Developing LTE into a ubiquitous wireless WAN for M2M

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1 Developing LTE into a ubiquitous wireless WAN for M2M 6 7 November 2013 Matthew Webb and Yuichi Morioka Sony Europe Limited

2 M2M/MTC and LTE Development Scope of M2M-specific enhancements in 3GPP LTE has expanded in recent years Reflects the unique characteristics of M2M devices, traffic and behavior, and the need for efficient M2M/H2H coexistence Most recent new work is focused at physical layer ( RAN1 ) Complexity/cost reduction of LTE modem toward EGPRS modem cost Coverage extension to facilitate some challenging M2M use cases Outline what RAN1 studied and is now working to standardize 2

3 LTE Evolution for M2M applications LTE/LTE-A is designed to deliver high data rates, high mobility, and short latency, but this comes at higher modem cost M2M communications may not have all those requirements, so how can we exploit its differences vs. H2H to fine-tune LTE s capabilities? Four main efforts within 3GPP Enable low complexity/cost modem design at the physical layer Extend cell coverage to reach difficult locations for (nearly) stationary UEs Reduce device power consumption, mainly at MAC and signalling Protect the network from being overloaded in crisis situations 3

4 3GPP low-complexity M2M LTE: Schedule 3GPP Standardization/Productization 10/2011: Study of Low Cost LTE started 6/2013: 3GPP Rel-12 MTC Specification Starts 2017: Product for Light Weight LTE Study Phase Specification Chip Development Productization of light-weight LTE expected as soon as 2017 Creating low cost LTE together with current full spec LTE could allow ubiquitous WAN communication architecture suitable for a wide range of consumer electronics and other devices Low cost LTE devices and full spec LTE devices can coexist within the same network This would give confidence to manufacturers to implement M2M LTE, and confidence to customers when buying devices Low Cost LTE together with full spec LTE will serve a wide range of M2M applications 4

5 Goals and Requirements Specify an LTE UE for MTC with bill-of-materials cost comparable to an EGPRS modem targeting a 50% cost reduction Ensure that coverage for a low-cost MTC LTE UE is not worse than a GSM MTC device in a GSM network, or a normal LTE UE in an LTE network Extend coverage by up to 20 db for low cost and normal cost MTC UEs Ensure good radio frequency co-existence with Rel 8-10 LTE, with MTC UEs on same carrier as normal UEs Re-use existing LTE/SAE network architecture Low-cost MTC device support limited mobility and are low power modules 5

6 Goals and Requirements Specify an LTE UE for MTC with bill-of-materials cost comparable to an EGPRS modem targeting a 50% cost reduction Ensure that coverage for a low-cost MTC LTE UE is not worse than a GSM MTC device in a GSM network, or a normal LTE UE in an LTE network Extend coverage by up to 20 db for low cost and normal cost MTC UEs Ensure good radio frequency co-existence with Rel 8-10 LTE, with MTC UEs on same carrier as normal UEs Re-use existing LTE/SAE network architecture Low-cost MTC device support limited mobility and are low power modules 6

7 How to achieve low-complexity LTE? 3GPP has studied the cost of each component in an LTE modem Identified cost/complexity -reduction approaches Reduction of maximum bandwidth Reduction of transmit power Single receive RF chain Half duplex operation Reduction of peak rate Fewer downlink transmission modes These can eliminate up to up to 59% of the modem cost Filters Duplexer 20% PA 25% RF transceiver 45% DL control FFT/IFFT processing 5% 5% UL processing Turbo decoding Sync HARQ buffer MIMO 5% RX processing 20% Buffering ADC/DAC 15% RF costs example (40% of total) Baseband costs example (60% of total) 7

8 How to achieve low-complexity LTE? 3GPP has studied the cost of each component in an LTE modem Identified cost/complexity -reduction approaches Reduction of maximum bandwidth Reduction of transmit power Single receive RF chain [Half duplex operation] Reduction of peak rate Fewer downlink transmission modes These can eliminate up to up to 59% of the modem cost Filters Duplexer 20% PA 25% RF transceiver 45% DL control FFT/IFFT processing 5% 5% UL processing Turbo decoding Sync HARQ buffer MIMO 5% RX processing 20% Buffering ADC/DAC 15% RF costs example (40% of total) Baseband costs example (60% of total) 8

9 Reduced maximum bandwidth DL bandwidth reduction options RF and baseband reduction Only baseband reduction for data + control Only baseband reduction for only data UL bandwidth reduction savings are small Main cost savings are in DL baseband: Lower complexity IFFT/FFT Receiver baseband processing Turbo decoding HARQ buffer size DL control processing Could reduce modem cost by nearly 40% Impacts are mainly from loss of capacity and loss of frequency diversity freq DL control channel User 2 data channel User 1 data channel User 3 data channel User 4 data channel time 9

10 Hardware simplification Focus on lower-performance devices A single receive-rf chain could save ~50% of RX filtering cost ~50% of RF chain cost But <<50% of overall transceiver cost due to common components, e.g. frequency synthesis Baseband savings in FFT, channel estimation, ADC, and buffering costs of approx 50% Overall modem saving 15% 40% Half duplex FDD Replaces duplexer with much cheaper switch Could use cost-optimized HD-FDD RF components Impacts are mainly on coverage, capacity, and UL/DL timing and scheduling 10

11 Reduction of peak rate requirements A Cat-1 LTE device must support up to 10 (dl) / 5 (ul) Mbps But this can be relaxed for low-cost devices Reduce UL/DL block size Device only has to process ~1000 bit/ms instead of 10,000 Less UL processing, turbo (de-)coding, HARQ buffering Restrict size of uplink grant (if UL bandwidth reduced) Allow device to support max. 6 RBs instead of 100 Less UL processing, turbo coding, HARQ buffering Modem cost saving up to ~15% (all from baseband) Impacts are mainly on latency, on-time of TX and relative overhead of control messages Restricting modulation to QPSK not recommended due to significant cell spectral efficiency losses 100 RBs 6 RBs ms

12 LTE coverage extension for M2M Challenging Coverage Requirement for M2M 10 sec latency 20 / 100 bytes Coverage requirement may be more stringent for M2M than conventional H2H communication Some M2M devices can not be moved e.g. TV or smart meter in a basement Could need >15 db more link budget 3GPP studied ways to enhance low cost LTE so that it can provide required coverage for M2M M2M traffic types can be more relaxed than H2H 5 sec latency 100 bytes, uplink only 1 hour latency 100 bytes, uplink only WAN module Periodic Report Command Response Exception Report WAN 12

13 Coverage extension: Repetition Repetition is a simple way to increase the received signal energy HARQ can already be used, but does not give 15 db gain Simulation results: Broadcast data: repetitions Downlink data: x100s of repetitions Downlink control data: repetitions Main challenges are from: Channel estimation over long transmission durations Coupling between repetition of control and repetition of data Possible cell spectral efficiency loss 13

14 Coverage extension: Power-density boosting Not all radio resources are in use at all times, so can concentrate basestation transmit power into resources identified as for M2M comms Can give up to 12 db gain in current LTE carriers Main challenges are from: Inter-cell interference coordination Availability of unused radio resource and power EVM and IMD interference into adjacent frequencies 14

15 Coverage extension: Uplink relay / Small cells Transmit power imbalance uplink/downlink Macrocell can transmit with high power Terminal device is limited to e.g. 23 dbm Coverage may be improved if uplink and downlink are provided by different nodes Downlink from macro Uplink via relay Main challenges are from: Latency of relay->basestation backhaul Need to deploy many small cells Interference management Potential Coverage Enhancement 15

16 Summary Ubiquitous M2M Communication through LTE M2M communications enables new applications with varying requirements M2M characteristics can be very different from H2H, but it is desirable to have a single, reliable, cheap, wireless technology enabling the domain LTE is being enhanced to specifically suit M2M communications Low-cost modem design Low power operation Coverage extension for reach and reliability Network protection from M2M overload 16

17 SONY or make.believe is a registered trademark and/or trademark of Sony Corporation. Names of Sony products and services are the registered trademarks and/or trademarks of Sony Corporation or its Group companies. Other company names and product names are the registered trademarks and/or trademarks of the respective companies.

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