Electric Automobiles

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1 Production Possibility Curves (Transformation Curves) Assumption: the curve or PPF (Production Possibility Frontier) represents full utilization of your productive resources. This means that all labor, land, capital and entrepreneurship/management are being used to their maximum. Therefore, you can be on the curve or inside of the curve but never outside of the curve. In order to move from one point on the graph to another involves trade-offs and opportunity costs. Below is an example of how to construct, read and interpret a PPF. Data on possible uses of productive resources in Nowthen Economy. Log Cabins Opportunity Cost Electric Opportunity Cost (From previous point) Automobiles (From previous point) Point A Point B Point C Point D Point E 32 0 Plot these points on the graph below as they would appear on the curve drawn for you. Log Cabins Electric Automobiles 1. Strategies to expand the production possibilities frontier: a. Discover new land resources b. Increase population and/or loosen immigration policy c. Education & training d. Increase productivity 2. Savings-Investment relationship Increased savings now means greater levels of investment and more production later.

2 Scarcity, Opportunity Cost, and Production-Possibility Curves Scarcity necessitates choice. More of one thing means less of something else. The opportunity cost of using resources for one thing instead of another is often represented in graphic form as a Production-Possibility Curve or Production- Possibility Frontier. (PPF) A. Use the following graphs of production-possibility curves to answer questions a, b, c, and d as they relate to each specific curve. NOTE: all calculations are incremental not cumulative in nature. Thinking at the margin. Production-Possibility Curve ) If this economy is currently producing 12 units of and 0 units of : a. The opportunity cost of increasing production of from 0 units to 1 unit is the loss of unit(s) of. b. The opportunity cost of increasing production of from 1 unit to 2 units is the loss of unit(s) of. c. The opportunity cost of increasing production of from 2 units to 3 units is the loss of unit(s) of. d. This graph is an example of opportunity cost for.

3 Production-Possibility Curve ) If this economy is currently producing 12 units of and 0 units of : a. The opportunity cost of increasing production of from 0 units to 1 unit is the loss of unit(s) of. b. The opportunity cost of increasing production of from 1 unit to 2 units is the loss of unit(s) of. c. The opportunity cost of increasing production of from 2 units to 3 units is the loss of unit(s) of. d. This graph is an example of opportunity cost for. Production-Possibility Curve ) If this economy is currently producing 12 units of and 0 units of : a. The opportunity cost of increasing production of from 0 units to 1 unit is the loss of unit(s) of. b. The opportunity cost of increasing production of from 1 unit to 2 units is the loss of unit(s) of. c. The opportunity cost of increasing production of from 2 units to 3 units is the loss of unit(s) of. d. This graph is an example of opportunity cost for.

4 B. Use the following graphs to show the appropriate production-possibility curves. Each graph will ask for a different type of curve. Do not worry about specific numbers, just draw an example of what each curve would look like. Curve 4: Decreasing opportunity cost Curve 5: Constant opportunity cost Curve 6: zero opportunity cost for

5 C. Using the following production-possibility diagram, answer each of the questions that follow. C Capital Goods B Y A X A B D C Consumer Goods If BB` represents a country s current production possibility curve, which other curve would be its production-possibility curve if: 1. There were a major technological breakthrough in the consumer goods sector of the economy and the new technology was widely adopted? Example: AA` 2. A new government was to come into power which forbids the use of automated machinery and modern production techniques in all industries? 3. Massive new resources of oil and coal are found within the economy. 4. Major technological innovations are adopted in both the consumer goods and capital goods sectors of the economy? 5. What can you say about an economy which is represented by point X? (Write a brief statement) 6. What can you say about an economy which is represented by point Y? (Write a brief statement)