Cells, DNA, Cell Cycle...Practice

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1 Name: Period: Date: Cells, DNA, Cell Cycle...Practice Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Indicate your answer choice with an UPPER CASE letter in the space provided. 1. All of the terms listed below occur during interphase except A. G 1 phase. B. cytokinesis. C. chromosome replication. D. G 2 phase. E. S phase. 2. After the DNA is replicated, and it condenses in prophase, two identical rods of DNA are seen. These are A. chromatids. B. centromeres. C. spindle fibers. D. kinetochores. E. chromatin. 3. Spindle fibers A. are composed of DNA. B. only appear during interphase. C. attach to the ends of chromosomes. D. connect chromosomes to the center of the cell. E. are used to organize and move chromosomes during mitosis. 4. The process in which the cell actually divides is called A. mitosis. B. meiosis. C. cytokinesis. D. actin. E. cell plate formation. 5. Cytokinesis in plant cells differs from cytokinesis in animal cells because A. the contractile protein, actin, is important only in plant cells. B. a contractile ring forms only in plant cells. C. in plant cells, the cell plate must also divide into two parts. D. plant cells have a rigid cell wall. E. there is no difference. 6. Microtubules are A. affected by cancer-fighting chemicals such as Taxol. B. responsible for formation of the contractile ring. C. involved in cell plate formation. D. only built up to make longer and longer microtubules. E. important during interphase of the cell cycle. 7. Special cells found in the gonads that give rise to gametes upon division are called A. germ cells. B. somatic cells. C. stem cells. D. basal cells. E. egg cells. 8. Pairs of chromosomes that are similar in size and genetic composition are A. chromatids. B. diploid. C. haploid. D. chromatin. E. homologous chromosomes. 9. At the end of meiosis I, the resulting two cells are A. identical in all ways. B. genetically identical. C. genetically different. D. hexaploid. E. prepared to enter interphase so the chromosomes can be replicated. 10. If an organism's diploid chromosome number is 18, how many different possible combinations of homologous chromosomes lining up during meiosis exist for the eggs or sperm produced by that organism? A. 9 B. 18 C. 36 D. 128 E Skin cancers typically develop in the A. lower layers of the epidermis. B. upper layers of the dermis. C. upper layers of the epidermis. D. lower layers of the dermis. E. subcutaneous layer. 1

2 Name: 12. Early scientists named the material within the nucleus of a cell when it is not dividing with a term that means "colored material". What is the term? A. chromosomes B. chromatin C. karyotype D. centromere E. chromatid 13. What structure holds the sister chromatids to the spindle fibers? A. kinetochore B. centromere C. chromatin D. cyclin E. MPF 14. If you view a cell in which the genetic material is beginning to be visible as separate bodies, and the nucleoli have disappeared from view (particularly noticeable in plant cells), you may surmise that the cell is in A. telophase. B. anaphase. C. prophase D. metaphase E. interphase. 15. In what phases is the genetic material in the cell correctly referred to as chromatids? A. interphase and telophase B. metaphase and prophase C. anaphase and metaphase D. metaphase and telophase E. interphase and prophase 16. In humans, a gene that has been identified as causing a type of skin cancer is the A. mutant superman. B. sonic hedgehog. C. superhero aardvark. D. superwoman echidna. E. mutant mole rat. 17. At the end of metaphase I, separate. A. homologues B. only the autosomes C. sister chromatids D. centrioles E. tetrads 18. At the beginning of mitosis or meiosis (e.g., after condensation), the recently replicated copies of a chromosome are known as A. homologues. B. only the autosomes. C. sister chromatids. D. centrioles. E. tetrads. 19. Genes are composed of A. DNA. B. proteins. C. chromosomes. D. carbohydrates. E. lipids. 20. The structure of DNA was determined primarily by A. Mendel. B. Watson and Crick. C. Pauling. D. Hershey and Chase. E. Griffith. 21. What step in DNA replication precedes the pairing of complementary bases? A. polymerization of DNA B. separation of the two strands C. joining of the two strands D. mitotic division E. formation of the histone core 22. Which is not true of DNA replication? A. It occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle. B. It functions similarly for all organisms. C. It is semiconservative. D. Both strands are synthesized in one direction only. E. Both strands are synthesized continuously. 23. Errors in the replication of DNA occur approximately once in every base pairs. A B. 100,000 C. 1,000,000 D. 1,000,000,000 E. 1,000,000,000, The most important experimental result that suggested to Watson and Crick that DNA was in the form of a helix was A. the finding of Chargaff that DNA always had equal amounts of A and T and equal amounts of G and C. B. Griffith's results with transformation. C. the discovery that DNA is wound around histone proteins. D. X-ray data from Rosalind Franklin working with Maurice Wilkin. E. understanding DNA replication. 2

3 Name: 25. The two strands of DNA in a DNA double helix A. are identical to each other. B. are connected to each other by covalent chemical bonds. C. both contain nucleotides, but the order of the nucleotides on the two strands is not related. D. are oriented in the same direction. E. are antiparallel to each other. 26. Base pairing A. occurs between identical bases. B. requires hydrogen bonds. C. takes place between sugars and phosphates on the two strands in a helix. D. explains the X-ray results from Rosalind Franklin. E. occurs between A and C. 27. Packaged DNA is referred to as A. chromosomes. B. histones. C. chromatin. D. protein. E. nucleosomes. 28. DNA replication A. occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. B. does not require proteins. C. occurs in G 1 of interphase. D. takes place in the nucleus of the cell. E. is constantly happening in a cell. 29. DNA replication occurs A. during cell division. B. continuously. C. before cell division. D. only once in the life of the organism. E. only in gametes. 30. If DNA is likened to a ladder, what are the compounds that make up the sides of the ladder? A. phosphates and bases B. phosphates and sugars C. bases only D. phosphates only E. bases and sugars 31. The fact that the two strands composing a DNA molecule are called antiparallel has to do with the orientation of the A. sugar molecules. B. bases. C. phosphate molecules. D. hydrogen bonds. E. sulfide bonds. Matching Match the following examples. A. mitosis B. meiosis C. both 32. Occurs in somatic cells 33. Gives rise to gametes 34. Generally produces 4 daughter cells 35. Requires chromosome replication must be completed beforehand 36. Produces genetically identical daughter cells 3

4 Name: Match the following action with the correct phase. A. metaphase B. telophase C. anaphase ii D. telophase i E. prophase ii F. cytokinesis 37. Sister chromatids start to pull apart. 38. Of the phases listed, this is the first in which the cells are haploid. 39. Chromosomes align at the center of the cell. 40. A diploid number of chromosomes are present at each end of the cell. 41. The cell splits into two daughter cells. 42. G G M 45. S Match the following phases of the cell cycle with the appropriate activity. a. DNA is replicated. b. The cell divides. c. Each organelle divides in half. d. Proteins necessary for mitosis are formed. e. New proteins and cell components are made. Match the following structures with the proper description. A. separate, duplicated structures composed of DNA visible under the microscope B. genetic material that is "unwound" in between cell divisions C. a duplicated strand of DNA held to its duplicate by a centromere D. a proteinaceous band holding duplicate copies of the genetic material E. a structure that holds the sister chromatids to the spindle fibers 46. centromere 47. chromatin 48. chromosome 49. kinetochore 50. chromatid 4

5 Name: 51. G G mitosis 54. S 55. cytokinesis Match the following phases with the proper description. A. a period in which the cell manufactures cellular molecules in preparation for replication of the genetic material B. a period in which the cell prepares for division by producing, among other things, much tubulin C. the actual division of the genetic material D. the actual splitting of the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells E. replication of DNA Match the following steps in DNA replication with the correct descriptive term that either describes the step or describes why the step is necessary. A. RNA starts DNA replication. B. Replication cannot occur if DNA is present as a helix. C. Free nucleotides will form hydrogen bonds with unpaired bases. D. DNA replication must be extremely accurate. E. The new strand is formed from the newly paired bases. F. DNA polymerase can only join nucleotides to one end of a DNA strand. 56. Joining 57. Separation 58. Primer formation 59. Complementary base pairing 60. Continuous and discontinuous replication Match the following terms with their characteristics. A. building block of DNA B. joins nucleotides during DNA replication C. molecule associated with RNA D. cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine E. spool of protein associated with DNA 61. DNA polymerase 62. Nucleotide 63. Histone 64. Bases of DNA 5

6 Cells, DNA, Cell Cycle...Practice [Answer Strip] _ B 12. _ E 25. _ B 1. _ A 2. _ E 3. _ A 13. _ C 14. _ B 15. _ B 16. _ B 26. _ C 27. _ D 28. _ C 29. _ C 37. _ E 38. _ A 39. _ B 40. _ F 41. _ B 51. _ A 52. _ C 53. _ E 54. _ D 55. _ C 4. _ D 5. _ A 6. _ A 7. _ A 17. _ C 18. _ A 19. _ B 20. _ B 21. _ B 30. _ A 31. _ E 42. _ D 43. _ B 44. _ A 45. _ E 56. _ B 57. _ A 58. _ C 59. _ F 60. _ E 8. _ C 9. _ E 10. _ E 22. _ D 23. _ D 24. _ A 32. _ B 33. _ B 34. _ C 35. _ A 36. _ D 46. _ B 47. _ A 48. _ E 49. _ C 50. _ B 61. _ A 62. _ E 63. _ D 64. _ A 11.