Skin Disorder & Disease. Chapter #8

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1 Skin Disorder & Disease Chapter #8

2 Objectives Recognize common skin lesions. Describe the disorders of the sebaceous glands. Name and describe changes in skin pigmentation. Identify the forms of skin cancer.

3 Objectives Continued Understand the two major causes of acne and how to treat them. List the factors that contribute to the aging of the skin. Explain the effects of overexposure to the sun on the skin. Understand what contact dermatitis is and how it can be prevented.

4 Skin Disorders a physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin disorders, whether infectious or not, should be served in the salon.

5 Lesions A lesion A lesion can be as simple as a freckle or as dangerous as skin cancer Lesions can indicate disorder, diseases, or other internal diseases

6 Lesions a different color than the color of the skin raised above the surface of the skin

7 (similar to vesicle but larger)

8 Can be above or below the skin. Frequently seen in severe acne cases

9 red spot mark left after a pimple has healed

10

11 frequently seen in acne

12 referred to as the head of the pimple

13 above, within, or under the skin

14 varying in size, shape & color sometimes associated with cancer

15 lays within or just below the epidermis poison oak produces vesicles

16 lasts only a few hours usually caused by scratch, insect bite example:

17 Lesions

18 example:

19 skin sore or abrasion

20 example: or

21

22 example:

23 Aka:

24 accompanied by possibly weeping or fluids or pus

25 Treatments Ulcer - maintain a moist wound enviornment, topical antibiotics or surgical debridement Scar - OTC creams, dermabrasion, laser surgery, skin graft Scale - use leukwarm water to bath not hot, mild soap not detergent, emollient rich products, possible topical steroids Keloid - cortisone injection, surgery, cryotherapy, laser, chemotherapy, radiation

26 Treatments Fissure - use ointment, increase water consuption Excoriation - use of a non-soap cleanser & barrier cream Crust - use Neosporin (Curad Silver is a better choice non-petroleum product)

27 Disorders of Sebaceous Glands aka follicle filled w/ keratin and sebum

28 Disorders of the Sebaceous Glands - aka small bump just under skin surface

29 Disorders of the Sebaceous Glands - benign keratin filled cysts, just under epidermis w/ no visible opening usually on newborns found near eyes, cheeks, forehead

30 Disorders of the Sebaceous Glands aka skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands caused by bacteria (P.acnes); which means it can NOT survive in the presence of oxygen

31 Acne cont d mistaken to be a teenage disorder women often have acne problems in the 20 s - 30 s affected by 2 factors - & - hereditary tendency to retain dead cells in the follicle, forming an obstruction

32 Acne cont d when the follicles are obstructed, oxygen is blocked from the bottom of the follicles, allowing acne bacteria to multiply main food source of acne bacteria is fatty acids, which are easily obtained from the abundance of sebum in the follicle the bacteria multiply causing inflammation & swelling & eventually rupture the follicle wall then the immune system is alerted

33 Acne cont d this causes blood to rush to follicle carrying white blood cells w/ it to fight the bacteria blood surrounds and engulfs the follicle, which is what causes the redness in pimples

34 Acne Treatment specially formulated cleansers follicle exfoliants - leave on product to remove cell buildup. alpha hydroxy acid (aha), salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide avoid fatty skin care and cosmetic products - use products marked as meaning NOT pore clogging that will over clean & worsen the condition

35 Disorders of the Sebaceous Glands : large protruding pocket-like lesion filled w/ sebum frequent on surgically removed by dermatologist

36 Disorders of the Sebaceous Glands - skin condition caused by an inflammation of sebaceous glands characterized by usually medical condition but can be treated in salon if mild case use nonfatty products for sensitive skin severe cases to Dr. for topical antifungal medication

37 Disorders of the Sebaceous Glands - chronic condition, appears primarily on the cheeks and nose characterized by (redness) - dilated or distended surface blood vessels cause unknown - thought to be genetic factors known to aggravate condition: exposure to sun & heat, very cold weather, spicy foods, caffeine, alcohol, & stress

38 Rosacea cont d kept under control w/ prescribed meds using specially formulated skin care products for treatment of Rosacea

39 Disorder of the Sudoriferous Glands - in perspiration, result of fever or certain skin diseases, refer to Dr. - foul smelling perspiration, usually armpits or feet, caused by bacteria, refer to Dr. - sweating, caused by heat or body weakness, refer to Dr. - aka acute inflammatory disorder characterized by eruption of small red vesicles, burning and itching skin

40 Common Skin Infections - aka - common bacterial infection of the eye extremely contagious refer to Dr. immediately discard any products or implements that touched infected eye

41 Common Skin Infections - term broadly used to describe inflammatory condition of the skin

42 Common Skin Infections - inflammatory, uncomfortable & often chronic disease of the skin characterized by moderate to severe scaling and itching several types most common atopic eczema - inherited/ genetic or caused by allergic reaction to something internal not contagious but should be referred to Dr. topical cortisone is usual treatment

43 Common Skin Infections - recurring viral infection characterized by the eruption of a single or group of vesicles on a red swollen base(fever blister or cold sore) blisters usually appear on lips or nostrils sores can last up to 3 weeks extremely contagious requires medical attention new drugs available to control outbreaks

44 Common Skin Infections - bacterial infection characterized by weeping lesions usually seen on face of children refer to Dr.

45 Common Skin Infections - skin disease characterized by red patches covered w/ usually found on elbows, scalp, knees, chest, lower back caused by skin cells turning over faster than normal but requires medical attention treatable but not curable

46 Pigment Disorders internal factors such as heredity or hormonal fluctuations external factors such as prolonged exposure to sun or certain drugs - abnormal colorations usually accompany skin disorders

47 Means appearing as dark splotches

48 of pigment white splotches

49 including skin, hair, & nails skin is pinkish white & will not tan eyes are pink skin is sensitive to light and ages early

50 aka (has nothing to do w/ liver) hyperpigmentation that is not elevated generally caused by sun exposure treated by exfoliation or dermatologist

51 technical term for small yellow-brown spots on skin exposed to sunlight & air

52 skin disorder characterized by caused by a burn or congenital disease that destroys the pigment producing cells ex:

53 Aka small or large malformation of skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries

54 abnormal brow or wine colored skin discoloration with a circular or irregular shape can be present at birth, appear during aging, after certain diseases cause unknown

55 change in pigmentation of skin caused by

56 Text condition that causes spots on the skin may be related to thyroid condition must be protected from overexposure to sun

57 of Skin most are benign which means harmless

58 acquired, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis caused by repeated pressure or friction on any part of the skin if the thickening grows

59 small brownish spot ranging in color from pale tan to brown to bluish black can be small & flat or raised & dark often large dark hairs grow from a mole & should never be removed except by a Dr.

60 occur most frequently on neck of an older person usually caused by friction can be removed by dermatologist

61 aka hypertrophy of papillae & epidermis caused by can spread from one location to another particularly along a scratch in the skin requires medical treatment - cryotherapy or surgically cut out

62 3 forms - each named for the type of cells that it affects If detected early anyone w/ these has a good chance of survival Cosmetologists have a unique role by being able to recognize and refer

63 lease severe characterized by light or pearly nodules

64 Carcinoma more serious often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules

65 least common but most serious characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged or raised

66 Aging Skin main concern of almost all clients over the age of 30 2 main type of factors that effect aging - Intrinsic & Extrinsic

67 Factors we have little control over aging - how our parents aged facial expressions -repeated movements result in formation of expression lines

68 Factors aka - Exposure to sun - combat by using daily moisturizer w/ spf - produces free radicals (unstable molecules that cause biochemical aging) oxygen deprivation of skin causes wrinkling & sagging, lack of blood flow causes the accumulation of cellular waste (toxins)

69 Continued overuse of alcoholic beverages - interferes w/ proper nutrition, dehydrates the body use of illegal drugs - interferes w/ body s intake of oxygen thus affecting healthy cell production stress causes biochemical changes that lead to tissue damage poor nutrition - deprives skin exposure to pollution -protect skin thru daily routine

70 The Sun & Skin -, deep penetrating can even go thru a glass window, weaken collagen & elastin & cause wrinkling & saggin -, cause sunburns & the majority of skin cancers

71 Protection from Sun avoid deliberate sun exposure use at least spf 15 with a broad spectrum UVA/UVB avoid prolonged exposure apply sunscreen 30 min b/f exposure reapply after swimming/sweating children under 6 months - no exposure wear protective clothing

72 Contact Dermatitis - when a person develops an allergy to an ingredient or chemical, usually caused by repeated skin contact commonly found on hands, face, hairline - when irritating substance temporarily damages the epidermis, usually a corrosive or exfoliating agent to prevent both wear gloves

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