Gender and science education Good news, bad news and surprising news Results and perspectives from recent research
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1 Gender and science education Good news, bad news and surprising news Results and perspectives from recent research Prague 15. May 2009 Svein Sjøberg and Camilla Schreiner University of Oslo, Norway Based on work supported by
2 ROSE and Eurobarometer (EB) Focus on attitudes, experiences, interests, future plans... Standard survey methods Target populations: EB: Adults (15+) in 32 European Countries ROSE: 15 year-olds in schools in 40 countries, all continents Representative samples (N> 1000) in each country EB: Interviews, ROSE: Written questionnaire
3 Some simple data Only single variables: Per cent agreement for girls and boys in different countries
4 Science and technology are important for society Countries are sorted by Human Development Index (and geography) Uganda Ghana (Centr) Lesotho Swaziland Zimbabwe Botswana Philippines Bangladesh India (Guj) India (Mumb) Malaysia Trinidad & T. Turkey Greece Portugal Spain (Bal) Russia (Kar) Poland Czech Rep. Latvia Estonia Slovenia Austria Germany Ireland Scotland N. Ireland England Japan Finland Iceland Sweden Denmark Norway Children in most countries agree strongly that Science and technology are important for society Girls Boys Mean G1. Science and technology are important for society
5 Attitudes to S&T: A possible generation shift in Europe? Broad agreement about the importance of Science, Technology and (basic) Research! But youth in rich countries are more ambivalent than the adults In particular the girls..
6 (EB) The application of science and new technologies will make peoples lives more interesting Adults in all Europe agree, small gender differences Turkey Romania Bulgaria Croatia Hungary Slovakia Latvia Lithuania Estonia Poland Czech Republ Slovenia Malta Cyprus Greece Portugal Spain Italy France Germany E Germany W Austria Switzerland Ireland N Ireland Great Britain Luxemburg Belgium Netherlands Finland Iceland Sweden Denmark Norway 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0 The application of science and new technologies will make peoples work more interesting 6
7 (ROSE) New technologies will make work more interesting Scepticism and ambivalence among young people in the Nordic countries and Japan, in particular among girls. Uganda Ghana (Centr) Lesotho Swaziland Zimbabwe Botswana Philippines Bangladesh India (Guj) India (Mumb) Malaysia Trinidad & T. Turkey Greece Portugal Spain (Bal) Russia (Kar) Poland Czech Rep. Latvia Estonia Slovenia Austria Germany Ireland Scotland N. Ireland England Japan Finland Iceland Sweden Denmark Norway Mean G5. New technologies will make work more interesting
8 Interest to learn about: (108 simple items) Main pattern: The more developed country, the less overall interest Or rather: The more selective are the learners
9 Interest in S&T: Context is the key word: Traditional School science has little appeal The gender difference increases with development on all items: Boys interests (and NOT the girls ) q The technical, mechanical, electrical, spectacular, violent, explosive Girls interests (and NOT the boys ) q Health and medicine, beauty and the human body, ethics, aesthetics, wonder, speculation (and the paranormal..)
10 How plants grow and reproduce Very low interest, 20 % average
11 Atoms and molecules No context or School science : Low interest, in particular for girls
12 Chemicals, their properties and how they react No context or school context Low interest, in particular for girls
13 Detergents, soaps and how they work Everyday context Low interest for all
14 Famous scientist and their lives Biographies of scientists. Low interest, in particular for girls
15 How petrol and diesel engines work Technical context Only of interest for boys
16 Explosive chemicals Violent and spectacular context Only of interest for boys
17 What to eat to keep healthy and fit Body and health Girls interest, growing gender difference
18 Cancer, what we know and how we can treat it Health and medicin Girls interest, growing gender difference
19 The winner is: The possibility of life outside earth Space, life, wonder, openness The most popular for girls and boys
20 The environment and sustainable development? Important for all, but mainly for girls Boys think problems are exaggerated and trust experts to sort out the problems Girls believe that each individual makes a difference Girls are willing to pay the price, Boys are reluctant
21 Important for future work: The prime importance of values, attitudes and meaning! (For Girls in particular) Girls priority: Working with, and helping people Boys priority: Working with their hands, with things, machines and tools (AND: Earning lots of money, becoming the boss at the job, becoming famous ---. and having an easy job )
22 Future work: Working with people rather than things Many boys, in particular in Scandinavia, are not very interested in working with people. Uganda Ghana (Centr) Lesotho Swaziland Zimbabwe Botswana Philippines Bangladesh India (Guj) India (Mumb) Malaysia Trinidad & T. Turkey Greece Portugal Spain (Bal) Russia (Kar) Poland Czech Rep. Latvia Estonia Slovenia Austria Germany Ireland Scotland N. Ireland England Japan Finland Iceland Sweden Denmark Norway Girls want to work with people Working with people instead of things
23 Helping other people Many boys, in particular in the wealthier countries, are not very interested in helping other people. Uganda Ghana (Centr) Lesotho Swaziland Zimbabwe Botswana Philippines Bangladesh India (Guj) India (Mumb) Malaysia Trinidad & T. Turkey Greece Portugal Spain (Bal) Russia (Kar) Poland Czech Rep. Latvia Estonia Slovenia Austria Germany Ireland Scotland N. Ireland England Japan Finland Iceland Sweden Denmark Norway Same pattern: Girls want to help other people, boys are reluctant Mean B2. Helping other people
24 Building or repairing objects using my hands Boys want a job where they can build and repair things with their hands girls do not want such jobs! Uganda Ghana (Centr) Lesotho Swaziland Zimbabwe Botswana Philippines Bangladesh India (Guj) India (Mumb) Malaysia Trinidad & T. Turkey Greece Portugal Spain (Bal) Russia (Kar) Poland Czech Rep. Latvia Estonia Slovenia Austria Germany Ireland Scotland N. Ireland England Japan Finland Iceland Sweden Denmark Norway Mean B6. Building or repairing objects using my hands
25 Recruitment: What about future careers and studies in S&T?
26 I would like to become a scientist In wealthy countries, very few want to become scientists in particular not the girls Uganda Ghana (Centr) Lesotho Swaziland Zimbabwe Botswana Philippines Bangladesh India (Guj) India (Mumb) Malaysia Trinidad & T. Turkey Greece Portugal Spain (Bal) Russia (Kar) Poland Czech Rep. Latvia Estonia Slovenia Austria Germany Ireland Scotland N. Ireland England Japan Finland Iceland Sweden Denmark Norway In poor countries, everybody want to become scientists, (but very few get the possibility) I would like to become a scientist
27 I would like to get a job in technology In wealthy countries, nearly no girls want to work with technology, and even boys are ambivalent Uganda Ghana (Centr) Lesotho Swaziland Zimbabwe Botswana Philippines Bangladesh India (Guj) India (Mumb) Malaysia Trinidad & T. Turkey Greece Portugal Spain (Bal) Russia (Kar) Poland Czech Rep. Latvia Estonia Slovenia Austria Germany Ireland Scotland N. Ireland England Japan Finland Iceland Sweden Denmark Norway Same pattern: In poor countries, everybody want to work with technology, but Japan may face a problem I would like to get a job in technology
28 ROSE-articles, data etc. on 28
29 What s next? IRIS: an emerging EU-funded research initiative to address interest, recruitment and choice
30 Factors influencing recruitment, retention and gender equity in SMT higher education What is my friends' opinion about this? Am I interested in the subject? Will the profession suit med? Am I good enough? Will I manage to get a job? What are the employees in thesecured basic field concerned about at work? EU FP7 funding How are the salaries for a 5 country consortium Does it suit boys or girls? Will I find the work meaningful? What about mom and dad's work? How large is the risk, and what do I have to sacrifice? A network (based on ROSE) of 50+ countries want to take part. (not yet funded)
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