SONET. Raj Jain. Professor of CIS The Ohio State University Columbus, OH Raj Jain

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1 SONET Professor of CIS Columbus, OH

2 SONET Synchronous Optical Network Standard developed by ANSI and Exchange Carrier Standards Association (ECSA) CCITT: Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) SONET links can be used in place of dark fiber SONET Link 2

3 Two Views of SONET 3

4 Protocol Components of SONET Photonic Layer: Characteristics of fibers, transmitters, receivers and encoding (ANSI T ) Section Layer: Transmission across a single link. Framing, scrambling, and error monitoring. Line Layer: Signaling between multiplexer switches. Frame synchronization. Multiplexing of data in to SONET frames. Path Layer: End-to-end signaling issues. Mapping DS3, FDDI, BISDN into SONET payload. LLC MAC PHY PMD FDDI Protocols 4 Path Transport Line Network Section Datalink PhotonicPhysical SONET Protocols

5 Terminals Physical Components of SONET Section: Single run of fiber. Clock synchronization and timing issues Line: Sections connected via repeaters. Between multiplexers or switches Path: End-to-end Multiplexer Add-Drop Multiplexer Multiplexer Repeater Repeater Section Section Section Section Line Line Path 5 Terminals

6 Protocol Hierarchy Path Line Section Envelope STS-N Block Line Section Path Line Section Photonic Frame Photonic Light Section Photonic Photonic Terminal Regenerator STS Multiplexer Terminal 6

7 SONET/SDH Signal Hierarchy Synchronous Transport Signal Level n = STS-n = n Mbps STM=Synchronous Transport Module, OC=Opical Carrier level ANSI Optical CCITT Data Rate Payload Rate Designation Signal Designation (Mbps) (Mbps) STS-1 OC STS-3 OC-3 STM STS-9 OC-9 STM STS-12 OC-12 STM STS-18 OC-18 STM STS-24 OC-24 STM STS-36 OC-36 STM STS-48 OC-48 STM STS-96 OC-96 STM STS-192 OC-192 STM

8 Byte Multiplexing Also known as byte interleaving Easier to view in two dimension A3 A2 A1 B3 B2 B1 C2 B2 A2 C1 B1 A1 C3 C2 C1 C3 C2 C1 B3 B2 B1 A3 A2 A1 C3B3A3 C2B2A2 C1B1A1 8

9 STS-1 Frame Format = Header. 810 Bytes/125 ms = Mbps Section 3 Rows 9 Rows Line 6 Rows 3 Columns 90 Columns Synchronous Payload Envelope 87 Columns 9 Path 1 Column

10 Multiplexing Mbps STS-1 Payload Mbps STS-1 Payload Mbps STS-1 Payload Mbps 10

11 Concatenation Mbps STS-1 Payload Mbps STS-1 Payload Mbps STS-1 Payload Mbps STS-3c Payload 11

12 STS-3c Frame Format STS-3c is similar to STM-1 9 Columns 270 Columns Payload 261 Columns 9 Rows 12

13 Location of SPE in STS-1 SPE supplied by the user Can arrive at any time SPE can straddle two successive STS-1 frames Frame 0 9 Rows 3 Columns 87 Columns Path 9 Rows Frame 1 9 Rows 87 Columns 13

14 Scrambling SONET uses NRZ coding. 1 = Light On, 0 = Light Off. Too many 1 s or 0 s Loss of bit clocking information All bytes (except some overhead bytes) are scrambled Polynomial 1 + x 6 + x 7 with a seed of is used to generate a pseudorandom sequence, which is XOR ed to incoming bits If user data is identical to (or complement of) the pseudorandom sequence, the result will be all 0 s or 1 s. 14

15 Summary T1, DS1, DS3,... SONET SDH STS-n, STM-n STS-3c 15

16 Line Section STS-1 Bytes Framing A1 BIP-8 B1 D1 Pointer H1 BIP-8 B2 D4 D7 D10 Growth Z1 Framing A2 Orderwire E1 D2 Pointer H2 APS K1 D5 D8 D11 Growth Z2 STS-1 ID C1 User F1 D3 Pointer Action H3 APS K2 D6 D9 D12 Orderwire E2 16 Trace J1 BIP-8 B3 Signal Label C2 Path Status G1 User Channel F2 Multiframe H4 Growth Z3 Growth Z4 Growth Z5 Path Layer

17 STS-3c bytes A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 C1 C1 C1 J1 B1 D1 E1 D2 F1 D3 B3 C2 H1 H1 H1 H2 H2 H2 H3 H3 H3 G1 B2 B2 B2 K1 K2 F2 D4 D7 D10 D5 D8 D11 D6 D9 D12 H4 Z3 Z4 Z1 Z1 Z1 Z2 Z2 Z2 E2 Z5 (a) Section and line overhead(b) Path overhead 17

Raj Jain. The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210 Jain@CIS.Ohio-State.Edu These slides are available on-line at:

Raj Jain. The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210 Jain@CIS.Ohio-State.Edu These slides are available on-line at: IP Over SONET The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210 Jain@CIS.Ohio-State.Edu These slides are available on-line at: http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/cis788-99/h_bipsn.htm 1 Overview IP over SONET:

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