DR. NEALE FRETWELL. Research & Development Director. October 6, 2011

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1 October 6, 2011 Dear K, When we analysed s DNA data with the Wisdom Panel Professional computer analysis, the ancestry chart only appeared to contain. To confirm this, we performed a complimentary Wisdom Panel Purebred analysis, and s results are indeed consistent with the purebred samples in the Wisdom Panel database. This is due to the following observed results: In a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), s DNA sample appears within the cluster. In a PCA, s DNA sample appears within the cluster when also compared to an outgroup. In a PCA, s DNA sample appears within the cluster when compared to samples of the two next best matched breeds in the Wisdom Panel Ancestry analysis. The is detected as the sole predominant breed in a Wisdom Panel ancestry analysis. The is the top matching breed in a pairwise comparison analysis between s DNA data and all the purebred dogs in the Wisdom Panel database. The is detected most frequently in the top 20 best matched dogs in an individual pairwise comparison analysis with all of the nearly 10,000 dogs in the Wisdom Panel database. The observed homozygosity of s DNA data is within the expected range for this breed. A more detailed explanation of the specific tests performed on s DNA data are explained in the Further Analysis section at the end of the report. If you have any questions about the information enclosed, please contact our customer care team at customercare@marsveterinary.com. Regards, DR. NEALE FRETWELL Research & Development Director

2 Congratulations! You re about to uncover the story of your dog s ancestry. In this report, you will find detailed results from s Wisdom Panel Professional mixed-breed DNA analysis. In the following pages, you will learn about: BREED DETECTION BREED APPEARANCE & BEHAVIOR APPEARANCE, BEHAVIOR & HISTORY What s Your Dog s Tale? SHARING YOUR DOG S STORY It is important to carefully review your entire report and discuss the results with your veterinarian to gain the most valuable insight into. Owner Name: K James Test Report Code: Date Printed: October 6, 2011 GRAFFIT I

3 Breed Detection What breeds make up? The chart below summarizes the predicted last three generations of s ancestry based on the Wisdom Panel ancestry analyses performed on s DNA data. The data supports the observation that s genetic profile matches that of a purebred. Learn more about this breed on the following pages...

4 Example: Riff Breed Appearance & Behavior THE INFLUENCE OF BREEDS ON APPEARANCE AND BEHAVIOR This report reveals the breeds detected in your dog s DNA. It also includes checklists of physical and behavioral traits associated with these breeds. Breeds can combine their influences in countless, fascinating ways. It s a unique combination that makes your dog one-of-a-kind. Your dog may behave like - or strongly resemble - just one of the breeds in its makeup, but - much more commonly - your dog s looks and personality will blend aspects of these breeds. Consider the example below... Wisdom Panel Professional found these breeds in our example dog Riff: Chihuahua Toy Fox Terrier Japanese Chin In this example, while many of Riff s physical and behavioral traits suggest a blending of breed influences, there are certain aspects of her appearance and personality that suggest the influence of specific breeds. PHYSICAL TRAITS CHIHUAHUA TOY FOX TERRIER BEHAVIORAL TRAITS JAPANESE CHIN

5 Appearance, Behavior & History Height: Over 15 in Weight (Show): lb Weight (Pet): lb Ears: Muzzle: Tail: The is a breed with a long history and unknown origins. s have been featured in royal artwork since the 1500 s and although many think of it as a French breed, it is unlikely. Experts believe the may have originated in Central Europe or Russia, although it is also possible that the breed originated in Spain or Portugal. Another theory claims the was brought to France by German soldiers during the 1400 s. It is not disputed however, that the modern traits of the breed were developed in France. s are believed to be related to the Portuguese Water Dog and the Irish Water Spaniel. Though many regard s as ornamental lap dogs, they are actually gun dogs with an excellent reputation for bird hunting and water retrieval. The name has its roots in an old German word meaning to splash about, which is a reference to their fondness for water. Smaller breeds were developed in the 1700 s, much later than the large. The was recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1887 and has become one of the most popular breeds in America. The has a wide range of colors including solid blacks, grays, silvers, browns, apricots, creams and shading variations. Although the AKC standard does not permit particolored dogs, this is an accepted variant by the UKC. s have been historically clipped to aid performance so may look quite different unclipped. Do you recognize any of these traits in? Intelligent, calm, and usually friendly dogs. Some can have a high amount of energy. Have a sensitive nature and respond well to motivational tools such as treats or favorite toys in a reward-based approach to training. Generally good family dogs.

6 Sharing Your Dog s Story Thank you for choosing Wisdom Panel Professional to uncover the story of your dog s ancestry! Congratulations on taking the steps to learn about your dog's ancestry and to understand what breeds are in your mixed breed dog using Wisdom Panel! Knowing your dog s breeds is more than a novelty - it is a medical necessity. Each breed in your pooch s genetic paw print has unique health concerns you should know about so that you can provide a lifetime of excellent care. Visit to find out more about your dog s health-care needs: you ll feel better knowing that you re doing everything you can to keep your pal happy and healthy. In addition to loads of free, easy-to-understand information based on the latest medical research, you will receive a 50% discount on all downloadable health-care booklets that explain the common health concerns for individual breeds. Simply enter promotional code WISDOM when you check out to receive your discount (expires 30 days after you receive your Wisdom Panel report). Predicted Adult Weight Profile for : Based upon the breeds detected in s ancestry and the genetic markers analyzed by Wisdom Panel Professional, as well as the information provided that is Male and Neutered, we have calculated the likely weight that should reach when an adult. The Wisdom Panel Professional target weight profile is presented as a range based on the unique mix and proportion of breeds detected. The adult weight is predicted to be between lbs. Many factors can influence an adult dog s weight, including sex and neuter status. Both of these factors have been used to calculate the predicted weight profile. Another major influence on canine weight is body condition score, which is a factor of your dog s lifetime nutrition and exercise regimen. If your dog s body condition is different from the ideal body condition score, we anticipate that your dog might be under (if underweight) or over (if overweight) the weight predicted by Wisdom Panel Professional. To learn more about assessing body condition score please use the Royal Canin Body Condition Score Chart. More information on this can be found at: Tell Your Dog s Tale Join our online community of mixed-breed dog owners and share your dog s Wisdom Panel Professional story with the world. At WisdomPanelPro.com you can: Register your dog and upload photos into our Wisdom Panel photo gallery Get help to show off your dog s breed profile on your blog, Dogster page, Facebook and Myspace profiles Access your report online with our Test Status Checker. This will also allow you to access Mixed-Breed Genesis health reports provided by VetThink which are designed to assist you to take the best possible care of your dog throughout its life. Visit and use these details to create your dog s profile: Owner: K James Report Code: Each dog is unique and their physical and behavioral traits will be the result of multiple factors, including genetics, training, handling and environment. Wisdom Panel Professional s proprietary genetic analysis is intended to provide owners insight to potential predispositions to physical and behavioral traits in breeds which have been identified in your dog and is not intended to predict disease or behavior in any particular dog. Neither Mars Veterinary nor Mars, Incorporated are conducting any type of health or disease screening through Wisdom Panel Professional. Links to the testing services and descriptions are being provided for informational purposes only. Mars Veterinary and Mars, Incorporated are not associated with and do not endorse or sponsor the commercial tests being conducted by Washington State University, University of Minnesota or Optigen. In the unlikely event that it is not possible to determine breed history or that an error in the analysis occurs, liability by Mars Veterinary or related companies and individuals is disclaimed and damages in any event are limited to the payment actually received by Mars Veterinary for the individual specified analysis at issue. The Wisdom Professional product is designed and intended to be used solely to identify the genetic makeup of a mixed breed dog and no other purpose is authorized or permitted. Consult your veterinarian for information regarding your particular dog s physical and behavioral condition. Many cities and communities have breed specific ordinances and laws which may require special handling or prohibit the ownership of some dogs with a particular breed in their Wisdom Panel Professional is used to help determine the breed makeup of a dog. Validation genetic background. Check with your local authorities to determine if your dog s genetic testing has resulted in an average accuracy* of 90% in first-generation crossbred dogs of profile requires you to comply with any laws, regulations or ordinances in your area. known parentage. The breeds in this validation study represent 45% of AKC registrations. *Accuracy was determined by average Positive Predictive Value across breeds studied. Breeds detected at lowest level of certainty were not included in accuracy calculation.

7 Wisdom Panel Professional certifies that: While Wisdom Panel Professional is not designed as a pure bred test our results indicate that the recent ancestry of only includes. October 6, 2011 Statement of Authenticity This certifies the authenticity of 's canine genetic background as determined following careful analysis of more than 300 genetic markers using Wisdom Panel Professional. The purebred dog breed signature matches included in this analysis are those that were detected in the last three generations of 's ancestry using the proprietary breed detection algorithm at Mars Veterinary. Dr. Neale Fretwell Research & Development Director

8 Further Analysis PCA Analysis of s DNA sample and samples from the Wisdom Panel database: Principle Component Analysis (PCA) allows us to see how similar samples are. Closely related samples, like dogs from the same breed, will be expected to be closer together than samples from other breeds. This tends to create a cluster of points for each breed or sub-population within a breed. If a sample is within the cluster for the breed, this is a very good indication that it is likely a pure member of this breed. The PCA below shows s data compared to samples from the Wisdom Panel database. The sample falls within the cluster indicating that its genetic profile is consistent with other dogs from this breed. PC2 PC1 PCA Analysis of s DNA data including samples and an All Breeds outgroup: The PCA below shows s data compared to samples of, as well as an All Breeds outgroup comprised of a single representative sample from the other breeds in the Wisdom Panel database. This is another means of verifying that s data is more consistent with the than with any other breed and here the sample is clustering closely with the purebred cluster. PC2 All Breeds Outgroup PC1

9 Further Analysis PCA Analysis of s DNA sample, and the two next closest matching breeds in the Wisdom Panel analysis: The PCA below shows s data compared to samples, as well as samples of the next two best matched breeds from the Wisdom Panel Ancestry analysis. s DNA sample clusters tightly with the purebred cluster. This is what we would expect from a purebred. PC2 Labrador Retriever Shih Tzu PC1 Pairwise Comparison Testing: A pairwise comparison test was performed between s DNA data and that of each of nearly 10,000 dogs in the Wisdom Panel purebred dog database. In this analysis the top matching breed detected is the. Looking at individual samples, the occurred most often in the top 20 ranked sample matches in this analysis. This is what we would expect from a purebred. Homozygosity Profile: Homozygosity is a measure of how many of s genetic markers are identical because both the sire and dam passed down the same marker variant. Purebred dogs tend to have a higher homozygosity than most mixed breed dogs. Each breed within the Wisdom Panel database has a specific range of homozygosity scores. s homozygosity score falls within the range that is seen for purebred samples. Miniature Toy 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

10 Further Analysis Further Information You may wish to research more information regarding the breeds found in. The following links provide useful information into breed characteristics, training and health. The American Kennel Club (AKC) provides information on AKC registered and Foundation Stock Service breeds at The United Kennel Club (UKC) has a range of information on UKC registered breeds at The Kennel Club is the major British registry and their website contains information about the breeds they register at The free encyclopedia Wikipedia contains a range of information on most breeds, including breed histories, at The Dog Breed Info Center has information on most breeds at The US Pedigree website provides information about dog breeds and many US breeders at The Australian Pedigree website has a very detailed breed library which includes temperament and what breeds are like to live with at The Wisdom Panel website contains additional information about the breeds, as well as our Photo Gallery at Breed standards may vary between registries and can result in ambiguity of breed traits, which may be acceptable with some registries but not others. Additionally, the requirements of registration may differ between registries. Please check with the specific kennel club or registry to determine their registration requirements.

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