SPRINKLER PROTECTION IN THAN 4 STOREYS IN HEIGHT

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1 SPRINKLER PROTECTION IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS GREATER THAN 4 STOREYS IN HEIGHT

2 Don Casey, LEL, CET, CFPS, BCIN 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 2

3 TOPICS Changes to the OBC Relevant NFPA Standards Where is protection required Obstructions ti to water discharge Occupancy classifications Various hazards 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 3

4 OBC GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 4

5 OBC SPRINKLER MANDATE Therequirement to provide sprinkler protection in residential buildings in excess of four storeys was introduced through an amendment to the 2006 OBC on April 1, Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 5

6 OBC MANDATE For new residential construction, sprinkler protection ti requirements mandated dtdby the relevant OBC Construction Article When required, sprinkler protection addressed by OBC Article Automatic Sprinkler Protection Article identifies three NFPA Standards specific to sprinkler protection requirements Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 6

7 NFPA STANDARDS NFPA 13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems NFPA 13R Standard d for the Installation ti of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height NFPA 13D Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One and Two Family Dwellings and Mobile Homes 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 7

8 NFPA 13 This presentation will focus on NFPA 13 The applicable Standard when dealing with residential buildings greater than 4 storeys high 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 8

9 OBC SPECIFIC ITEMS 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 9

10 OBC SPECIFIC ITEMS OBC generally defaults to NFPA 13 for design, installation and testing requirements There are some OBC specific items that must be followed 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 10

11 OBC SPECIFIC ITEMS Six OBC Articles that come into play with respect to sprinkler design Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 11

12 OBC SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS Article discusses the use of combustible sprinkler pp pipe Where permitted Restrictions 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 12

13 OBC SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS Article discusses sprinklered service spaces Alarm / monitoring Where required Garbage chutes 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 13

14 OBC SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS Article discusses fire department connections Article discuss protection against freezing temperatures Article discusses fire pumps 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 14

15 OBC SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS Back to Article : Article does not allow omission of heads in rooms or closets of top storey if sprinkler protection is used to waive roof rating Req d to provide cooling to u/s of roof as fire resistance rating of the roof is waived in sprinklered building 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 15

16 OBC SPECIFIED USE OF FAST RESPONSE SPRINKLERS Fast response sprinklers SHALL be installed in sprinklered residential occupancies Differs from NFPA 13 which allows for use of quick response OR fast response residential type sprinklers 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 16

17 THERMAL SENSITIVITY 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 17

18 THERMAL SENSITIVITY Fast response is a reference to the thermal sensitivity of the sprinkler heads Three classifications: Standard response, Quick response, and Fast response Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 18

19 RESPONSE TIME INDEX The classification is based on the Response Time Index (RTI) of the sprinkler which is determined through testing Fast response sprinklers have a lower RTI than quick ikresponse sprinklers which h have a lower RTI than standard response sprinklers The lower the RTI, the faster a sprinkler head will activate 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 19

20 THERMAL SENSITIVITY Standard response heads More traditional Quick response Common in light hazard occupancies Fast response sprinklers Some very specific storage type sprinklers Residential sprinklers 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 20

21 THERMAL SENSITIVITY Fast response sprinklers Will react faster to get water on fire sooner to control fire 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 21

22 WHICH EDITION OF NFPA 13? 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 22

23 WHICH EDITION OF NFPA 13 OBC Article requires sprinkler protection per NFPA 13 The 2006 OBC references the 2007 edition of NFPA 13 in Table in OBC Div. B Part 1 This remains unchanged in the 2012 OBC 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 23

24 NFPA 13 EDITION There are two editions that have been published since 2007; the 2010 and 2013 editions While the 2007 edition is legal, Often, the more up to date editions will be referenced for added clarification, new design concepts, changes in approaches Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 24

25 NFPA 13 EDITION Some of these differences between the 2007 (legal) and the 2013 (most up to date) editions will be discussed later 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 25

26 WHERE IS PROTECTION REQUIRED? 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 26

27 WHERE IS PROTECTION REQUIRED The basic requirement of NFPA 13 is that sprinklers are required to be installed throughout a building The Standard will then provide specific areas where sprinkler protection is is permitted to be waived 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 27

28 WHERE CAN PROTECTION BE WAIVED Many of these areas are concealed spaces that are noncombustible, are provided with limited access, and do not permit an occupancy or storage For example, the space between a drywall ceiling and the underside of the concrete floor slab above Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 28

29 WHERE CAN PROTECTION BE WAIVED Some areas more specific to higher residential buildings include: Washrooms Closets Balconies 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 29

30 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM WASHROOMS The option of omitting sprinklers from certain washrooms in residential buildings has been available dating back at least to the 1996 edition of NFPA Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 30

31 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM WASHROOMS All of the following criteria must be met to omit sprinklers from washrooms: Located within a dwelling unit Does not exceed 5.1 m² (55 ft²) Walls and ceilings to be constructed of limited or noncombustible materials with a 15 min thermal barrier*** 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 31

32 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM WASHROOMS ***15 min thermal barrier requirement is met by 12.7mm (1/2inch) thick gypsum board The thermal barrier is required to installed on all walls and ceilings including wall and ceiling surfaces behind tubs or shower enclosures 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 32

33 15 min THERMAL BARRIER REQUIRED TO BE INSTALLED BEHIND TUB 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 33

34 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM WASHROOMS Due to construction schedules, access for plumbing and in an attempt to utilize as much space for living areas, in many projects, the drywall is frequently not installed behind tubs and shower enclosures 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 34

35 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM WASHROOMS Rather, the tubs are install tight against the steel joists and drywall (or cement board) is installed after the tub installation from the top of the tub to the ceiling 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 35

36 TUB FIXTURES OFTEN, DRYWALL WILL BE INSTALLED FROM TOP OF TUB TUB INSTALLED TIGHT AGAINST STUDS 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 36

37 TUB FIXTURES EASY ACCESS TO PLUMBING 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 37

38 TUB FIXTURES NO DRYWALL BEHIND TUB = NO 15min THERMAL BARRIER 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 38

39 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM WASHROOMS When the drywall is not installed behind the tubs (or shower enclosures) sprinkler protection is required in thewashroom 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 39

40 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM WASHROOMS Further, since it is becoming more frequent to not install drywall behind the tub, it is our office s standard practice (and recommendation) to provide sprinklers in all dwelling unit washrooms unless the builder can guarantee that drywall will be installed behind the tub fixtures 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 40

41 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM CLOSETS The 2007 NFPA 13 requirements for sprinkler protection in dwelling unit closets has caused some confusion 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 41

42 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM CLOSETS Prior to the 2007 edition of NFPA 13, sprinkler protection was permitted to be omitted from closets and pantries ti located din hotel and motel tl dwelling units only provided: The area is less than 22m² 2.2 (24 ft²) The least dimension (width) does not exceed 915mm, and The walls and ceiling are surfaced with noncombustible or limited combustible materials 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 42

43 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM CLOSETS Sprinkler protection was not permitted to be omitted from closets in non hotel / motel dwelling units 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 43

44 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM CLOSETS The confusion created by release of the 2007 NFPA 13 stems from changes to the Special Occupancy Requirements which h are addressed d in Chapter 21 of the Standard This Chapter extracts sprinkler design criteria from other NFPA Standards in an attempt to bring the installation and design criteria from otherstandards into one location 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 44

45 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM CLOSETS Chapter 21 of the 2007 edition was revised to include certain sprinkler requirements from NFPA 101 Life Safety Code 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 45

46 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM CLOSETS Chapter 21 in the 2007 edition indicates that sprinkler protection can be omitted from closets in new apartment buildings provided: the closets are less than 2.2m² (12 ft²) in area, and they do not contain equipment such as washers, dryers, furnaces, water heaters etc Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 46

47 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM CLOSETS This appears to contradict (addresses Dwelling Units) and more specifically, which indicates that sprinkler protection is only permitted to be omitted from closets and pantries (of maximum specified sizes) that are located in dwelling units in hotels and motels 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 47

48 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM CLOSETS However, it also appears that the provisions in Chapter 21 may only apply to buildings designed under NFPA 101 Life Safety Sft Code which h is not referenced by the Ontario Building Code Based on this contradiction, it is our office s standard dpractice to include sprinkler protection ti in all dwelling unit closets 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 48

49 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM CLOSETS Note that the options for omitting sprinklers from closets and pantries in non hotel / non motel dwelling units has been removed from the body of the 2010 edition of NFPA 13 and is now located in the Annex to provide guidance to those working on buildings constructed to the Life Safety Code 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 49

50 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM BALCONIES Multiple NFPA 13 requirements that deal with projections including balconies Generally, when less than 1.2m 12m(4ft) in width, sprinkler protection will not be required beneath a balcony Width is the projection out from the building face 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 50

51 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM BALCANIES Alternately, sprinkler protection is generally required beneath balconies greater than 1.2m (4ft) in width 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 51

52 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM BALCONIES However, sprinklers can be omitted where the balcony is constructed of materials that are noncombustible, limited combustible or fire retardant treated wood as defined by NFPA 703 (what about storage?) 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 52

53 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM BALCONIES When combustible construction, sprinklers can be omitted where the exposed finish materials are noncombustible, limited combustible or fire retardant treated wood as defined by NFPA 703 and the roof only contains sprinklered concealed spaces Also options when combustible concealed spaces are unsprinklered Spaces filled with noncombustible insulation Limiting iti volumes Limited to (what about storage?) 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 53

54 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM BALCONIES Storage Omitting sprinklers as discussed in the previous two slides is based on combustibles not being stored or handled beneath the balcony 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 54

55 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM BALCONIES If the balcony is used for storage, sprinkler protection is required if the roof over the balcony projects more than 610mm (2ft) from the building 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 55

56 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM BALCONIES Typically, there will be patio furniture on balconies While patio furniture will likely be combustible (wood, plastic, foam) discussion notes in the NFPA 13 Handbook indicate that patio furniture on a typical lbl balcony would not justify the need to install sprinklers 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 56

57 OMITTING SPRINKLERS FROM BALCONIES If there is an equipment closet on the balcony, the closet should be treated as a room and sprinkler protection should be provided 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 57

58 TYPICAL OCCUPANCIES 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 58

59 TYPICAL OCCUPANCIES A residential building will have multiple hazards These can include Light, Ordinary, Extra hazard and storage occupancies Every hazard is required to be reviewed and be classified in accordance with NFPA 13 to determine appropriate design criteria 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 59

60 TYPICAL OCCUPANCIES Typical Light Hazard Occupancies Residential Suites Amenity Areas Common Areas (e.g., lobbies) Business or Office Areas 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 60

61 TYPICAL OCCUPANCIES Typical Ordinary Hazard Areas: Retail Spaces Mechanical Areas Garbage Rooms Parking Garage Could be Ordinary Hazard Group I or Group II 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 61

62 TYPICAL OCCUPANCIES Other Areas: Storage Lockers Rooms Some areas could have multiple classifications the final determination of the occupancy classification is the responsibility of the design engineer 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 62

63 TYPICAL OCCUPANCIES NFPA 13 requires information to be provided on the drawings to indicate the occupancy classification of the various areas This information will assist the plans reviewer when confirming if the appropriate design criteria has been applied by the system designer 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 63

64 TYPICAL OCCUPANCIES This information will also assist the future owner(s) if changes are contemplated to the building Part of maintaining proper system records 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 64

65 NON DWELLING / NON STORAGE The design criteria for areas classified as light, ordinary or extra hazard will be based on the Density/Area method outlined by NFPA 13 Basically, delivering a specified water density over a specified design area with an added hose allowance 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 65

66 NON DWELLING / NON STORAGE To use a typical amenity space as an example: NFPA 13 Occupancy Classification = light hazard Design density = 4.1mm/min (0.10USgpm/ft²) Design area = 139sq² (1500ft²)*** Total hose allowance = 378L/m (100USgpm) ***permitted reduction based on ceiling heights 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 66

67 DWELLING UNITS For dwelling units, the design is not based on a specified design area Design based on four hydraulically remote sprinklers in a dwelling unit: Design density = 4.1mm/min (0.10USgpm/ft²) Design area = 4 adjacent sprinklers that create the greatest hydraulic demand 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 67

68 LOCKER ROOMS / STORAGE AREAS One area may require further review is the design criteria used to protect locker rooms 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 68

69 LOCKER ROOMS Locker rooms provided for storage of the building s occupants are not new to residential buildings What is changing is what is being stored in them 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 69

70 LOCKER ROOMS / STORAGE AREAS Traditionally, the design criteria used for the protection of locker rooms was equivalent to that required for Ordinary Hazard Group 2 occupancies 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 70

71 STORAGE AREAS This protected Class I IV commodities with minor amounts of plastics to heights up to 3.7m (12ft) Clothing, books, wood furniture, sporting equipment, etc Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 71

72 STORAGE AREAS However, more and more consumer products are constructed of Group A plastics Many of these plastic goods are classified as Group A plastics 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 72

73 LOCKER ROOMS What do we store in lockers? Xmas trees Small appliances Sporting goods (golfbag, hockey equipment) Furniture Winter / summer tires Look around your house at any other item you might store in a locker 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 73

74 STORAGE AREAS Further, the use of plastic containers (e.g., Rubbermaid tubs) to store items in these lockers is becoming more prominent Keeps goods dry / clean Protects from vermin Protects fromprying eyes 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 74

75 LOCKER ROOMS Considering all of these examples notice that many if not most of these items are made with an appreciable amount of plastic! 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 75

76 PLASTIC CONTAINERS 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 76

77 PLASTIC CONTAINERS COOLER 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 77

78 STACKS OF MILKCRATES 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 78

79 SET OF FOUR AUTOMOBILE TIRES 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 79

80 STACK OF 4 PLASTIC TUBS 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 80

81 LOCKER ROOMS NFPA 13 requires sprinkler protection to be based on the classification of the protected hazard (light, ordinary, extra hazard). For storage areas, the types of storage and the storage heights must be determined. Thisincludeslocker includes locker rooms which are storage areas Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 81

82 STORAGE AREAS Due to the increased use of plastics that could find their way into residential lockers, the system designer should give further consideration for the design criteria Specifically, should thesprinkler system be designed to protect Group A plastics 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 82

83 LOCKER ROOMS If the traditional ordinary hazard design criteria is applied, storage with Group A plastics is only permitted to 1.5m or 5ft in height 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 83

84 LOCKER ROOMS Lockers will typically allow for minimum storage heights of 1.8m or 6ft 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 84

85 TYPICALLY GREATER THAN 1.8m HIGH 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 85

86 LOCKER ROOMS Allowing for plastic storage in excess of 1.5m will have a significant impact on the sprinkler design Will likely affect: Pipe sizing (expect larger pipes) Pump rating Use of larger more expensive sprinkler heads Reduction in permitted sprinkler spacing 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 86

87 LOCKER ROOMS Could the option of limiting storage heights be considered? When storage heights are limited, they are done so by the installation of wire mesh Cannot install wire mesh at 1.5m elevation Without the mesh, limiting storage heights would require constant policing of the storage lockers which is not practical 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 87

88 SPRINKLER HEAD TYPES 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 88

89 TYPES OF SPRINKLER HEADS The types of sprinkler that can be expected to be found in a typical residential building include: standard spray sprinklers, extended coverage sprinklers, and residential sprinklers 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 89

90 TYPES OF SPRINKLER HEADS A sprinkler designer will use different heads in different areas depending on variables such as: NFPA 13 hazard classification The specific listing of the sprinkler heads (some sprinklers are listed for use in specific occupancies) the layout of the building or room (large open areas may permitted efficient use of extended coverage sprinklers) Obstructions to sprinkler discharge (beams, pipes, light fixtures) 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 90

91 TYPES OF SPRINKLER HEADS Sprinkler manufacturers are continually bringing new products to market These new products provide designers with more options to provide effective sprinkler protection to meet the requirements of NFPA Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 91

92 TYPES OF SPRINKLER HEADS Focusing on residential sprinklers: There are more than 40 models of residential sprinkler heads to choose from based on the four major manufacturers (Tyco, Victaulic, Reliable, Viking) 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 92

93 RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLERS 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 93

94 TYPES OF SPRINKLER HEADS These sprinklers can differ based on aesthetics (appearance, (pp finish, concealed, recessed) These sprinklers can also differ based on performance Area of coverage Operating pressures 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 94

95 TYPES OF SPRINKLER HEADS Some factors to consider: What is the area that I need to cover? What are the dimensions of the area? How far does the sprinkler head need to throw? How much water is available (pressure and volume must be considered) How far down from the ceiling is the sprinkler head located? 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 95

96 COVERAGE BASED ON DIMENSIONS OF PROTECTED AREA AND TOTAL AREA 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 96

97 TYPES OF SPRINKLER HEADS The elevation difference between the sprinkler and the underside of the floor slab / ceiling can also affect discharge criteria 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 97

98 DEFLECTOR TO CEILING DIMENSION 4 to 6 inches DOWN FROM CEILING 6 to 12 inches DOWN FROM CEILING 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 98

99 TYPES OF SPRINKLER HEADS While areas of coverage can be fairly accurate, determining the elevation that the sprinkler head dis installed dis less so Actual elevation will be determined based on size of bulkhead, location of ducts within the bulkhead 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 99

100 PIPE IN BULKHEADS ELEVATION OF SPRINKLER DICTATED BY DUCTING NOTE HEAD BELOW BULKHEAD: REQUIRED WHEN BULKHEAD WIDTH EXCEEDS 200mm REQUIRED TO WET THE BACK WALL 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 100

101 TYPES OF SPRINKLER HEADS Sometimes the bulkhead sizes are determined on site to accommodate all of the mechanical systems Will the sprinkler heads be located to account for these changes? This is could also create an obstruction issue 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 101

102 PIPE IN BULKHEADS 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 102

103 PIPE IN BULKHEADS 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 103

104 OBSTRUCTIONS 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 104

105 OBSTRUCTIONS While obstruction rules apply to all sprinkler heads, obstructions generally have a greater affect on residential sprinklers Further, obstruction rules are generally more stringent for sidewall sprinklers than for pendant sprinklers 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 105

106 OBSTRUCTIONS Much of this is due to the design intent of residential sprinklers which is to discharge water across the ceiling and wet the walls to maintain tenable room temperatures 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 106

107 In a residential suite, there are three primary types of obstructions Light fixtures, Bulkheads, and Ceiling fans 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 107

108 TYPICAL OBSTRUCTIONS 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 108

109 To assist the designer in addressing these obstructions, NFPA 13 provides specific rules, tables and charts Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 109

110 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 110

111 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 111

112 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 112

113 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 113

114 QUESTIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS What is the horizontal distance between the sprinkler head and the obstruction (the affects of an obstruction are reduced the greater the horizontal distance)? How deep is the obstruction and how far below the sprinkler head does the obstruction project? 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 114

115 QUESTIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS Is the obstructed sprinkler head a pendant sprinkler or a sidewall sprinkler? Obstructions have a greater affect on sidewall sprinklers than pendant sprinklers Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 115

116 QUESTIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS Generally, obstruction issues can be reduced or eliminated by: increasing the horizontal distance between the sprinkler head and the obstruction, reducing the difference in the vertical dimension between the sprinkler head and the bottom of the obstruction, or a combination of both Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 116

117 QUESTIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS To maximize i ceiling hiht heights, dwelling unit ceilings are often the underside of the concrete slab This often means the extensive use of bulkheads to conceal sprinkler pipe and other mechanical systems Increased use of bulkheads will also mean the increased use of sidewall sprinklers 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 117

118 QUESTIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS When considering bulkhead obstructions and sidewall sprinklers, does the bulkhead project from the same wall as the sidewall sprinkler or is the bulkhead located perpendicular p to the throw of the sidewall sprinkler Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 118

119 BULKHEADS UNDERSIDE OF FLOOR SLAB BULKHEAD 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 119

120 BULKHEAD OBSTRUCTION BULKHEAD IS OBSTRUCTING SIDEWALL SPRINKLLER PENDANT SPRINKLER ADDED TO ADDRESS OBSTRUCTION SIDEWALL SPRINKLER WHAT IS HORIZONTAL DISTANCE BETWEEN HEAD AND BULKHEAD? 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 120

121 BULKHEAD OBSTRUCTIONS WHAT IS HORIZONTAL DISTANCE BETWEEN HEAD AND BULKHEAD? WHAT IS VERTICAL DIMENSION BETWEEN HEAD AND BOTTOM OF BULKHEAD? 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 121

122 LIGHT OBSTRUCTIONS Light obstructions are treated a little differently General rule(s) of thumb Provide 2.4m or 8ft clear between sidewalls and light fixtures, and Provide.915m or 3ft clear between pendant sprinklers and light fixtures 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 122

123 LIGHT OBSTRUCTIONS Can also apply Tables and Figures based on how far below the light fixtures project below the sprinkler heads Can also install additional sprinklers to cover opposite side of the obstructions 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 123

124 LIGHT OBSTRUCTIONS 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 124

125 LIGHT OBSTRUCTION LIGHT OBSTRUCTING SPRINKLER HEAD SPRINKLERLOCATED LOCATED ON OPPOSITE SIDE OF LIGHT TO ADDRESS OBSTRUCTION 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 125

126 FUTURE LIGHT OBSTRUCTION SIDEWALL ON ONE SIDE OF JUNCTION BOX JUNCTION BOX FOR FUTURE LIGHT CAN OBSTRUCT SIDEWALLS SIDEWALL ON OTHER SIDE OF JUNCTION BOX 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 126

127 LIGHT OBSTRUCTION JUNCTION BOX FOR LIGHT 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 127

128 LIGHT OBSTRUCTIONS MINIMUM 915mm CLEARANCE NOT MAINTAINED 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 128

129 LIGHT OBSTRUCTIONS MINIMUM 2.4m CLEARANCE 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 129

130 FAN OBSTRUCTIONS IGNORE FANS IF PLAN VIEW OF FAN IS AT LEAST 50% OPEN IF LESS THAN 50% OPEN, WILL HAVE TO PROVIDE MINIMUM DISTANCES PER NFPA Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 130

131 OTHER ISSUES AND CONSIDERATIONS 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 131

132 PIPE RUNNING THROUGH JOISTS 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 132

133 PIPE RUNNING THROUGH JOISTS SCREW PLATE 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 133

134 SYSTEM PRESSURES Combined standpipe / sprinkler risers can be used to eliminate stand alone sprinkler riser 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 134

135 SYSTEM PRESSURES COMBINED STANDPIPE / SPRINKLER RISER 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 135

136 SYSTEM PRESSURES One of the concerns with combined standpipe / sprinkler risers is the potential for over pressurizing the sprinkler system This can be addressed through the use of pressure reducing valves (PRVs) 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 136

137 PRVS SPRINKLER PRV 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 137

138 SPRINKLER PRV SPRINKLER PRV SET TO LIMIT SYSTEM PRESSURES TO BAR (175psi) 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 138

139 HEADROOM CLEARANCES In some projects, elevations between underground parking levels reduced limiting space for the installation of system piping 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 139

140 HEADROOM CLEARANCES BOTTOM OF BEAM MEASURES 2.1m ABOVE THE PARKING GARAGE FLOOR (EGRESS CLEARANCES / ACCESS TO BF PARKING AREAS SPRINKLER HEADS AND PIPE REQUIRED TO ADDRESS OBSTRUCTION CREATED BY THE BEAM 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 140

141 HEADROOM CLEARANCES BOTTOM OF LIGHT MEASURES m ABOVE THE PARKING GARAGE FLOOR 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 141

142 TEMPERATURE RATINGS Certain clearances are required to be maintained to sources of heat Diffusers, fireplaces, etc. With respect to diffusers, these locations are sometimes determined in thefield 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 142

143 TEMPERATURE RATINGS CLEARANCES TO HEAT SOURCES 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 143

144 TEMPERATURE RATINGS TEMPERATURE RATING DICTATED BY CLEARANCES 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 144

145 QUESTIONS? 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 145

146 Don Casey, LEL, C.E.T., CFPS, Project Manager Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. rbacodes.com 2013 Randal Brown & Associates Engineering Ltd. 146

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