SHELTERWOOD AND SEED-TREE METHODS
|
|
|
- Annabel Bradford
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SHELTERWOOD AND SEED-TREE METHODS Ralph D. Nyland Department of Forest and Natural Resources Management SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse, NY Nyland 2010 With animations by R.L. Nissen, Jr. All rights reserved Use of all or parts of this permission prohibited without express consent of Ralph D. Nyland Background reading: Chapter 14, in Nyland, R.D Silviculture: Concepts and Applications. Waveland Press. Long Grove, IL. 2ed. Sources cited: Leak, W.B., D.S. Solomon, and S.M. Filip A silvicultural guide for northern hardwoods the Northeast. US For. Serv. Res. Pap. NE-143. Noble, D.L., and F. Ronco Seedfall and establishment of Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir in clearcut openings in Colorado. US For, Serv. Res. Pap. RM-200. Schlich, W Schlich s Manual of Forestry. Vol. II Silviculture. Bradbury, Agnew, and Co. LD. London Smith, D.M The Practice of Silviculture. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. NY. 8ed. 1
2 REMEMBER, clearcutting allocates total ecologic space to the new age class... - suddenly changes the environmental conditions - removes the seed trees - configuration may affect the environment and seed dispersion - begins a new period of long-term development - reduces some disease and insect threats - transforms the stand structure - abruptly alters the visual qualities Increasing degree of overstory removal Some environmental factors Opening the ground to full sunlight EXTREME Full shade Full sunlight After Smith
3 And removing all seed trees from the stand relying on seed in the duff, on logging slash, and blown in from adjacent stands Noble and Ronco 1978 In many forest community types... absence of abundant and well-developed advance regeneration... makes clearcutting RISKY So how to get the needed advance regeneration... 3
4 even better developed than this In some forest community types thinning LATE in a rotation will trigger an understory response... establishing advance regeneration and promoting its development 4
5 after crown thinning, abundant sugar maple advance regeneration developed beneath this 100-year-old stand allowing a smooth transition to complete overstory removal 5
6 If not use the shelterwood method Increasing degree of overstory removal Some environmental factors Full shade Full sunlight After Smith 1986 Leaving well-distributed seed trees of good phenotypes to temper the environment and maintain a seed source 6
7 Like this... Seed cutting The response... so seed cutting leaves a protective cover... creates a favorable environment for regeneration... leaves a well-distributed source of seed An example with eastern white pine after the seed cutting 7
8 Regeneration developed beneath the overwood... ready for overstory removal 8
9 the shelterwood method when an even-aged stand matures Mature by some standard 9
10 after seed cutting leaving the best at uniform spacing to promote a new cohort beneath the old trees 10
11 and then remove the overwood, releasing the new trees Three possible treatments with the shelterwood method Preparatory cut... if needed... in stands where trees lack sufficient vigor for good levels of seed production... simply to enhance the seed-production potential of selected overstory trees Seed or seeding cut... always... to initiate a new age class Removal cut... always... to uncover the new cohort 11
12 normally seed cutting starts the process at least in managed stands Shelterwood seed cutting - leaves various amounts of overhead shelter - retains the shelter as oing as needed - the shelter mitigates changes in the environment - the shelter serves as a seed source - the seed trees get bigger while they remain - the seed trees add vertical structure while in place but you must remove or reduce the shelter before it stunts the new cohort 12
13 Ready for a removal cutting part of a process to replace the mature stand An appropriate stocking for the overwood depends on factors like: - seed dispersal patterns and distances - light levels needed to support regeneration - minimum canopy cover for adequate protection to temper conditions at the ground... to inhibit interfering plants... to protect the seed trees - rates that seed tree crowns expand and close - volume added to seed trees before the removal cutting - minimum volume for an operational removal cutting 13
14 Probably cut to this level or less ( 50% relative density) Leak et al We can use an appropriate relative density guide to plan the seed cutting intensity... e.g., down to 50% or less (even to 35%) But think about the constraints of later harvesting for the removal cut what minimum volume must you have available at that time noting that The larger and more valuable the seed trees... the fewer needed for a commercial removal 14
15 And the minimum volume depends upon the harvesting system and the operating conditions here using cable yarding But note this as well... Some species regenerate well in full sunlight but seed distribution may pose a problem due to inadequate dispersion due to an insufficient seed bank Then seed-tree method may serve the need... 15
16 Increasing degree of overstory removal Some environmental factors Opening the ground to full sunlight Full shade Full sunlight After Smith 1986 with an environment like clearcutting Mature by some standard 16
17 after seed cutting leaving the best at uniform and wide spacing to serve as a seed source to promote a new cohort beneath the old trees 17
18 and then remove the overwood, releasing the new trees Seed-tree method... the seed cutting 18
19 Nissen 2008 like this to insure a black cherry seed supply Nyland 2008 Characteristics of seed-tree method: - leave a few residuals for a seed supply - residuals too few to act as a shelter - spacing depends on seeding characteristics of the species - remove the seed trees when regeneration adequate in amount and distribution - seed trees change for good or bad The environment at and below the ground surface changes JUST LIKE WITH CLEARCUTTING 19
20 ... with openness like clearcutting After Smith 1986 An example of seed-tree method in eastern white pine... the seed cutting 20
21 ... the result a new cohort 21
22 deliberately replacing the mature one... a new even-aged community 22
23 Back to shelterwood method in western conifers Back to shelterwood method in western conifers... before treatment 23
24 ... the seed cutting reducing stocking to create an ecologic void in the system 24
25 increasing light levels near the ground... even done in long and narrow blocks to facilitate yarding 25
26 yarded up the corridors using this machine... the tongs 26
27 ... roads for setup of the yarder engineered to accommodate logging trucks 27
28 reducing overstory cover within the intercorridor strips... a yarding corridor 28
29 the result... or something like this 29
30 But... you can retain some low-density and widely spaced reserve trees... for LOOOOONG periods Making the scheme in to the RESERVE SHELTERWOOD METHOD... keeping some old... starting some new 30
31 So what is... reserve shelterwood method So what is... reserve shelterwood method Cut to low density overwood Leave to older age class indefinitely Leading to a 2-aged stand Cut again at halfrotation age `... and repeated through time 31
32 Mature by some standard after seed cutting leaving the best at uniform and extra wide spacing 32
33 to promote a new cohort beneath the old trees but both age classes left to grow many years into the futue 33
34 ... creating a two-aged stand Or use a variation of it reducing the old age class in two cuts... with the same end result 34
35 Either approach gives the same end result... We can also approach shelterwood method in alternate ways GROUP SHELTERWOOD METHOD... STRIP SHELTERWOOD METHOD 35
36 Group shelterwood method Schlich 1910 cut scattered circular patches to initiate the regeneration process 36
37 to promote regeneration in the opening AND beneath the adjacent area Promoting advance regeneration Schlich 1910 then expand the openings to uncover advance regeneration beneath the surrounding tall trees repeating the process in response to progressive understory development 37
38 periodically expanding the openings to release the recently-developed advance regeneration... or use strip shelterwood method 38
39 ... to promote natural regeneration... cutting additional strips as advance regeneration develops adjacent to the first-cut strips 39
40 with eventual overstory removal across the entire stand Lets look at an example where shelterwood method seemed like the only alternative... 40
41 in northern hardwoods lacking desirable advance regeneration... and having a dense beech understory 41
42 Uncut Stand With Interfering Understory Animation by Roger L. Nissen, Jr. Spraying the Interfering Understory 42
43 ... as the site preparation understory mist-blowing using an appropriate herbicide 43
44 blowing the mist up for about feet the effect 44
45 even taking out any advance seedlings of desirable species Uncut Stand With Mistblown Understory 45
46 Uncut Stand After Site Preparation... deer density control also needed in some cases 46
47 ... too many deer and the beech keep good regeneration from developing Uncut Stand After Site Preparation and Deer Density Control 47
48 Selected Trees for Shelterwood Seed Cutting After Shelterwood Seed Cutting 48
49 ... the seed cutting reduced stocking of excellent phenotypes at uniform spacing 49
50 ... and perhaps some single-stem cleanup work completing the site preparation 50
51 ... keeping trees of good phenotypes Selecting residuals for seed trees: - good phenotype of the sought-after species - sturdy and windfirm - able to survive exposure - must flower and produce viable seed - prolific seeder -the VERY BEST you have - your hope for the future 51
52 After the seed cutting note this emptiness... but soon new seedlings appear 52
53 though still small after one growing season... normally dense Rubus develops by 3 years 53
54 ... tree seedlings continue to develop among and under the Rubus with sugar maple developing more slowly than the less shade-tolerant species 54
55 ... by 6-7 years trees of low to mid shade tolerance emerge above the Rubus... reaching a free-togrow status 55
56 and then the shade-intolerant Rubus declines in vigor and begins to die out... now ready for removal cutting 56
57 ... by 10 years a new closed tree canopy has formed 57
58 ... but do the overwood removal before these get more than 1 inch in diameter Prior to Shelterwood Removal Cutting 58
59 Selected Trees for a Shelterwood Removal Cut releasing the new cohort from any shading by the seed trees 59
60 Overwood removed Overwood still in place removal cutting completed 60
61 After Shelterwood Removal Cut (Seedling Stage) the new even-aged tree community at ~ 15 years 61
62 Followed by Continued Stand Development (Early Pole Stage) With this result 29 years later 62
63 ... success... but consider the visual qualities 63
64 ... distinct edges draw attention After removal cutting... to circumvent this image 64
65 Check this effect and extend it all along the edge softened edges After removal cutting 65
66 The usual with feathered edges A reproduction method softening the edges 66
67 Certainly more than one option possible After Nissen 2010 but how to decide 67
4.0 Discuss some effects of disturbances on the forest.
4.0 Discuss some effects of disturbances on the forest. 4.1 Describe common disturbances that occur in the Boreal forest. Disturbances are normal to the life of the forest. Forests are very resilient (able
Deer Exclusion Effects on Understory Development Following Partial Cutting in a Pennsylvania Oak Stand
Deer Exclusion Effects on Understory Development Following Partial Cutting in a Pennsylvania Oak Stand Larry H. McCormick 1/, John W. Groninger 2/, Kathy A. Penrod 1/, and Todd E. Ristau 1/ Abstract: Forty
FactSheet. Extension. Harvesting and Reproduction Methods for Ohio Forests. Nearly eight million acres of Ohio are forested. These forests F-47-01
Extension F-47-01 FactSheet School of Natural Resources, 2021 Fyffe Rd., Kenny Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1000 Harvesting and Reproduction Methods for Ohio Forests Randall B. Heiligmann Eric R. Norland David
Assume you have 40 acres of forestland that was
A l a b a m a A & M a n d A u b u r n U n i v e r s i t i e s ANR-1371 Basal Area: A Measure Made for Management Assume you have 40 acres of forestland that was recently assessed by a natural resource
Division of Forestry
Guidelines for Managing Sites with Ash To Address the Threat of Emerald Ash Borer On Forestry-Administered Lands BACKGROUND The ash genus (Fraxinus) in Minnesota comprises some 900 million trees and is
Natural Regeneration of Southern Pines
Natural Regeneration of Southern Pines Jon Kushla, Assistant Professor Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University T he use of pine plantation forestry has increased across this country since
Chapter 5. Managing Regenerating and Young Forest Habitat
Chapter 5. Managing Regenerating and Young Forest Habitat John W. Lanier, New Hampshire Fish & Game Department, 11 Hazen Dr., Concord, NH 03301 If you are a landowner and are reading this chapter for the
Are My. Pine Trees. Ready To Thin?
Are My Pine Trees Ready To Thin? ARE MY PINE TREES READY TO THIN? One question private forest landowners ask most frequently is, Are my pine trees ready to thin? There is no definite answer to this question,
What You Should Know: Choosing a Consulting Forester
Volume 2 Number 2 Spring 1998 What You Should Know: Choosing a Consulting Forester Private forest landowners sometimes need the assistance of a professional forester. The State of Utah Division of Forestry,
King Fire Restoration Project, Eldorado National Forest, Placer and El Dorado Counties, Notice of intent to prepare an environmental impact statement.
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 12/24/2014 and available online at http://federalregister.gov/a/2014-30158, and on FDsys.gov [3410-11- P] DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
FORESTED VEGETATION. forests by restoring forests at lower. Prevent invasive plants from establishing after disturbances
FORESTED VEGETATION Type of strategy Protect General cold adaptation upland and approach subalpine forests by restoring forests at lower Specific adaptation action Thin dry forests to densities low enough
The UK Timber Resource and Future Supply Chain. Ben Ditchburn Forest Research
The UK Timber Resource and Future Supply Chain Ben Ditchburn Forest Research Timber availability The landscape of timber availability in Great Britain and the United Kingdom is moving through a period
Post-Wildfire Clean-Up and Response in Houston Toad Habitat Best Management Practices
Post-Wildfire Clean-Up and Response in Houston Toad Habitat Best Management Practices Purpose The purpose of this document is to provide guidance and recommendations for minimizing potential impacts to
Trees and Reliable Electric Service. Answers to Questions About Tree Pruning and Electric Power. We re connected to you by more than power lines.
Trees and Reliable Electric Service Answers to Questions About Tree Pruning and Electric Power We re connected to you by more than power lines. How is Line Clearance Done? Pepco s tree contractor will
The Ohio State University. Environment and Natural Resources 3333 Spring 2015 SILVICULTURE. Syllabus
The Ohio State University 1 Environment and Natural Resources 3333 Spring 2015 Description and Objectives SILVICULTURE Syllabus Silviculture is essentially applied forest ecology. It has been defined as
Lesson 9: Introduction to the Landscape Management System (LMS)
Lesson 9: Introduction to the Landscape Management System (LMS) Review and Introduction In earlier lessons, you learned how to establish and take measurements in sample inventory plots. In Lesson 8, you
Photo courtesy of the National Wild Turkey Federation NON-GAME GAME
FORESTS AND WILDLIFE Wildlife and forest management are not only compatible, but are interrelated. Developing an active forest resource management plan allows you to place a special emphasis on wildlife
CORN IS GROWN ON MORE ACRES OF IOWA LAND THAN ANY OTHER CROP.
CORN IS GROWN ON MORE ACRES OF IOWA LAND THAN ANY OTHER CROP. Planted acreage reached a high in 1981 with 14.4 million acres planted for all purposes and has hovered near 12.5 million acres since the early
1 SEEDLING QUALITY. Seedling quality
Seedling quality Quality versus quantity A nursery manager s most important goal is to produce quality trees. Quality is more important than quantity. It is a common mistake in nurseries to concentrate
Your Defensible Space Slideshow
Your Defensible Space Slideshow Red = Trees to Remove Your Defensible Space Slideshow This slideshow was created to highlight actions you can take to dramatically improve the chances of your home surviving
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Biomass Harvest Guidelines
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Biomass Harvest Guidelines What do Biomass Harvest Guidelines offer? They offer recommendations to manage forest-, brush- and open- land with the intent to protect water, timber,
The Basics of Tree Pruning
The Basics of Tree Pruning By John Ball, Forest Health Specialist and Aaron Kiesz, Urban and Community Forestry Specialist Until the end of the 19 th century, trees were not a common sight in many parts
Table A1. To assess functional connectivity of Pacific marten (Martes caurina) we identified three stand types of interest (open,
Supplemental Online Appendix Table A1. To assess functional connectivity of Pacific marten (Martes caurina) we identified three stand types of interest (open, simple, complex) but divided these into subclasses
Forest Management Guidelines for the Protection of Four-toed and Spotted Salamander Populations Carol Hall & Bruce Carlson May 2004
Forest Management Guidelines for the Protection of Four-toed and Spotted Salamander Populations Carol Hall & Bruce Carlson May 2004 Salamander Natural History Four-toed Salamanders: The Four-toed Salamander,
Report from Life Coastal Woodlands. Forest management methods in the coastal woodlands
Report from Life Coastal Woodlands Forest management methods in the coastal woodlands Ida Wigrup, Swedish Forest Agency 2007 Content 1 Introduction 3 2 Regeneration cutting with nature conservation consideration
Arbor Day Tree Trivia
Arbor Day Tree Trivia What day is Arbor Day? The last Friday of April. (April 30, 2010) Who is the father of Arbor Day? J. Sterling Morton When was the first Arbor Day? 1872 Name Idaho's state tree. Western
Broadmoor Public Golf Course TREE MANAGEMENT GUIDE
Broadmoor Public Golf Course TREE MANAGEMENT GUIDE Conservation of the trees at the Broadmoor Public Golf Course is a priority for environmental, economic and human health reasons. Trees make a difference
Fire-Silviculture Relationships in Sierra Forests
C. PHILLIP WEATHERSPOON 44 Pacific Southwest Research Station U.S. Forest Service Redding, California Fire-Silviculture Relationships in Sierra Forests ABSTRACT Many of the tools available for managing
High Conservation Value Forests 3.1. Old Growth Forests. Management & Monitoring Framework
High Conservation Value Forests 3.1 Old Growth Forests Management & Monitoring Framework HCV 3: Forest areas that are in or contain rare, threatened or endangered ecosystems. HCVF 3.1 Old Growth Areas
Maine Forest Service Interpretations of the Maine Forest Practices Act Statute and Rules (12 MRSA 8867-A to 8888 & MFS Rules Chapter 20)
Maine Forest Service Interpretations of the Maine Forest Practices Act Statute and Rules (12 MRSA 8867-A to 8888 & MFS Rules Chapter 20) These interpretations take into account the full context, meaning,
Pruning Mature Trees. Reasons for Pruning
Pruning Mature Trees Pruning is the most common tree maintenance procedure. Although forest trees grow quite well with only nature's pruning, landscape trees require a higher level of care to maintain
Managing Fire Dependent Wildlife Habitat without Fire. A Land Management Practice That: 100 Years of Fire Suppression in Ponderosa pine ecosystems
Managing Fire Dependent Wildlife Habitat without Fire Dale Swedberg Chairman North Central Washington Prescribed Fire Council Land Management Practices used to Manage Wildlife Habitat A Land Management
The Tropical Rainforest Rainforest Series, Part 1 - by Mikki Sadil
Rainforest Series, Part 1 - Tropical rainforests are among the most mysterious of all geographical biomes in the world. A biome is an area with very distinctive plants and animals that have adapted to
Licensee Performance Evaluation 2002-2007 Natural Resources Natural Resources
Licensee Performance Evaluation 2002-2007 Natural Resources Licensee Performance Evaluation 2 INTRODUCTION There are ten Crown Timber Licenses within New Brunswick. These are managed by six forestry companies
Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems
Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Before You Read Before you read the chapter, respond to these statements. 1. Write an A if you agree with the statement. 2. Write a D if you disagree with the statement.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT
Form 1221-2 (June 1969) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT MANUAL TRANSMITTAL SHEET Subject: BLM Manual 5716 Protective Measures Release 5-161 Date 7/7/15 1. Explanation
Life Cycle Of A Plant Population
Life Cycle Of A Plant Population Seed Rain n=3 Growth And Mortality n=7 Seedling Cohort n=22 Environmental Sieve Seed Bank n=5 Copyright G. Bonan 22 Suvivorship Of Seedlings In A Northern Hardwood Forest
Fire, Forest History, and Ecological Restoration of Ponderosa Pine Forests at Mount Rushmore, South Dakota
Fire, Forest History, and Ecological Restoration of Ponderosa Pine Forests at Mount Rushmore, South Dakota Restoration uses the past not as a goal but as a reference point for the future...it is not to
POCKWOCK - BOWATER WATERSHED STUDY
Contents Location of Study & Treatments..... 1 Site Characteristics.............. 2 Forest Composition.............. 3 Roads.... 3 Harvesting Information........... 4 Literature Cited.................
Background research on the topic of urban forestry is intended to
overview urban forestry Urban Forestry Background research on the topic of urban forestry is intended to help guide the task of integrating trees and urban forestry goals and aspirations into the Portland
WILDFLOWER RESTORATION PROJECT. Experimental Design and Data Collection Guide
1 Experimental Design and Data Collection Guide 2 INTRODUCTION This citizen science wildflower restoration project requires you to set up a study site, gather and plant seeds, and monitor changes in the
S I L V I C U L T U R E
S I L V I C U L T U R E Juvenile Spacing A Guide for Forestry Crews Province of British Columbia Ministry of Forests FS 208 HSI 92/1 Safety First Powersaw spacing is a dangerous occupation. A few basic
Two Main Precautions Before You Begin Working
Pruning Mango Trees Roy Beckford, Ag/Natural Resources Agent, UF/IFAS Lee County Two Main Precautions Before You Begin Working 1. Mango peel and sap contain urushiol, the chemical in poison ivy and poison
Financial maturity is when the rate of value
Cutting at Financial Maturity: Maximizing the economic return of your woodland Woodland owners harvest trees for financial and personal reasons. Deciding when is the optimal time to harvest is difficult
Rain Forests. America's. Web of Life. Rain Forest Ecology. Prince William Network's OVERVIEW OBJECTIVES SUBJECTS
Rain Forest Ecology National Science Education Standards Standard C: Life Sciences Populations and ecosystems. Standard C: Life Sciences Diversity and adaptation of organisms. Standard F: Science in Personal
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITY
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITY KENNESAW, GEORGIA PREPARED JANUARY 1997 REVISED NOVEMBER 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction and Principles of Integrated Pest Management
agrees to replace at no charge any tree that dies and subsequent inspection shows that the wire basket was not properly removed.
Adopted 12/5/00; revised as of 1/2/07 Marietta Tree Commission Rules and Regulations I. Tree Planting A. Planting Specifications 1. Trees must be: A) of a minimum 1¼ inches caliper; B) single stem, straight,
COMPARTMENT REVIEW RECORD OF CHANGES AND DECISIONS. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Atlanta Management Unit. 2015 Year-of-Entry
COMPARTMENT REVIEW RECORD OF CHANGES AND DECISIONS Michigan Department of Natural Resources Atlanta Management Unit 2015 Year-of-Entry Atlanta Field Office October 31, 2013 The following documents the
Preserving Wild Ginseng in Minnesota
Note: This digital document was adapted from Smith, W. R. 1993. Preserving Wild Ginseng in Minnesota. Minnesota Natural Heritage Program, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. 7 pages. Preserving
Student Handout 1: Dichotomous Key Introduction
Assignment 2: Big 6 Lesson Plan Roberta T. Jordan EDU566: Media Utilization and Curriculum Dr. Jane McGinn, Professor Student Handout 1: Dichotomous Key Introduction What is a Dichotomous Key? Instructions:
Heartwood Forestland Fund IV, LP Highlands Property Executive Summary of the 10-Year Management Plan The Forestland Group, LLC
I Heartwood Forestland Fund IV, LP Highlands Property Executive Summary of the 10-Year Management Plan The Forestland Group, LLC Description of Property i) 130,973 acres in western Virginia in Buchanan,
Background for marketing carbon from forest growth in the US. B.S. Folegatti and M.F. Smidt
Background for marketing carbon from forest growth in the US. B.S. Folegatti and M.F. Smidt Global Warming The global climate is believed to be changing in response to the release of large amounts of heat-trapping
Wildfire Damage Assessment for the 2011 Southeast Complex Fires
Wildfire Damage Assessment for the 2011 Southeast Complex Fires Chip Bates & Mark McClure, Forest Health Management Background: On March 24, 2011, multiple wildfires began across southeast Georgia. Strong,
Why hire an arborist?
Why hire an arborist? Spring is fast approaching and that means gardens to attend and flowers to plant, but what about your trees? Now is the best time to hire an arborist to maintain your trees before
FWRC. Cooperators: Delta Wildlife, Inc. Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University
Cooperators: Delta Wildlife, Inc. Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks Mississippi Fish and Wildlife Foundation Mississippi
Croft House Lodge Tree Removal and Building Relocation Mitigation Report. November 2010
Croft House Lodge Tree Removal and Building Relocation Mitigation Report November 2010 1 A site meeting was held on 24/05/2010 at the site of the proposed Croft House Lodge Respite Centre, Carleton Road,
A GUIDE: DEVELOPING A STREET AND PARK TREE MANAGEMENT PLAN
A GUIDE: DEVELOPING A STREET AND PARK TREE MANAGEMENT PLAN An introduction to the preparation of a strategic approach to the care and maintenance of your community forest USDA Forest Service Northeastern
Diagnosing Disorders of Trees
148 Appendix A Diagnosing Disorders of Trees Diagnosing tree problems can be difficult. Symptoms and signs can be subtle or only visible using special techniques, important information can be missing,
THE CHRISTMAS TREE INDUSTRY IN THE U.S.A. A STATUS REPORT M. L. McCormack, Jr. and Wolfgang Mieder
THE CHRISTMAS TREE INDUSTRY IN THE U.S.A. A STATUS REPORT M. L. McCormack, Jr. and Wolfgang Mieder There is a wide variation in the volume of Christmas trees produced by individual growers across north
Planting and Tree Care for Roxborough Park. Keith Worley, Forester ISA Certified Arborist
Planting and Tree Care for Roxborough Park Keith Worley, Forester ISA Certified Arborist Where We Live: High elevation at the edge of Mountains and Plains. Harsh climates with: High winds. Drought periods
, ~ The ResourcesAgency. Dave McNamara
,a! California State of California Department of Forestry, ~ The ResourcesAgency - ~A' ~;::~Af;// ~/ ~~/1Y~~,\~'(.~~~~~ ~,~ F1rl WES7:RY ~~~~_.~~- note 1416 Ninth Street Sacramento, CA 95814 Phone 916-445-5571
AP Biology Unit I: Ecological Interactions
AP Biology Unit I: Ecological Interactions Essential knowledge 1.C.1: Speciation and extinction have occurred throughout the Earth s history. Species extinction rates are rapid at times of ecological stress.
Determining the Age and Benefits of a Tree
Grades: 6-8 Illinois State Science Standards: Determining the Age and Benefits of a Tree 11.A.3a Formulate hypotheses that can be tested by collecting data. 11.A.3c Collect and record data accurately using
Vegetation and Silviculture Resource Report
Bluff Mesa Hazardous Fuels Reduction Project Vegetation and Silviculture Resource Report Prepared for: Mountaintop Ranger District San Bernardino National Forest Prepared by: Joe Iozzi Silviculturist and
304 CMR: DIVISION OF FORESTS AND PARKS
304 CMR 11.00: FOREST CUTTING PRACTICES Section 11.01: Authority and Purpose 11.02: Statement of Jurisdiction 11.03: Definitions 11.04: Procedures 11.05: Standards 11.06: Rare and Endangered Species 11.07:
BENEFITS OF USING IPM
Edward J. Bechinski and William H. Bohl Potato growers who use IPM consider all available pest control tools. Alternatives to conventional pesticides are the foundation of every IPM plan. Pesticides play
Habitat Management Techniques Flatwoods Salamander. USFWS Recommendations
Habitat Management Techniques Flatwoods Salamander USFWS Recommendations Habitat Management Techniques to Benefit the Flatwoods Salamander. These techniques are the most current recommendations that the
Tree and forest restoration following wildfire
Peter F. Kolb (PhD) MSU Extension Forestry Specialist Adj. Assistant Professor Forest Ecology School of Forestry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59808 Tel. (406) 243-4705, e-mail: efpfk@forestry.umt.edu
SILVICULTURE OF THE COLORADO FRONT RANGE LANDSCAPE RESTORATION INITIATIVE
SILVICULTURE OF THE COLORADO FRONT RANGE LANDSCAPE RESTORATION INITIATIVE Silvicultural Practices & Implementation Methods Through 3 Years Of Fuels Reduction & Restoration Treatments Collaborative Forest
PUTTING FORAGES TOGETHER FOR YEAR ROUND GRAZING
PUTTING FORAGES TOGETHER FOR YEAR ROUND GRAZING Jimmy C. Henning A good rotational grazing system begins with a forage system that allows the maximum number of grazing days per year with forages that are
Forest Resources of the Manti-La Sal National Forest
United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station December 1998 Forest Resources of the Manti-La Sal National Forest Renee A. O Brien Sharon W. Woudenberg Manti-La
Natural Disturbance-Based Silviculture for Restoration and Maintenance of Biological Diversity
Natural Disturbance-Based Silviculture for Restoration and Maintenance of Biological Diversity R.J. Mitchell, J.F. Franklin, B.J. Palik, L.K. Kirkman, L.L. Smith, R.T. Engstrom, and M.L. Hunter, Jr. Executive
Wildlife Management Notes
Wildlife Management Notes No 5. GRAY AND FOX SQUIRRELS The gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) and the fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) are members of the order Rodentia and family Sciuridae. Both are arboreal
Tree factsheet images at pages 3, 4, 5
Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Tree factsheet images at pages 3, 4, 5 Prunus serotina Ehrh. taxonomy author, year Ehrhart 1783 synonym - Family Rosaceae Eng. Name Black Cherry, Wild Cherry
The LAndscape Management Policy Simulator (LAMPS) Pete Bettinger Department of Forest Resources Oregon State University
The LAndscape Management Policy Simulator (LAMPS) Pete Bettinger Department of Forest Resources Oregon State University CLAMS Landscape Planning and Analysis Process Existing forest inventories Management
Woodlands Management Plan. (Draft June 2011) A. Definition of Woodlands Areas vs. Landscaped Areas of Parkfairfax
Woodlands Management Plan (Draft June 2011) I. Background A. Definition of Woodlands Areas vs. Landscaped Areas of Parkfairfax The woodlands are defined as those wooded areas of Parkfairfax which are left
Lesson 1. Objectives: ocus: Subjects:
Lesson 1 The Web of Life Objectives: 1. Understand the concept of an ecosystem. 2. Understand the interdependence of members of an ecosystem. Subjects: 1. Ecology 2. Language 3. Art MATERIALS: Copies of
CHAPTER 13 NATURAL RESOURCES ARTICLE III. TREES
CHAPTER 13 NATURAL RESOURCES ARTICLE III. TREES Sec. 13-300. Definitions. Street trees: "Street trees" are herein defined as trees, shrubs, bushes, and all other woody vegetation on either side of all
City of Alcoa Electric Department Tree Trimming Policy
City of Alcoa Electric Department Tree Trimming Policy General City of Alcoa Electric Department (CAED) is required by TVA, the system that we operate under, to provide and reasonably maintain electrical
Pruning Trees. Center for Landscape and Urban Horticulture. University of California Cooperative Extension Central Coast & South Region
University of California Cooperative Extension Central Coast & South Region Center for Landscape and Urban Horticulture Pruning Trees Pruning Trees at Planting Landscape trees should not be pruned at planting
Public Utility District #1 of Jefferson County Vegetation Clearance Policy And Specifications
Jefferson County PUD Company Policy Policy No. Date: Public Utility District #1 of Jefferson County Vegetation Clearance Policy And Specifications Purpose The purpose of this policy statement and these
Flame Spread Performance of Wood Products
Flame Spread Performance of Wood Products Wood and wood-based products are widely used in interior wall, ceiling, and floor surfaces in all types of buildings. Appearance, acoustical qualities, and interior
MANAGING BEECH BARK DISEASE IN MICHIGAN. Abstract. Introduction. Hazard Tree Management
MANAGING BEECH BARK DISEASE IN MICHIGAN Robert L. Heyd Forest, Mineral & Fire Management Division Michigan Department of Natural Resources Marquette, Michigan 49855 Abstract The year 2000 discovery of
Evergreen Carbon Capture - 2
Motivated by our mission to conserve and restore the lands in our region, Forterra s Evergreen Carbon Capture program (ECC) helps companies, organizations and individuals do their part to improve the long-term
What Do You See? FOR 274: Forest Measurements and Inventory. Logs and Scaling: Definitions. Tree and Wood Volume Log Volumes Cords Weight Scaling
What Do You See? FOR 274: Forest Measurements and Inventory Tree and Wood Volume Log Volumes Cords Weight Scaling Logs and Scaling: Definitions Logs: cut trees lengths of 8ft or more The process of measuring
PEER REVIEW: SCS/ FSC Certification Evaluation Report of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts public lands, draft report dated July 5, 2009.
PEER REVIEW: SCS/ FSC Certification Evaluation Report of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts public lands, draft report dated July 5, 2009. Peer Reviewer: Robert R. Bryan, MS Date of Review: July 9, 2009
6. NATURAL AREAS FIRE MANAGEMENT
6. NATURAL AREAS FIRE MANAGEMENT 6-1 Wildfire management is an important component of managing and maintaining County natural areas. The natural areas are woven into the community fabric and are a part
CARING FOR ICE-DAMAGED TREES
CARING FOR ICE-DAMAGED TREES Ice storms are fairly common events. Severe ice storms can affect trees, but trees can also be remarkably resilient. Healthy trees that have not suffered major structural damage,
Commercial Timber Harvest Planning and Operations Standard Operating Procedures Manual. Environment and Natural Resources
Commercial Timber Harvest Planning and Operations Standard Operating Procedures Manual Environment and Natural Resources First Edition November 2005 -ii- Preface The purpose of the Commercial Timber Harvest
GROWTH POTENTIAL OF LOBLOLLY PINE PLANTATIONS IN THE GEORGIA PIEDMONT: A SPACING STUDY EXAMPLE
GROWTH POTENTIAL OF LOBLOLLY PINE PLANTATIONS IN THE GEORGIA PIEDMONT: A SPACING STUDY EXAMPLE Plantation Management Research Cooperative Daniel B. Warnell School of Forest Resources University of Georgia
Unit 4 - Shelter. Plants
Unit 4 - Shelter Shelter is one of the elements of survival, along with food and water. Shelter offers people safety and security. Often a person s shelter is a reflection of their personal habitat. Outside
School of Forest Resources and conservation
School of Forest Resources and conservation Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources Forestry, Wildlife, Water and Soil Resources, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Natural Resource Recreation
PLANET EARTH: Seasonal Forests
PLANET EARTH: Seasonal Forests Teacher s Guide Grade Level: 6-8 Running Time: 42 minutes Program Description Investigate temperate forests and find some of the most elusive creatures and welladapted plant
Communities and Biomes
Name Date Class Communities and Biomes Section 3.1 Communities n your textbook, read about living in a community. Determine if the statement is true. f it is not, rewrite the italicized part to make it
Silvicultural principles, phases and measures in growing valuable broadleaved tree species
Silvicultural principles, phases and measures in growing valuable broadleaved tree species A. Oosterbaan(1), E. Hochbichler(2), V.N. Nicolescu(3) and H. Spiecker(4) (1)Alterra, Wageningen UR, PO.Box 47,
ANNUAL REPORT UNALIENATED CROWN LAND WEED CONTROL TASMAN-NELSON DISTRICT
ANNUAL REPORT UNALIENATED CROWN LAND WEED CONTROL TASMAN-NELSON DISTRICT Financial Year 2008-2009 Prepared for Land Information New Zealand by Landward Management Ltd PO Box 5627 DUNEDIN June 2009 TABLE
H-GAC Debris Workshop 2: Mitigating Your Hazards Handout 1 Public Outreach Debris Mitigation Strategies
H-GAC Debris Workshop 2: Mitigating Your Hazards Handout 1 Public Outreach Debris Mitigation Strategies This handout provides examples of debris mitigation initiatives for the public that communities have
How To Plan A Buffer Zone
Backyard Buffers Protecting Habitat and Water Quality What is a buffer? A buffer (also called a riparian buffer area or zone) is the strip of natural vegetation along the bank of a stream, lake or other
Guide to Selling Your Timber ONCE YOU READ THIS GUIDE, YOU WILL KNOW: What to do if someone offers to buy your timber. How to get help in selling your timber. When trees are ready to sell. Why a contract
Managing Black Walnut
Managing Black Walnut Mel Baughman Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota Lenny Farlee Extension Forester Purdue University Why Grow Black Walnut? Wood Products Rich, brown color Novelty items Lumber