The Cold War & Decolonization -Learning Targets

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1 Name: Hour: 1

2 The Cold War & Decolonization -Learning Targets 1. What were the agreements made at the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences? 2. How did the Soviets come to dominate Eastern Europe? 3. What was Winston Churchill calling for when he delivered his famous "iron curtain" speech? 4. What are the major differences between communism and capitalism? (Social, Political, Economic) 5. When was NATO founded and what nations joined? 6. When was the Warsaw Pact founded and what nations joined? 7. Why did the US place a high priority on the containment of Communist expansion, and how did the Truman Doctrine lead to conflict? 8. Describe how the Marshall Plan was considered a lose/lose for Stalin. 9. How would you know if you are in a "third world country?" 10. How did the launching of Sputnik create a Space Race and what were the social, economic, and political effects? 11. How did destalinization change the Soviet Union and who began this process? 12. Explain what is meant by mutually assured destruction. How did M.A.D. contribute to the Cold War arms race? 13. Why did Khrushchev build the Berlin Wall? How did NATO interpret this act? 2

3 14. Describe the civil war between the Nationalists and the Communists in China. How did it end and why? 15. How did U.S. involvement in Korea reflect the Truman Doctrine? What is the significance of the 38th parallel? 16. How did the "Bay of Pigs" failure lead to the Cuban missile crisis and how did that crisis impact the leadership of the U.S. and U.S.S.R? 17. How did the creation of the state of Israel impact relations between Jews and Palestinians? 18. Why was Nasser supported by the U.S. and Soviet Union when he nationalized the Suez Canal? 19. How did Gandhi defeat the British Empire in India? 20. Why was there conflict in India after the British left? 21. What were the causes and events of the Vietnam War? Describe its aftermath. 22. How does OPEC influence economic and political policy globally? 3

4 Name: Hour: Source: Winston Churchill presented his Sinews of Peace, (the Iron Curtain Speech), at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri on March 5, Directions: answer the questions after reading the excerpt. "Now I come to the second of the two marauders, to the second danger which threatens the cottage homes, and the ordinary people -- namely, tyranny. We cannot be blind to the fact that the liberties enjoyed by individual citizens throughout the United States and throughout the British Empire are not valid in a considerable number of countries, some of which are very powerful. In these States control is enforced upon the common people by various kinds of all-embracing police governments to a degree which is overwhelming and contrary to every principle of democracy. The power of the State is exercised without restraint, either by dictators or by compact oligarchies operating through a privileged party and a political police. It is not our duty at this time when difficulties are so numerous to interfere forcibly in the internal affairs of countries which we have not conquered in war, but we must never cease to proclaim in fearless tones the great principles of freedom and the rights of man which are the joint inheritance of the English-speaking world and which through Magna Carta, the Bill of rights, the Habeas Corpus, trial by jury, and the English common law find their most famous expression in the American Declaration of Independence." 1. How does Churchill describe "tyranny?" 2. What does he suggest is the United States' duty? From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in some cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow. Athens alone -- Greece with its immortal glories -- is free to decide its future at an election under British, American and French observation. The Russiandominated Polish Government has been encouraged to make enormous and wrongful inroads upon Germany, and mass expulsions of millions of Germans on a scale grievous and undreamed-of are now taking place. The Communist parties, which were very small in all these Eastern States of Europe, have been raised to pre-eminence and power far beyond their numbers and are seeking everywhere to obtain totalitarian control. Police governments are prevailing in nearly every case, and so far, except in Czechoslovakia, there is no true democracy. 3. What is Churchill referring to when he describes an "iron curtain?" 4

5 4. According to Churchill, how have Communist parties gained control of Eastern Europe? From what I have seen of our Russian friends and Allies during the war, I am convinced that there is nothing for which they have less respect than for weakness, especially military weakness. For that reason the old doctrine of a balance of power is unsound. We cannot afford, if we can help it, to work on narrow margins, offering temptations to a trial of strength. If the Western Democracies stand together in strict adherence to the principles will be immense and no one is likely to molest them. If however they become divided of falter in their duty and if these all-important years are allowed to slip away then indeed catastrophe may overwhelm us all. 5. According to Churchill, why do Western Democracies need to "stand together?" 5

6 Name: Story Heading: Cold War: Superpowers Face Off pp Hour: I._SETTING II. MAIN CHARACTERS Why was the U.N. created? Who is in NATO? Why? Who is in the Warsaw Pact? Why? III. PLOT How did the iron curtain impact Soviet/U.S. relations? How did the Truman Doctrine cause controversy? How is the Marshall Plan and Brinkmanship connected to Cold War politics? IV.WHAT I LEARNED / SUMMARY 6

7 Name Date CHAPTER 17 Section 2 GUIDED READING Communists Take Power in China A. Determining Main Ideas As you read about the civil war in China and the creation of two Chinas, take notes to answer the questions. 1. Who? Who was Mao Zedong? Who was Jiang Jieshi? 2. When? When did the civil war in China resume? When did the civil war end? 3. What? What advantages did Nationalist forces have? What advantages did Communist forces have? 4. Where? Where is Nationalist China located? Where is the People s Republic of China located? 5. How? How did the superpowers react to the existence of two Chinas? How did Mao transform the economy of China? 6. Why? Why did the Great Leap Forward fail? Why did Mao launch the Cultural Revolution? McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved. B. Clarifying On the back of this paper explain the reasons for the formation of communes and Red Guards in Communist China. 72 Unit 5, Chapter 17

8 Name: Hour: Story Heading: Wars in Korea and Vietnam pp I._SETTING II. MAIN CHARACTERS -Why did North Korea invade? -What was the UN s response? Why? -Who were the Vietcong? III. PLOT How did the fighting progress during the Korean War? What led to fighting in Vietnam? Why did the U.S. get involved? Why led to the U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam? IV.WHAT I LEARNED / SUMMARY

9 World History Frankie s House (1992) Name 1. Briefly describe the following characters: Tim Page: Steve Cotler: Martin Stuart-Fox: Anthony Strickland: John Steinbeck IV: 2. When and how does Page come to Vietnam? 3. What types of action does Page see? Give at least 2 detailed examples. 4. What item does Page pick up and keep as lucky? Why do you think he considers it lucky?

10 5. How are the Viet Cong portrayed in this movie? 6. How are American soldiers and officers such as Major Frey portrayed? 7. Describe the climate and terrain depicted. 8. Why do you think this movie was made? What was its purpose?

11 Name Date CHAPTER 17 Section 4 GUIDED READING The Cold War Divides the World A. Following Chronological Order As you read about conflict between the superpowers over Latin America and the Middle East, answer the questions about events listed in the time line Fidel Castro leads a revolution in Cuba. Castro turns back Cuban invasion at Bay of Pigs. United States demands that Soviets withdraw missiles from Cuba. 1. How did revolution affect Cuba? 2. Why did the United States support the invasion? 3. How was the Cuban missile crisis resolved? 1979 Communist Sandinista rebels overthrow dictatorship in Nicaragua. 4. What were the consequences of civil war for Nicaragua? 1981 Iran releases U.S. hostages. 5. Why did the Ayatollah Khomeini hate the United States? UN ceasefire ends hostilities between Iran and Iraq. Soviet Union withdraws its forces from Afghanistan. 6. What part did the United States play in this Muslim war? 7. How was the Soviet involvement in Afghanistan similar to U.S. involvement in Vietnam? McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved. B. Determining Main Ideas On the back of this paper, define and give examples of the Third World and nonaligned nations. 74 Unit 5, Chapter 17

12 Name Date CHAPTER 17 Section 5 GUIDED READING The Cold War Thaws A. Determining Main Ideas As you read this section, take notes to answer the questions. How did each country try to resist Soviet rule? 1. Hungary 2. Czechoslovakia 3. China What was the foreign policy of each U.S. president? 4. John F. Kennedy 5. Lyndon Johnson 6. Richard Nixon 7. Ronald Reagan McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved. What was the objective of each of the following? 8. détente 9. SALT I Treaty 10. Star Wars B. Clarifying On the back of this paper, identify Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev. Restructuring the Postwar World 75

13 Name Date CHAPTER 18 Section 1 GUIDED READING The Indian Subcontinent Achieves Freedom A. Following Chronological Order As you read this section, take notes to answer the questions about the time line Mohandas Gandhi launches first nonviolent campaign for independence. 1. What were the major concerns of the Muslim League? 2. What problems had to be resolved in the months prior to independence? 1940 Muslim League proposes partition of India at Lahore Conference. 3. What were the terms of the cease-fire? 1947 India and Pakistan become independent UN arranges cease-fire between India and Pakistan in Kashmir. 4. How did Nehru contribute to India s modernization and democracy? 5. What events led to the creation of this new nation? 1964 Jawaharlal Nehru dies The nation of Bangladesh is formed. Indira Gandhi is reelected India s prime minister. Leaders of India and Sri Lanka reach an accord. 6. What major problem did Indira Gandhi face? 7. What was the cause of turmoil in Sri Lanka? McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved. B. Clarifying On the back of this paper, identify each of the following people: Muhammad Ali Jinnah Benazir Bhutto 76 Unit 5, Chapter 18

14 Name Date CHAPTER 18 Section 4 GUIDED READING Conflicts in the Middle East A. Analyzing Causes and Recognizing Effects As you read this section, fill in the chart to describe cause-and-effect relationships in the Middle East. Causes Actions Effects 1. Britain issues the Balfour Declaration. 2. Independent Israel is created. 3. The 1956 Arab-Israeli war breaks out. 4. The 1967 Six-Day War begins. 5. The 1973 Yom Kippur War begins. McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved. 6. Sadat and Begin sign the Camp David Accords. 7. Rabin and Arafat issue a Declaration of Principles. B. Recognizing Facts and Details On the back of this paper, identify the following: Suez Crisis Golda Meir PLO The Colonies Become New Nations 79

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