SELAMAT DATANG DI BOGOR IN INDONESIA WELCOME TO BOGOR IN INDONESIA

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1 SELAMAT DATANG DI BOGOR IN INDONESIA WELCOME TO BOGOR IN INDONESIA Just like all the other GAME teams, Team Indonesia is working on the question why invasive species are often more tolerant to environmental stress than comparable native species. To test whether the selection for stress tolerant genotypes during transport could be a reason for this, we are mimicking the conditions in anthropogenic vectors like ballast water tanks during a transoceanic passage. SUNSET AT THE TRAINSTATION OF BOGOR. The organisms we chose for our experiments are the Asian green lip mussel Perna viridis, which is already invasive in many parts of the world, and the white-legged shrimp Penaeus vannamei, which is used in aquaculture all over Asia. IN THE MIDDLE OF THE JUNGLE One big difference to the other participating GAME countries is that our institute is located in the middle of the jungle - which is why we face problems other teams do not have. MAIN BUILDING OF BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY. The whole story started when we prepared our equipment and the lab prior to bringing the first mussels from Jakarta Bay. The shortest way to the ocean is 50 km beeline what is equivalent to a 2 hours drive by car starting at 3 am (to avoid heavy traffic that would prolong the drive to around 4 hours). Watching the fishermen reel in over 500 kg or mussels in the early sunrise is an amazing spectacle. Among this huge amount of mussels, we started to collect the most appropriate specimens for our study - mussels 1

2 with a length of around 4 5 cm. But pay attention on a small boat: try not to stand in the fishermen s way. Mussels needed to get to the laboratory as soon as possible as the water quality in the cooling boxes we used for transport declines very fast. So, we drove on the highway toll road with just a short break on a motorway service area to change the water in the boxes -hoping that the mussels feel comfortable during their journey. However, the way we got our second species was less spectacular: We just took them from the laboratory next door, which is a big aquaculture department working with shrimps. AQUACULTURE SITE IN THE BAY OF JAKARTA AT SUNRISE (L.) AND A CREW OF MUSSEL FARMERS (R.). LAB WORK After we got our first specimens to the laboratory in Bogor, we conducted several pilot studies to learn about the stress tolerance of Perna viridis and Penaeus vannamei. This served to identify the most suitable stress intensities for our main experiments - in our case a water temperature that does not kill all TEAM INDONESIA CHECKS THE TEMPERATURE DURING THE FIRST PILOT EXPERIMENT. individuals at once, but poses a stress when applied for a time of 7-14 days. Actually, we found out that thetemperature tolerance of both species is quite the same. Both can hardly stand more than 34.6 C for longer than 2 weeks. With this information the work could start. We needed to build up an experimental setup for the main 2

3 experiment to heat up over 300 individuals to the the target temperature. Everybody was now focused on the preparation of a really big experiment. Let the work begin. PREPARING THE LABORATORY FOR A BIG EXPERIMENT The big challenge for us as a GAME team was to prepare the Indonesian laboratory for the experiments. Our local supervisor was skeptical about the idea to work with more than 300 replicates at once. Working with tropical species is time consuming as they have high metabolic rates thus always need good water quality, aeration and almost constant food supply. In Indonesia, this means to change the water every day by hand (just like in Chile), check the aeration and, our most limiting factor, get along with 1000 liters of seawater, which is the maximal amount of seawater that we can keep in the lab. As the university is situated in the middle of the jungle, the seawater has to be transported from Sea World from the north of Jakarta. YASSER BUILDING THE MESOCOSM TO HEAT UP OVER 200 MUSSEL INDIVIDUALS. PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES After two weeks of intensive in the field planning and considering problems, which nobody would have ever thought about during the preparation course in Kiel, everything seemed to be somewhat realizable. If you plan an experiment, you want to achieve it in the best possible way. However, limited water and power supply, high temperature and sometimes constant rain are things that could cross your plans. When you are planning an experiment in Europe without much abroad experience, many unforeseen things will happen and you will learn to use available resources efficiently. The simple idea of our experiment - to work with heat as a stressor - faced us with the problem how to heat up a big mesocosm tank with over 1000 liters of water. Simple idea 3

4 and easy solution: We heat up the water with several 300 Watt heaters and put our individuals inside. So, we plugged the heaters into the power sockets and saw the cable drum go up in smoke. The power supply in our lab turned out to be too weak to bear more than one heater in one power socket per time. As there are only 3 power sockets available, we had to reject our first plan of many small tanks with individual heaters and started everything from the scratch again. After long hours of discussion and planning we came up with an even better solution: Now we are using two big water-filled mesocosms that serve as water bathes, in which we place the smaller tanks with the mussels. This leads to more constant water temperatures and smaller temperature differences between single tanks. Many small projects here start simple, but then end up as an adventure trip through the shops of Bogor to find the right material or the help of an expert. This makes you plan more carefully. WHAT S NEXT We started our work in Indonesia in the mid of April and finished the preparations for the first big experiment in the second week of June. At the moment, we are in the lab for 12 hours every day to handle 335 individuals, happily sitting in their containers and waiting to be heated up. Every single individual needs water exchange, food and a short notice of attention every day, what piles up our working time in the lab. At the first of August, we will start the next experiment with the shrimps, while the mussel experiment will then not be finished completely. We then need to face this challenge of running two experiments at the same time. 400 MUSSELS IN GLAS AQUARIA GET ACCLIMATIZED TO LAB CONDITIONS (L.) AND YASSER CHANGING THE WATER FOR THE INDIVIDUALS (R.), WHICH ARE ALREADY UNDER HEAT STRESS. 4

5 34 C GREETINGS FROM INDONESIA GAME X TEAM ARMIN FABRITZEK AND YASSER AHMED 5

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