for present perfect. The exact time is not important. Even in repetition, the time of each repetition is not important. We have had four tests so far this semester. Do you know the exact time? I have flown on an airplane many times. Do you know the exact time? If the time is specified, use simple past: She saw that movie last night. She moved to California in 1998.
46 Present Perfect Use #3: An action that you still have the possibility to do (or do again) We use the present perfect to talk about: 1.) things that we have not done in the past, but we still have the possibility to do Example: She hasn t gotten married yet. 2.) things that we have already done and have the possibility to do again. Example: I have visited Ecuador before. Song
47 Partner Conversations
48 Present Perfect Use #4: When you say how many of something you have done (quantity) We can use the present perfect to talk about quantities of things you have done. I have watched two movies this week. Meaning: The week isn t finished; I could watch more movies. She has read 105 pages of the book so far. Meaning: She still hasn t finished the book; she could read more pages.
49 *Present Perfect* Use #5: Use the present perfect for actions that started in the past and have a connection to the present. Usually these actions are stative verbs. I have owned this house for 11 years. I ve hated broccoli since I was a child. The present perfect is often used with FOR or SINCE For = duration of time (general sense of time) We have been here for two weeks. Since = particular time (specific sense of time) I have been here since 7:00pm.
50 Speaking: 2 Truths and 1 Lie Write three sentences about yourself using the present perfect verb tense. Form: has/have + past participle OR has/have + not+ past participle 1. Unspecified time in past before now 2. Repetition of an activity before now 3. A completed action in the past with a connection to the present 4. An action that you still have the possibility to do (or do again) 5. When you say how many of something you have done (quantity)
51 2 Truths and 1 Lie 2 of the sentences must be true about yourself. 1 sentence must be a lie about yourself (not true). Example: I have met President Obama. I have jumped off a cliff. I have been on TV. Now, the people at your table have to guess which sentences are true and which one is a lie.
52 2 Truths and 1 Lie I have met President Obama. lie I have jumped off a cliff. true I have been on TV. true
53 Warm-Up: Listening pg. 10 Cell phones not mentioned 1. Things aren t going well for her. 2. She is having a serious money problem. 3. Someone got hold of her credit card number. 4. This is a good example of identity theft. 5. The person who got the number has been charging a lot on her card.
54 Listening pg $8,000 is involved. 7. She probably has to pay some back. 8. People are supposed to report problems like this immediately. 9. The Internet makes things easy, maybe too easy. 10. The downside is that it s easy for criminals to get information.
55 Review When do you use the present perfect? An action that happened at an unspecified time in the past An action that you still have the possibility to do (or do again) When you say how many of something you have done (quantity) Use the present perfect for actions that started in the past and have a connection to the present. Usually these actions are stative verbs. When do you use the present perfect progressive? CONTINUING ACTION that began in the past and continues now (and possibly to the future). To talk about how long something has been going on (duration) What are 2 common signal words used in present perfect and present perfect progressive? For = duration of time (general sense of time) Since = particular time (specific sense of time)
56 Review Key Difference Present Perfect We use the Present Perfect to express that an action is completed or to emphasize the result. Also used for unspecified time in the past. I have written 5 letters. (emphasize result) I have been to London twice. (emphasize result) Present Perfect Progressive We use the Present Perfect Progressive to emphasize the duration or continuous course of an action. I have been writing 5 letters for an hour. (emphasize duration) I have been teaching at Mt.SAC for two years. (emphasize duration) Remember stative verbs can t be changed to progressive form.
57 Present Perfect Progressive
58 Present Perfect Progressive CONTINUING ACTION that began in the past and continues now. The present progressive expresses actions that started in the past and continue until the present (and possibly to the future). I have been studying English for nine years. She has been cooking all morning long.
59 Present Perfect Progressive To talk about how long something has been going on (duration) We use present perfect progressive to express how long something has been happening. We have been waiting for you for twenty-five minutes. (for = how long?) We have been waiting for you since four o clock. (since = when?)
60 Helpful Tips Often use the present perfect and present perfect progressive with For + duration of time (general sense of time) Present Perfect Progressive: We have been living in California for a week. Since = particular time (specific sense of time) Present Perfect Progressive: She has been working at the restaurant since January.
61 Exercise 3: Present Perfect / Present Perfect Progressive pg.8
62 Answers 1. Have known 1. Stative verb 2. Have been 1. Stative verb 3. Have been living 1. Continuing action 4. Has been 1. Stative verb 2. Describing years of work 5. Has been working 5. Continuing action 6. Has been writing 5. Continuing action 7. Has also written 5. Because the books are completed/finished 6. Unspecified time
63 Answers 8. Has been 8. Stative verb 9. Describes years of work 9. Has taught 8. Unspecified time 9. Describes the last 12 years 10. Has been teaching 8. Continuing action 9. Key word = now 11. Have had 11. Stative verb 12. Have owned 11. Stative verb 13. Have been communicating 11. Continuing action 12. Because they still communicate online today
64 Group Sentences Pick at least 6 of the pictures. Write a sentence about each picture using the present perfect progressive verb tense. Write the sentences on the giant post-it note. Remember to use signal words for and since. Have at least two people from each group present your sentences to the class.
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