Objective and Catalyst Students will: Explain the process and importance of DNA replication and base-pairing Model DNA replication using paper clips

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1 Objective and Catalyst Students will: Explain the process and importance of DNA replication and base-pairing Model DNA replication using paper clips In order to explain how a genetic trait is determined by the code in a DNA molecule Catalyst 1. DNA is an example of (macromolecule) 2. The building blocks of DNA are. 3. These building blocks are made of 3 parts:,, and.

2 DNA Yeah, you know what it is At least you should.

3 DNA DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid It is a nucleic acid made of nucleotides Each nucleotide is made of 3 parts Sugar Phosphate Nitrogen Base

4 DNA Nitrogen Bases 4 Bases in DNA Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine

5 DNA DNA is in the shape of a helix This is similar to a spiral staircase or twisted ladder Since DNA is 2 strands, it is considered a DOUBLE HELIX

6 DNA The nitrogen bases make up the rungs of the DNA double helix. Each base pairs-up with another base in order to connect the 2 strands of DNA The bases will ONLY pair with one other base: A-T and T-A C-G and G-C

7 DNA- Chargraff s Rule: Erwin Chargraff studied DNA and found that the amount of adenine = the amount of thymine. He also noted that the same was true for cytosine and guanine This discovery is the reason we understand the structure of DNA and the pairing of the bases! The idea that these bases always pair in the same way allows for DNA replication to be extremely accurate. WHY?

8 DNA DNA replicates during what important cellular process? What are the 3 main reasons that cells undergo this process?

9 Let s Replicate some DNA Here is the original strand of DNA: complete the other strand using your base pairs rule A T G C C C G T T A T C G A

10 DNA Now in order to replicate, the strands split apart The new strands created are called complementary strands

11 Here our original strand has split into two single strands A T G C C C G T T A T C G A T A C G G G C A A T A G C T Make the complimentary strands for the two original strands of DNA

12 Are the two newly replicated strands of DNA identical? How does the rule of base pairs make this possible?

13 Importance of DNA Replication What is the purpose of DNA? It is the instruction book for our cells! Remember PB&J?

14 What would happen if your cells had different instructions?

15 When does DNA replication happen?

16 Why is it important that DNA replication go well? What would happen if the bases did not copy properly?

17 DNA Modeling (Paper Clip) Learning Target: DNA Structure & Replication I Can Create a simulated gene segment of DNA and take the segment through the process of replication. I Will Create a simulated primary segment of a gene representing the nucleotide types within the sequence with assigned colored paperclips. Predict and create a complementary strand of DNA using the base pairing rules. Unzip and replicate the DNA gene segment explaining the steps of the process.

18 Quick Review: Each DNA molecule has a unique structure that makes it different from other DNA molecules (Remember A chromosome is condensed DNA and segments of DNA are genes.) This difference occurs because the sequence of A, T, C, and G vary from one molecule and gene segment to another.

19 What You Need to Know About DNA Replication: To replicate DNA means to produce an exact copy of itself. DNA is the only known molecule that can do this regularly RNA has been known to replicate under laboratory conditions, DNA is able to make an exact replica of itself because of the base pairing characteristics stressed earlier (A with T and C with G). When DNA makes a duplicate molecule of itself, the two strands unwind. After the two strands have pulled apart, new bases (A, T, C, & G) as well as new sugar and phosphate units come into place according to the base pairing rules. A comes in opposite of T, and C is opposite of G. When this occurs, two identical DNA molecules are created.

20 DNA Modeling Read outloud and follow the steps. Work together! Mrs. Reigel will come around to check your progress When you finish, answer the conclusion questions.

21 Exit Slip 1. What two molecules are found on the sides of the DNA ladder? 2. What makes up the rungs or steps of the ladder? -Fill in your HW section -Circle how well you understood the lesson today -Turn in: Green WWO, DNA Lab -Take home: DNA Practice (HW) and notes

22 Clean Up -Put your paper clips back in the envelope **No Exit Slip** -Fill in your HW section -Circle how well you understood the lesson today -Turn in: Green WWO, DNA Lab -Take home: DNA Practice (HW) and notes

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