Chapter 6 INFLATION. ECON 141: Macroeconomics Inflation Dr. Mohammed Alwosabi. Dr. Mohammed Alwosabi
|
|
- Stewart Austin
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 hapter 6 INFLTION Dr. Mohammed lwosabi DEFINITION OF INFLTION Inflation is a process of continuous (persistent) increase in the price Inflation results in a decrease of the value of money. In the definition of inflation we have to observe that: t 1. Inflation is an increase in the prices of all goods and services not only of a particular good or service. 2. Inflation is an ongoing process, not a onetime jump in the price INFLTION RTE: To measure the inflation rate, we calculate the annual percentage change in the price - Inflation Rate = we measure the price level () of a country using GD Deflator or I. GD Deflator - GD Deflator Inflation Rate = GD Deflator Inflation Rate = I I - I USES OF INFLTION The inflation can result from either 1. an increase in aggregate demand (demand-pull inflation), or 2. a decrease in aggregate supply (cost-push inflation) Nevertheless, the direct source of inflation is the high growth rate of money supply with. Milton Friedman proposed that "inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon". Demand-ull Inflation Demand-pull inflation is a result of the increase in spending is faster than the increase in production of output. Demand-pull inflation starts as D increases and D curve shifts rightward. n increase in aggregate demand d is caused mainly by 1. the increase in quantity of money (Qm), 2. the increase in any of, I, G, or X The rocess of Demand-ull Inflation LS SS 3 SS E 2 D SS 1 D 3 D 2 D 1 Y Y 0 Y 1 1
2 Suppose in the, the economy is at LR full employment equilibrium point, where LS, D0 and SS0 intersect with each other. t this point, RGD = GD and = 0. In the current year, an increase in Q m,, I, G, or X leads to an increase in D D curve shifts rightward from D 0 to D 1 the new SR equilibrium is at point, t, RGD is greater than GD, price level increases from 0 to 1, real wage rate has decreased and unemployment falls below its natural rate (above FE) there is a shortage of labor money wage rate starts to increase to attract more labor SS starts to decrease SS curve starts to shift leftward starts to increase and RGD starts to decrease until SS curve shifted to SS 1 where it intersects D 1 and LS at point t point, RGD goes back to its potential LR and FE level (Y 0 ) and the price level increase further to 2. This process is only a one-time rise in. For inflation to proceed, D must persistently increase. Since now the money wage is higher which means people can spend more and as a result is higher ( 2 ), the only result is the increase in Q m increase in D D curve will shift from D 1 to D 2 the process will continue higher price level (inflation) This is an ongoing process of rising price ost-ush Inflation ost-push inflation arises due to a decrease in supply as a result of the rise in the per unit cost of production, mainly because of the 1. increase in wage rates 2. increase in the prices of key raw materials (e.g. oil price) ost-push inflation starts as SS increases and SS curve shifts leftward. t a given price level, the higher the cost of production, because of an increase in the money wage rate or an increase in the prices of raw material, the smaller is the amount that firms are willing to produce SS decreases SS shifts leftward an increase in prices and unemployment and a decrease in RGD stagflation 2
3 The rocess of ost-ush Inflation Y 1 LS SS3 SS 2 E SS 1 D D 3 D 2 D 1 Y Y 0 Suppose price level was 0 and GD is Y 0, where D 0, SS 0 and LS intersect at point, LR FE equilibrium. If nominal wages or prices of other factors of production production cost firms reduce production SS SS curve shifts leftward to SS2 to point. t point, price level increases to 1 and RGD decreases to Y1 and therefore unemployment increases above its natural rate (below FE) the combination of a rise in and a fall in RGD (and a rise in unemployment) is called stagflation. s a response to the increase in and a decrease in RGD, government increases Q m D increases D curve starts to shift rightward until it reaches D 1 at point, where D 1 intersects with SS 1 and LS. t point, the economy is at higher price level ( 2 ) and RGD goes back to GD (Y 0 ) at full employment With the new higher price, money wage rate and prices of other productive resources start to increase again which leads to increase in the cost of production SS curve will shift leftward from SS 1 to SS 2 stagflation the process will be repeated higher price level (inflation) This is an ongoing process of rising price Note that a one-time increase in the price of one resource without any following change in D produces stagflation but not inflation. EFFETS OF INFLTION Inflation may be anticipated (expected) or unanticipated (unexpected) moderate anticipated (expected) has a small cost, but a rapid anticipated inflation is costly because it decreases potential GD and slow growth. Unanticipated (unexpected) inflation has two main consequences in the labor market. (1) It redistributes income and (2) It results in the departure from full employment 1. Higher than anticipated inflation (unexpectedly high) lowers the real wage rate employers gain at the expense of workers increases the quantity of labor demanded, makes jobs easier to find, and lowers the unemployment rate. 2. Lower than anticipated inflation (unexpectedly low) raises the real wage rate workers gain at the expense of employers decreases the quantity of labor demanded, and increases the unemployment rate. 3
4 3. If workers and employers base their wages on an inflation forecast that turns out to be correct, neither workers nor employers gain or lose from the inflation. Unanticipated inflation has two main consequences in the market for financial capital: it redistributes income and results in too much or too little lending and borrowing. 1. When the inflation rate is higher than anticipated (unexpectedly high) the real interest rate is lower than anticipated borrowers gain but lenders lose borrowers want to have borrowed more and lenders want to have loaned less. 2. When the inflation rate is lower than anticipated (unexpectedly low) the real interest rate is higher than anticipated lenders gain but borrowers lose borrowers want to have borrowed less and lenders want to have loaned more INFLTION ND UNEMLOYMENT: THE HILLIS URVE hillips curve shows the inverse relationship between inflation rate (IR) and unemployment rate (UR). There are two time frames for hillips curves The short-run hillips curve The long-run hillips curve Our focus here is only on the SR hillips curve. The SR hillips curve (SR) slopes downward to show the tradeoff between inflation rate and unemployment rate holding constant both the expected inflation rate (EIR) and the natural rate of unemployment (NRU). EIR 0 IR NRU SR UR If inflation rises above its expected rate, Unemployment falls below its natural rate. This is represented by the movement from point to point along SR. If inflation rate falls below its expected rate, unemployment rises above its natural rate. This is represented by the movement from point to point along SR. Movements downward along the short-run hillips curve result from unanticipated decreases in aggregate demand. 4
5 n increase in the expected inflation rate or natural rate of unemployment shifts the short-run hillips curve rightward. SR is like SS curve. movement along SS curve that brings a higher price level and an increase in RGD is equivalent to a movement along SR that brings an increase in the inflation rate and a decrease in the unemployment rate Similarly, a movement along SS curve that brings a lower price level and a decrease in RGD is equivalent to a movement along SR that brings a decrease in the inflation rate and an increase in the unemployment rate 5
Effects of Inflation Unanticipated Inflation in the Labor Market
Effects of Inflation Unanticipated Inflation in the Labor Market Unanticipated inflation has two main consequences in the labor market: Redistribution of income Departure from full employment Effects of
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Suvey of Macroeconomics, MBA 641 Fall 2006, Final Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Modern macroeconomics emerged from
More information] 100 where P 1. is the current price level and P 0
C h a p t e r 12 INFLATION Chapter Key Ideas Outline From Rome to Rio de Janeiro A. Inflation is a very old problem and some countries even in recent times have experienced rates as high as 40 percent
More informationECON 3312 Macroeconomics Exam 3 Fall 2014. Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
ECON 3312 Macroeconomics Exam 3 Fall 2014 Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Everything else held constant, an increase in net
More informationCHAPTER 7: AGGREGATE DEMAND AND AGGREGATE SUPPLY
CHAPTER 7: AGGREGATE DEMAND AND AGGREGATE SUPPLY Learning goals of this chapter: What forces bring persistent and rapid expansion of real GDP? What causes inflation? Why do we have business cycles? How
More informationProblem Set #4: Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand Econ 100B: Intermediate Macroeconomics
roblem Set #4: Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand Econ 100B: Intermediate Macroeconomics 1) Explain the differences between demand-pull inflation and cost-push inflation. Demand-pull inflation results
More informationChapter 13. Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Analysis
Chapter 13. Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Analysis Instructor: JINKOOK LEE Department of Economics / Texas A&M University ECON 203 502 Principles of Macroeconomics In the short run, real GDP and
More informationPre-Test Chapter 15 ed17
Pre-Test Chapter 15 ed17 Multiple Choice Questions 1. The extended AD-AS model: A. distinguishes between short-run and long-run aggregate demand. B. explains inflation but not recession. C. includes G
More informationMONEY, INTEREST, REAL GDP, AND THE PRICE LEVEL*
Chapter 11 MONEY, INTEREST, REAL GDP, AND THE PRICE LEVEL* The Demand for Topic: Influences on Holding 1) The quantity of money that people choose to hold depends on which of the following? I. The price
More informationAggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand
26 Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand Learning Objectives Explain what determines aggregate supply Explain what determines aggregate demand Explain what determines real GDP and the price level and how
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Econ 111 Summer 2007 Final Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The classical dichotomy allows us to explore economic growth
More informationPre-Test Chapter 10 ed17
Pre-Test Chapter 10 ed17 Multiple Choice Questions 1. Refer to the above diagrams. Assuming a constant price level, an increase in aggregate expenditures from AE 1 to AE 2 would: A. move the economy from
More informationBADM 527, Fall 2013. Midterm Exam 2. Multiple Choice: 3 points each. Answer the questions on the separate bubble sheet. NAME
BADM 527, Fall 2013 Name: Midterm Exam 2 November 7, 2013 Multiple Choice: 3 points each. Answer the questions on the separate bubble sheet. NAME 1. According to classical theory, national income (Real
More informationAggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Ing. Mansoor Maitah Ph.D. et Ph.D.
Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Ing. Mansoor Maitah Ph.D. et Ph.D. Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Economic fluctuations, also called business cycles, are movements of GDP away from potential
More informationChapter 12: Aggregate Supply and Phillips Curve
Chapter 12: Aggregate Supply and Phillips Curve In this chapter we explain the position and slope of the short run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve. SRAS curve can also be relabeled as Phillips curve. A basic
More informationTHREE KEY FACTS ABOUT ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS
15 In this chapter, look for the answers to these questions: What are economic fluctuations? What are their characteristics? How does the model of demand and explain economic fluctuations? Why does the
More informationChapter 12 Unemployment and Inflation
Chapter 12 Unemployment and Inflation Multiple Choice Questions 1. The origin of the idea of a trade-off between inflation and unemployment was a 1958 article by (a) A.W. Phillips. (b) Edmund Phelps. (c)
More informationLECTURE NOTES ON MACROECONOMIC PRINCIPLES
LECTURE NOTES ON MACROECONOMIC PRINCIPLES Peter Ireland Department of Economics Boston College peter.ireland@bc.edu http://www2.bc.edu/peter-ireland/ec132.html Copyright (c) 2013 by Peter Ireland. Redistribution
More information7 AGGREGATE SUPPLY AND AGGREGATE DEMAND* Chapter. Key Concepts
Chapter 7 AGGREGATE SUPPLY AND AGGREGATE DEMAND* Key Concepts Aggregate Supply The aggregate production function shows that the quantity of real GDP (Y ) supplied depends on the quantity of labor (L ),
More informationEcon 102 Aggregate Supply and Demand
Econ 102 ggregate Supply and Demand 1. s on previous homework assignments, turn in a news article together with your summary and explanation of why it is relevant to this week s topic, ggregate Supply
More informationchapter: Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Krugman/Wells 2009 Worth Publishers 1 of 58
chapter: 12 >> Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Krugman/Wells 2009 Worth Publishers 1 of 58 WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS CHAPTER How the aggregate demand curve illustrates the relationship between
More informationAgenda. The IS-LM/AD-AS Model: A General Framework for Macroeconomic Analysis, Part 3. Disequilibrium in the AD-AS model
Agenda The IS-LM/AD-AS Model: A General Framework for Macroeconomic Analysis, art 3 rice Adjustment and the Attainment of General Equilibrium 13-1 13-2 General equilibrium in the AD-AS model Disequilibrium
More informationCh.6 Aggregate Supply, Wages, Prices, and Unemployment
1 Econ 302 Intermediate Macroeconomics Chul-Woo Kwon Ch.6 Aggregate Supply, Wages, rices, and Unemployment I. Introduction A. The dynamic changes of and the price adjustment B. Link between the price change
More informationUnemployment and Inflation
Unemployment and Inflation Unemployment Inflation Costs of Unemployment Personal Cost Loss of income Loss of self-esteem Increase in stress related psychological problems Increase in incidence of crime,
More informationEcon 202 Final Exam. Table 3-1 Labor Hours Needed to Make 1 Pound of: Meat Potatoes Farmer 8 2 Rancher 4 5
Econ 202 Final Exam 1. If inflation expectations rise, the short-run Phillips curve shifts a. right, so that at any inflation rate unemployment is higher. b. left, so that at any inflation rate unemployment
More informationCH 10 - REVIEW QUESTIONS
CH 10 - REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. The short-run aggregate supply curve is horizontal at: A) a level of output determined by aggregate demand. B) the natural level of output. C) the level of output at which the
More informationPracticed Questions. Chapter 20
Practiced Questions Chapter 20 1. The model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply a. is different from the model of supply and demand for a particular market, in that we cannot focus on the substitution
More informationChapter 9. The IS-LM/AD-AS Model: A General Framework for Macroeconomic Analysis. 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved
Chapter 9 The IS-LM/AD-AS Model: A General Framework for Macroeconomic Analysis Chapter Outline The FE Line: Equilibrium in the Labor Market The IS Curve: Equilibrium in the Goods Market The LM Curve:
More information4 Macroeconomics LESSON 6
4 Macroeconomics LESSON 6 Interest Rates and Monetary Policy in the Short Run and the Long Run Introduction and Description This lesson explores the relationship between the nominal interest rate and the
More informationI d ( r; MPK f, τ) Y < C d +I d +G
1. Use the IS-LM model to determine the effects of each of the following on the general equilibrium values of the real wage, employment, output, the real interest rate, consumption, investment, and the
More information12.1 Introduction. 12.2 The MP Curve: Monetary Policy and the Interest Rates 1/24/2013. Monetary Policy and the Phillips Curve
Chapter 12 Monetary Policy and the Phillips Curve By Charles I. Jones Media Slides Created By Dave Brown Penn State University The short-run model summary: Through the MP curve the nominal interest rate
More informationThe Aggregate Demand- Aggregate Supply (AD-AS) Model
The AD-AS Model The Aggregate Demand- Aggregate Supply (AD-AS) Model Chapter 9 The AD-AS Model addresses two deficiencies of the AE Model: No explicit modeling of aggregate supply. Fixed price level. 2
More informationMacroeconomics, Fall 2007 Exam 3, TTh classes, various versions
Name: _ Days/Times Class Meets: Today s Date: Macroeconomics, Fall 2007 Exam 3, TTh classes, various versions Read these Instructions carefully! You must follow them exactly! I) On your Scantron card you
More informationMONEY, INTEREST, REAL GDP, AND THE PRICE LEVEL*
Chapter 11 MONEY, INTEREST, REAL GDP, AND THE PRICE LEVEL* Key Concepts The Demand for Money Four factors influence the demand for money: The price level An increase in the price level increases the nominal
More informationAnswer: C Learning Objective: Money supply Level of Learning: Knowledge Type: Word Problem Source: Unique
1.The aggregate demand curve shows the relationship between inflation and: A) the nominal interest rate. D) the exchange rate. B) the real interest rate. E) short-run equilibrium output. C) the unemployment
More informationExtra Problems #3. ECON 410.502 Macroeconomic Theory Spring 2010 Instructor: Guangyi Ma. Notice:
ECON 410.502 Macroeconomic Theory Spring 2010 Instructor: Guangyi Ma Extra Problems #3 Notice: (1) There are 25 multiple-choice problems covering Chapter 6, 9, 10, 11. These problems are not homework and
More informationEcon 303: Intermediate Macroeconomics I Dr. Sauer Sample Questions for Exam #3
Econ 303: Intermediate Macroeconomics I Dr. Sauer Sample Questions for Exam #3 1. When firms experience unplanned inventory accumulation, they typically: A) build new plants. B) lay off workers and reduce
More informationInflation and Unemployment CHAPTER 22 THE SHORT-RUN TRADE-OFF 0
22 The Short-Run Trade-off Between Inflation and Unemployment CHAPTER 22 THE SHORT-RUN TRADE-OFF 0 In this chapter, look for the answers to these questions: How are inflation and unemployment related in
More informationCauses & Inflation. Causes of inflation 01/11/2010. A2 Economics, November 2010
Causes & Effects of Inflation A2 Economics, November 2010 Causes of inflation Inflation is a sustained increase in the general level of prices There are many possible causes of price inflation in an economy
More informationFor a closed economy, the national income identity is written as Y = F (K; L)
A CLOSED ECONOMY IN THE LONG (MEDIUM) RUN For a closed economy, the national income identity is written as Y = C(Y T ) + I(r) + G the left hand side of the equation is the total supply of goods and services
More informationLong run v.s. short run. Introduction. Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply. In this chapter, look for the answers to these questions:
33 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply R I N C I L E S O F ECONOMICS FOURTH EDITION N. GREGOR MANKIW Long run v.s. short run Long run growth: what determines long-run output (and the related employment
More informationLesson 8 - Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
Lesson 8 - Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Acknowledgement: Ed Sexton and Kerry Webb were the primary authors of the material contained in this lesson. Section 1: Aggregate Demand The second macroeconomic
More informationUsing Policy to Stabilize the Economy
Using Policy to Stabilize the Economy Since the Employment ct of 1946, economic stabilization has been a goal of U.S. policy. Economists debate how active a role the govt should take to stabilize the economy.
More informationAgenda. Business Cycles. What Is a Business Cycle? What Is a Business Cycle? What is a Business Cycle? Business Cycle Facts.
Agenda What is a Business Cycle? Business Cycles.. 11-1 11-2 Business cycles are the short-run fluctuations in aggregate economic activity around its long-run growth path. Y Time 11-3 11-4 1 Components
More informationAggregate Price Levels. Inflation. Consumer Price Index (CPI)
Aggregate Price Levels Inflation Defining inflation Generally, we consider inflation to be a sustained rise in the average price level over a period of years When the overall price level is rising, the
More informationChapter 6 Economic Growth
Chapter 6 Economic Growth 1 The Basics of Economic Growth 1) The best definition for economic growth is A) a sustained expansion of production possibilities measured as the increase in real GDP over a
More informationTutor2u Economics Essay Plans Summer 2002
Macroeconomics Revision Essay Plan (2): Inflation and Unemployment and Economic Policy (a) Explain why it is considered important to control inflation (20 marks) (b) Discuss how a government s commitment
More informationThe Circular Flow of Income and Expenditure
The Circular Flow of Income and Expenditure Imports HOUSEHOLDS Savings Taxation Govt Exp OTHER ECONOMIES GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS Factor Incomes Taxation Govt Exp Consumer Exp Exports FIRMS Capital
More information7 AGGREGATE SUPPLY AND AGGREGATE DEMAND* * Chapter Key Ideas. Outline
C h a p t e r 7 AGGREGATE SUPPLY AND AGGREGATE DEMAND* * Chapter Key Ideas Outline Production and Prices A. What forces bring persistent and rapid expansion of real GDP? B. What leads to inflation? C.
More informationPre-Test Chapter 11 ed17
Pre-Test Chapter 11 ed17 Multiple Choice Questions 1. Built-in stability means that: A. an annually balanced budget will offset the procyclical tendencies created by state and local finance and thereby
More information10/7/2013. Chapter 9: Introduction to Economic Fluctuations. Facts about the business cycle. Unemployment. Okun s Law Y Y
Facts about the business cycle Chapter 9: GD growth averages 3 3.5 percent per year over the long run with large fluctuations in the short run. Consumption and investment fluctuate with GD, but consumption
More information2.5 Monetary policy: Interest rates
2.5 Monetary policy: Interest rates Learning Outcomes Describe the role of central banks as regulators of commercial banks and bankers to governments. Explain that central banks are usually made responsible
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Study Questions 5 (Money) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The functions of money are 1) A) medium of exchange, unit of account,
More informationRefer to Figure 17-1
Chapter 17 1. Inflation can be measured by the a. change in the consumer price index. b. percentage change in the consumer price index. c. percentage change in the price of a specific commodity. d. change
More informationIn the news. The Global Economy Aggregate Supply & Demand. Roadmap. In the news. In the news. In the news
In the news 50% 45% The Global Economy ggregate Supply & Demand Top 10% Income Share 40% 35% 30% Including capital gains Excluding capital gains 25% 1917 1922 1927 1932 1937 1942 1947 1952 1957 1962 1967
More informationAggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply, and the Self-Correcting Economy
Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply, and the Self-Correcting Economy The Role of Aggregate Demand & Supply Endogenizing the Price Level Inflation Deflation Price Stability The Aggregate Demand Curve Relates
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Survey of Macroeconomics, MBA 641 Fall 2006, Quiz 4 Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The central bank for the United States
More informationChapter 7: Classical-Keynesian Controversy John Petroff
Chapter 7: Classical-Keynesian Controversy John Petroff The purpose of this topic is show two alternative views of the business cycle and the major problems of unemployment and inflation. The classical
More informationThinkwell s Homeschool Economics Course Lesson Plan: 36 weeks
Thinkwell s Homeschool Economics Course Lesson Plan: 36 weeks Welcome to Thinkwell s Homeschool Economics! We re thrilled that you ve decided to make us part of your homeschool curriculum. This lesson
More informationAnswers to Text Questions and Problems in Chapter 11
Answers to Text Questions and Problems in Chapter 11 Answers to Review Questions 1. The aggregate demand curve relates aggregate demand (equal to short-run equilibrium output) to inflation. As inflation
More information2. With an MPS of.4, the MPC will be: A) 1.0 minus.4. B).4 minus 1.0. C) the reciprocal of the MPS. D).4. Answer: A
1. If Carol's disposable income increases from $1,200 to $1,700 and her level of saving increases from minus $100 to a plus $100, her marginal propensity to: A) save is three-fifths. B) consume is one-half.
More informationI. Introduction to Aggregate Demand/Aggregate Supply Model
University of California-Davis Economics 1B-Intro to Macro Handout 8 TA: Jason Lee Email: jawlee@ucdavis.edu I. Introduction to Aggregate Demand/Aggregate Supply Model In this chapter we develop a model
More informationFISCAL POLICY* Chapter. Key Concepts
Chapter 11 FISCAL POLICY* Key Concepts The Federal Budget The federal budget is an annual statement of the government s expenditures and tax revenues. Using the federal budget to achieve macroeconomic
More informationSolution. Solution. Monetary Policy. macroeconomics. economics
KrugmanMacro_SM_Ch14.qxp 10/27/05 3:25 PM Page 165 Monetary Policy 1. Go to the FOMC page of the Federal Reserve Board s website (http://www. federalreserve.gov/fomc/) to find the statement issued after
More informationHow To Understand The Unemployment Rate
13.1 Unemployment Objectives Distinguish among four types of unemployment. Discuss the unemployment rate, and describe how it differs over time and across groups. Explain who is eligible for unemployment
More informationUse the following to answer question 15: Exhibit: Short-run Phillips Curve. Page 3
Chapter 13 1. According to the sticky-price model: A) all firms announce their prices in advance. B) all firms set their prices in accord with observed prices and output. C) some firms set their prices
More informationUse the following to answer question 9: Exhibit: Keynesian Cross
1. Leading economic indicators are: A) the most popular economic statistics. B) data that are used to construct the consumer price index and the unemployment rate. C) variables that tend to fluctuate in
More informationGovernment Budget and Fiscal Policy CHAPTER
Government Budget and Fiscal Policy 11 CHAPTER The National Budget The national budget is the annual statement of the government s expenditures and tax revenues. Fiscal policy is the use of the federal
More informationSession 12. Aggregate Supply: The Phillips curve. Credibility
Session 12. Aggregate Supply: The Phillips curve. Credibility v Potential Output and v Okun s law v The Role of Expectations and the Phillips Curve v Oil Prices and v US Monetary Policy and World Real
More informationIn this chapter we learn the potential causes of fluctuations in national income. We focus on demand shocks other than supply shocks.
Chapter 11: Applying IS-LM Model In this chapter we learn the potential causes of fluctuations in national income. We focus on demand shocks other than supply shocks. We also learn how the IS-LM model
More informationEC2105, Professor Laury EXAM 2, FORM A (3/13/02)
EC2105, Professor Laury EXAM 2, FORM A (3/13/02) Print Your Name: ID Number: Multiple Choice (32 questions, 2.5 points each; 80 points total). Clearly indicate (by circling) the ONE BEST response to each
More informationChapter: Practice Exam for Macro Indicators. Instruction: Name: Date: Multiple Choice
Chapter: Practice Exam for Macro Indicators Instruction: Name: Date: Multiple Choice 1. GDP does not include A) vegetables grown and consumed by a nonfarm family. B) the purchase of a new Porsche. C) the
More informationAnswers: 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5 D 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. A * Adapted from the Study Guide
Economics 101 Quiz #1 Fall 2002 1. Assume that there are two goods, A and B. In 1996, Americans produced 20 units of A at a price of $10 and 40 units of B at a price of $50. In 2002, Americans produced
More informationEcon 202 H01 Final Exam Spring 2005
Econ202Final Spring 2005 1 Econ 202 H01 Final Exam Spring 2005 1. Which of the following tends to reduce the size of a shift in aggregate demand? a. the multiplier effect b. the crowding-out effect c.
More informationON THE DEATH OF THE PHILLIPS CURVE William A. Niskanen
ON THE DEATH OF THE PHILLIPS CURVE William A. Niskanen There is no evidence of a Phillips curve showing a tradeoff between unemployment and inflation. The function for estimating the nonaccelerating inflation
More informationINTRODUCTION AGGREGATE DEMAND MACRO EQUILIBRIUM MACRO EQUILIBRIUM THE DESIRED ADJUSTMENT THE DESIRED ADJUSTMENT
Chapter 9 AGGREGATE DEMAND INTRODUCTION The Great Depression was a springboard for the Keynesian approach to economic policy. Keynes asked: What are the components of aggregate demand? What determines
More informationProblem Set for Chapter 20(Multiple choices)
Problem Set for hapter 20(Multiple choices) 1. According to the theory of liquidity preference, a. if the interest rate is below the equilibrium level, then the quantity of money people want to hold is
More informationThe Money Market and the Interest Rate. 2003 South-Western/Thomson Learning
The Money Market and the Interest Rate 2003 South-Western/Thomson Learning Individuals Demand for Money An individual s quantity of money demanded is the amount of wealth that the individual chooses to
More informationIntroduction to Macroeconomics 1012 Final Exam Spring 2013 Instructor: Elsie Sawatzky
Introduction to Macroeconomics 1012 Final Exam Spring 2013 Instructor: Elsie Sawatzky Name Time: 2 hours Marks: 80 Multiple choice questions 1 mark each and a choice of 2 out of 3 short answer question
More informationa) Aggregate Demand (AD) and Aggregate Supply (AS) analysis
a) Aggregate Demand (AD) and Aggregate Supply (AS) analysis Determinants of AD: Aggregate demand is the total demand in the economy. It measures spending on goods and services by consumers, firms, the
More informationEquilibrium in the Aggregate Economy. Equilibrium in Aggregate Economy. Short-Run Equilibrium. Short-Run Equilibrium
quilibrium in Aggregate conomy quilibrium in the Aggregate conomy Changes in the SAS, AD, and curves affect short-run and long-run equilibrium. Short-Run quilibrium Short-run equilibrium is where the AS
More informationChapter 07 Interest Rates and Present Value
Chapter 07 Interest Rates and Present Value Multiple Choice Questions 1. The percentage of a balance that a borrower must pay a lender is called the a. Inflation rate b. Usury rate C. Interest rate d.
More informationEconomics 101 Multiple Choice Questions for Final Examination Miller
Economics 101 Multiple Choice Questions for Final Examination Miller PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS EXAMINATION FORM. 1. Which of the following statements is correct? a. Real GDP is the total market value
More informationCHAPTER. Aggregate Demand and Supply
CHAPTER 20 Aggregate Demand and Supply A s explained in the previous two chapters, before British economist John Maynard Keynes, classical economic theory argued that the economy would bounce back to full
More informationAP Macroeconomics 2003 Scoring Guidelines Form B
AP Macroeconomics 2003 Scoring Guidelines Form B The materials included in these files are intended for use by AP teachers for course and exam preparation; permission for any other use must be sought from
More informationAnswers. Event: a tax cut 1. affects C, AD curve 2. shifts AD right 3. SR eq m at point B. P and Y higher, unemp lower 4.
A C T I V E L E A R N I N G 2: Answers Event: a tax cut 1. affects C, AD curve 2. shifts AD right 3. SR eq m at point B. P and Y higher, unemp lower 4. Over time, P E rises, SRAS shifts left, until LR
More information2.If actual investment is greater than planned investment, inventories increase more than planned. TRUE.
Macro final exam study guide True/False questions - Solutions Case, Fair, Oster Chapter 8 Aggregate Expenditure and Equilibrium Output 1.Firms react to unplanned inventory investment by reducing output.
More informationAgenda. Productivity, Output, and Employment, Part 1. The Production Function. The Production Function. The Production Function. The Demand for Labor
Agenda Productivity, Output, and Employment, Part 1 3-1 3-2 A production function shows how businesses transform factors of production into output of goods and services through the applications of technology.
More informationAP Macroeconomics 2010 Scoring Guidelines
AP Macroeconomics 2010 Scoring Guidelines The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded
More informationCHAPTER 9 Building the Aggregate Expenditures Model
CHAPTER 9 Building the Aggregate Expenditures Model Topic Question numbers 1. Consumption function/apc/mpc 1-42 2. Saving function/aps/mps 43-56 3. Shifts in consumption and saving functions 57-72 4 Graphs/tables:
More information17. Suppose demand is given by Q d = 400 15P + I, where Q d is quantity demanded, P is. I = 100, equilibrium quantity is A) 15 B) 20 C) 25 D) 30
Ch. 2 1. A relationship that shows the quantity of goods that consumers are willing to buy at different prices is the A) elasticity B) market demand curve C) market supply curve D) market equilibrium 2.
More informationLabor Market and Unemployment Ing. Mansoor Maitah Ph.D.
Labor Market and Unemployment Ing. Mansoor Maitah Ph.D. Product and Factor Markets Demand for Goods and Services Market of Goods and Services S D Supply of Goods and Services Households Firms Supply of
More informationMacroeconomics 2301 Potential questions and study guide for exam 2. Any 6 of these questions could be on your exam!
Macroeconomics 2301 Potential questions and study guide for exam 2 Any 6 of these questions could be on your exam! 1. GDP is a key concept in Macroeconomics. a. What is the definition of GDP? b. List and
More informationA decline in the stock market, which makes consumers poorer, would cause the aggregate demand curve to shift to the left.
Economics 304 Final Exam Fall 2000 PART I: TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. (1.5 pts. each) A decline in the stock market, which makes consumers poorer,
More informationChapter 11: Extending the Sticky-Price Model: IS- LM, International Side, and AS-AD
Chapter 11 1 Final Chapter 11: Extending the Sticky-Price Model: IS- LM, International Side, and AS-AD J. Bradford DeLong Questions What is money-market equilibrium? What is the LM Curve? What determines
More informationEcon 202 Final Exam. Douglas, Spring 2006 PLEDGE: I have neither given nor received unauthorized help on this exam.
, Spring 2006 PLEDGE: I have neither given nor received unauthorized help on this exam. SIGNED: PRINT NAME: Econ 202 Final Exam 1. When the government spends more, the initial effect is that a. aggregate
More informationEcon 202 Section 2 Final Exam
Douglas, Fall 2009 December 17, 2009 A: Special Code 0000 PLEDGE: I have neither given nor received unauthorized help on this exam. SIGNED: PRINT NAME: Econ 202 Section 2 Final Exam 1. The present value
More informationS.Y.B.COM. (SEM-III) ECONOMICS
Fill in the Blanks. Module 1 S.Y.B.COM. (SEM-III) ECONOMICS 1. The continuous flow of money and goods and services between firms and households is called the Circular Flow. 2. Saving constitute a leakage
More informationFinance, Saving, and Investment
23 Finance, Saving, and Investment Learning Objectives The flows of funds through financial markets and the financial institutions Borrowing and lending decisions in financial markets Effects of government
More information