Envelope Thermal Performance Factors

Transcription

1 Appendix A Envelope Thermal Performance Factors Each climate zone recommendation table presents a prescriptive construction option for each opaque envelope measure. Table A.1 presents U-factors for above-grade components, C-factors for below-grade walls, and F-factors for slab-on-grade floors that correspond to each prescriptive construction option. Alternate constructions would be an equivalent method for meeting the recommendations of this guide provided they are equal to or better than the thermal performance factors listed in Table A1.

2 162 Advanced Energy Design Guide for K-12 School Buildings Table A1. Envelope Thermal Performance Factors Opaque Construction Options Roof Assemblies Walls, Above Grade Floors Insulation Entirely Above Deck Mass Walls Mass R U R U R U c.i c.i Metal Building 7.6 c.i c.i R U 9.5 c.i c.i c.i c.i c.i c.i c.i c.i Metal Building Steel Framed Attic and Other R U R U R U c.i c.i Wood Framed and Other Steel Framed R U R U c.i c.i Slabs c.i Unheated Wood Framed and Other R-in F R U c.i c.i Heated c.i R-in. F Walls, Below Grade Below Grade Walls R C c.i Full c.i

3 Appendix B Commissioning A building can have the best possible design for achieving energy savings, but unless the building is built as designed and is operated according to the design intent, energy savings will not be achieved. A CxA ensures the energy- and water-saving methods and devices selected by the design team are incorporated in the building plans and specifications, that everything is built and tested accordingly, and that school personnel, including those occupying the building, are provided the necessary documentation and training to properly operate the building after it is occupied. The CxA can be an independent member of the design firm, the school s facility staff, or a third-party consultant. Some prefer to use thirdparty consultants for this role to ensure that the work is done independently of the design team to ensure that the results are not biased. The Cx process is applicable to all buildings, but large and complex buildings require a correspondingly greater level of effort than is required for small, simple buildings. See Table B1 for more information.

4 164 Advanced Energy Design Guide for K-12 School Buildings Table B1. Commissioning Activities and Related Responsibilities Item Activity Responsibility 1. Create Owner s Project Requirements (OPRs) CxA/owner 2. Create project specific Cx plan (use this model, modify where necessary) Owner/CxA 3. Create the Basis of Design Architect/engineer 4. Review OPRs and Basis of Design CxA 5. Review schematic and design development documents, including load calculations CxA 6. Review construction documents before completion CxA 7. Incorporate Cx requirements into construction documents Designers 8. Review submittals for commissioned systems Designer; CxA 9. Develop project-specific construction checklists CxA 10. Implement construction checklists Contractors 11. Create and maintain Cx issues log CxA 12. Perform targeted inspections during rough-in phase CxA/AE/O&M 13. Witness pipe flushing and testing, duct testing CxA 14. Field-verify contractors completed construction checklists CxA/O&M 15. Performance testing and demonstrations Contractors 16. Validate test and balance report CxA 17. Conduct periodic Cx meetings CxA 18. Develop functional performance test procedures CxA 19. Assist in contractor troubleshooting CxA 20. Identify air quality issues CxA 21. Direct and witness functional performance testing CxA/O&M 22. Issue final Cx report CxA 23. Develop systems manuals from O&M manuals including re-commissioning procedures CxA 24. Project manager coordinate and document owner training performed by contractors Project manager 25. Confirm training performed by contractors is per contract and adequate CxA/O&M 26. Recommend final system acceptance CxA/O&M 27. Perform post-occupancy review two months after occupancy 28. Perform post-occupancy review and warranty inspections 10 months after occupancy per contract documents 29. Create lesson-learned document for distribution to all project managers/planners CxA CxA/project manager/ facilities personnel/o&m CxA/project manager/ facilities personnel/ O&M/architect Note: Designer is an inclusive term that indicates project architect and engineers and other design consultants, such lighting, acoustics, landscape architects.

5 Appendix C Climate Zones for Mexico and Canada The following tables show the climate zone numbers for a wide variety of Mexican and Canadian locations. Additional information on international climatic zones can be found in ASHRAE Standard , Normative Appendix B, Building Envelope Climate Criteria. The information is from Tables B-2 and B-3 in that appendix. Table C1. Mexican Climate Zones Country Country City Zone City Zone Mexico Mexico Mexico City (Distrito Federal) 3 Tampico (Tamaulipas) 2 Guadalajara (Jalisco) 1 Veracruz (Veracruz) 4 Monterrey (Nuevo Laredo) 3 Merida (Yucatan) 1

6 166 Advanced Energy Design Guide for K-12 School Buildings Table C2. Canadian Climatic Zones Province Province Province City Zone City Zone City Zone Alberta (AB) Newfoundland (NF) Prince Edward (PE) Calgary International Airport (A) 7 Corner Brook 6 Charlottetown A 6 Edmonton International A 7 Gander International A 7 Summerside A 6 Grande Prairie A 7 Goose A 7 Jasper 7 St John s A 6 Quebec (PQ) Lethbridge A 6 Stephenville A 6 Bagotville A 7 Medicine Hat A 6 Drummondville 6 Red Deer A 7 Northwest Territories (NW) Granby 6 Ft Smith A 8 Montreal Dorval Int l A 6 British Columbia (BC) Inuvik A 8 Quebec A 7 Dawson Creek A 7 Yellowknife A 8 Rimouski 7 Ft Nelson A 8 Septles A 7 Kamloops 5 Nova Scotia (NS) Shawinigan 7 Nanaimo A 5 Halifax International A 6 Sherbrooke A 7 New Westminster BC Pen 5 Kentville CDA 6 St Jean de Cherbourg 7 Penticton A 5 Sydney A 6 St Jerome 7 Prince George 7 Truro 6 Thetford Mines 7 Prince Rupert A 6 Yarmouth A 6 Trois Rivieres 7 Vancouver International A 5 Val d Or A 7 Victoria Gonzales Hts 5 Nunavut Valleyfield 6 Resolute A 8 Manitoba (MB) Saskatchewan (SK) Brandon CDA 7 Ontario (ON) Estevan A 7 Churchill A 9 Belleville 6 Moose Jaw A 7 Dauphin A 7 Cornwall 6 North Battleford A 7 Flin Flon 7 Hamilton RBG 5 Prince Albert A 7 Portage La Prairie A 7 Kapuskasing A 7 Regina A 7 The Pas A 7 Kenora A 7 Saskatoon A 7 Winnipeg International A 7 Kingston A 6 Swift Current A 7 London A 6 Yorkton A 7 New Brunswick (NB) North Bay A 7 Chatham A 7 Oshawa WPCP 6 Yukon Territory (YT) Fredericton A 6 Ottawa International A 6 Whitehorse A 8 Moncton A 6 Owen Sound MOE 6 Saint John A 6 Petersborough 6 St Catharines 5 Sudbury A 7 Thunder Bay A 7 Timmins A 7 Toronto Downsview A 6 Windsor A 5

7 Appendix D Energy Star Appliances The following equipment and appliances that are typically used in K-12 schools and are within the scope of the applicable Energy Star program will have the ENERGY STAR label. For more information, visit the ENERGY STAR Web site at Appliances battery chargers clothes washers dehumidifiers dishwashers refrigerators and freezers room air conditioners room air cleaners water coolers Heating and Cooling air-source heat pumps (see also the energy-efficiency requirements in Chapter 3) boilers (see also the energy-efficiency requirements in Chapter 3) central air conditioners (see also the energy-efficiency requirements in Chapter 3) ceiling fans dehumidifiers furnaces (see also the energy-efficiency requirements in Chapter 3) geothermal heat pumps (see also the energy-efficiency requirements in Chapter 3) programmable thermostats room air conditioners ventilating fans Electronics cordless phones combination units (TV/VCR/DVD) DVD products audio

8 168 Advanced Energy Design Guide for K-12 School Buildings televisions VCRs Office Equipment computers copiers fax machines laptops mailing machines monitors multifunction devices printers scanners Lighting CFLs ceiling fans Commercial Food Service commercial fryers commercial hot food holding cabinets commercial solid door refrigerators and freezers commercial steam cookers Other Products traffic signals transformers vending machines

9 Appendix E Additional Resources Organizations General American Institute of Architects (AIA) 1735 New York Ave., NW Washington, DC AIA-3837 or American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 1791 Tullie Circle, NE Atlanta, GA or ASHRAE Standing Standards Project Committee 90.1 (SSPC 90.1) ASHRAE Technical Committee on Educational Facilities (TC 9.7) Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) 120 Wall Street, Floor 17 New York, NY U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC dial-DOE ( ) or

10 170 Advanced Energy Design Guide for K-12 School Buildings U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) 1800 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Suite 300 Washington, DC or Organizations High Performance Schools Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS) 142 Minna Street, Second Floor San Francisco, CA CHPS National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities (NCEF) 1090 Vermont Ave., NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC or National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) 1090 Vermont Ave., NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC Sustainable Building Industry Council (SBIC) th Street, NW, Suite 240 Washington, DC Commissioning CHPS Best practices manual, Volume V Commissioning. Collaborative for High Performance Schools, San Francisco ( ASHRAE ASHRAE Guideline , The Commissioning Process. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. ASHRAE ASHRAE Guideline , The HVAC Commissioning Process. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. NIBS ASHRAE Guideline , Exterior Enclosure Technical Requirements for the Commissioning Process. Washington, DC ( NCEF. n.d. Resource lists School building commissioning.

11 Appendix E Ad d i t i o n a l Re s o u r c e s 171 High Performance Schools Eley, C High performance school characteristics. ASHRAE Journal 48(5):60 6. Operations and Maintenance ASBO International Planning guide for maintaining school facilities. National Forum on Education Statistics, School Facilities Maintenance Task Force, Association of School Business Officials International, Washington, DC ( ed.gov/pubs2003/ pdf). ASHRAE Preparation of Operational Maintenance Documentation for Building Systems. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. ASHRAE ASHRAE Handbook HVAC Applications. Chapter 38, Operation and Maintenance Management. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. CHPS Best Practices Manual, Volume IV Maintenance and Operation (M&O). Collaborative for High Performance Schools, San Francisco ( DOE School operations and maintenance: Best practices for controlling energy costs A guidebook for K-12 school system business officers and facilities managers. U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC. ( greenschools/school%20energy%20guidebook_9-04.pdf). Zero Energy Torcellini, P., and D. Crawley Understanding zero-energy buildings. ASHRAE Journal 48(9):62 9. Torcellini, P., S. Pless, M. Deru, and D. Crawley Zero energy buildings: A critical look at the definition. Proceedings of the ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Pacific Grove, CA.

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