b. Determine the U.S. maximum cheese production.
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1 EXERCISE 3.1 (U.S. PPF) In the United States, producing one unit of cheese requires 1 unit of labor, while producing one unit of wine requires 2 units of labor. a. Construct the U.S. production possibilities frontier for labor supply L = 100. b. Determine the U.S. maximum cheese production. c. Determine the U.S. maximum wine production. d. Find the U.S. opportunity cost of cheese in terms of wine. Where does it appear in the equation describing the production possibilities frontier? EXERCISE 3.2 (JAPANESE PPF) In Japan, producing one unit of cheese requires 6 units of labor, while producing one unit of wine requires 3 units of labor. a. Construct Japan s production possibilities frontier for labor supply L* = 300. b. Determine Japan s maximum cheese production.
2 c. Determine Japan s maximum wine production. d. Find Japan s opportunity cost of cheese in terms of wine. e. Compare the slopes of the U.S. and Japanese PPFs. EXERCISE 3.3 (WORLD EQUILIBRIUM) a. Find the relative price of cheese to wine required to have the United States produce both cheese and wine. b. Find the relative price of cheese to wine required to have Japan produce both cheese and wine. c. Find the world relative supply of cheese to wine if both countries specialize in their comparative advantage good.
3 d. Construct world relative supply. e. Graph world relative demand for cheese to wine RD = P /P. W C f. Find the equilibrium relative price of cheese to wine under free trade. g. Compare the free trade relative price to each country s autarky relative price. h. Determine each country s optimal production bundle under free trade. EXERCISE 3-4a (U.S. TPF) a. Construct the U.S. trade possibilities frontier.
4 b. Determine the U.S. maximum cheese consumption. c. Determine the U.S. maximum wine consumption. d. Find the slope of the U.S. TPF. EXERCISE 3-4b (JAPANESE TPF) e. Construct Japan s trade possibilities frontier. f. Determine Japan s maximum cheese consumption. g. Determine Japan s maximum wine consumption. h. Find the slope of Japan s TPF. Compare the slopes of the U.S. and Japanese TPFs.
5 EXERCISE 3.1 SOLUTION (U.S. PPF) In the United States, producing one unit of cheese requires 1 unit of labor, while producing one unit of wine requires 2 units of labor. a. Construct the U.S. production possibilities frontier for labor supply L = 100. b. Determine the U.S. maximum cheese production. c. Determine the U.S. maximum wine production. d. Find the U.S. opportunity cost of cheese in terms of wine. Where does it appear in the equation describing the production possibilities frontier? It is the absolute value of the slope of the PPF.
6 EXERCISE 3.2 SOLUTION (JAPANESE PPF) In Japan, producing one unit of cheese requires 6 units of labor, while producing one unit of wine requires 3 units of labor. a. Construct Japan s production possibilities frontier for labor supply L* = 300. b. Determine Japan s maximum cheese production. c. Determine Japan s maximum wine production. d. Find Japan s opportunity cost of cheese in terms of wine. e. Compare the slopes of the U.S. and Japanese PPFs. The Japanese PPF is more steeply downward sloping due to Japan s higher opportunity cost of cheese in terms of wine.
7 EXERCISE 3.3 SOLUTION (WORLD EQUILIBRIUM) In the United States, producing one unit of cheese requires 1 unit of labor, while producing one unit of wine requires 2 units of labor. In Japan, producing one unit of cheese requires 6 units of labor, while producing one unit of wine requires 3 units of labor. The U.S. labor supply is 100, while Japan s labor supply is 300. a. Find the relative price of cheese to wine required to have the United States produce both cheese and wine. b. Find the relative price of cheese to wine required to have Japan produce both cheese and wine. c. Find the world relative supply of cheese to wine if both countries specialize in their comparative advantage good. d. Construct world relative supply.
8 e. Graph world relative demand for cheese to wine RD = P /P. See table. P C/PW RD = P W/PC RS 1/ /2 1.. W C f. Find the equilibrium relative price of cheese to wine under free trade. g. Compare the free trade relative price to each country s autarky relative price. The free trade relative price of cheese to wine of 1 is higher than the U.S. autarky price of 1/2 and lower than Japan s autarky price of 2. h. Determine each country s optimal production bundle under free trade. The United States specializes in cheese and Japan specializes in wine.
9 EXERCISE 3-4a SOLUTION (U.S. TPF) In the United States, producing one unit of cheese requires 1 unit of labor, while producing one unit of wine requires 2 units of labor. In Japan, producing one unit of cheese requires 6 units of labor, while producing one unit of wine requires 3 units of labor. The U.S. labor supply is 100, while Japan s labor supply is 300. The world relative price is 1. a. Construct the U.S. trade possibilities frontier. b. Determine the U.S. maximum cheese consumption. c. Determine the U.S. maximum wine consumption. d. Find the slope of the U.S. TPF. The (negative of the) free trade relative price of cheese -1.
10 EXERCISE 3-4b SOLUTION (JAPAN TPF) e. Construct Japan s trade possibilities frontier. f. Determine Japan s maximum cheese consumption. g. Determine Japan s maximum wine consumption. h. Find the slope of Japan s TPF. Compare the slopes of the U.S. and Japanese TPFs. The (negative of the) free trade relative price of cheese -1. The two slopes are the same as the countries both face the same free trade relative price of cheese.
11 100 Exercise 3.1 US PPF Cheese (pounds)
12 Exercise 3.2 Japanese PPF Cheese (pounds)
13 Exercise 3.3 World RS & RD 2 RS RD Relative Quantity of Cheese to Wine
14 100 Exercise 3.4 US TPF TPF 50 PPF Cheese (pounds)
15 Exercise 3.4* Japanese TPF 100 TPF* PPF* Cheese (pounds)
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