CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

Transcription

1 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY An electronic card is a physical plastic card that uniquely identifies the holder and can be used for financial transactions on the internet, automated teller machine (ATM) and point-of sales (POS) terminal to authorize payment to the merchant (seller). It is a type of Card with a computer chip embedded on which financial, health, educational and security information can be stored and processed. It is also referred to as Smart Card due to its portability feature. The various types of electronic cards includes debit and credit cards, debit cards are linked to local bank accounts and offer immediate confirmation of payment while credit card are linked to a credit line and can be used for accessing local and international networks; and widely accepted in most countries where the underlying infrastructure and operational rules are often provided by globally trusted schemes (such as visa and master card) in addition to local lines. Debit cards are the dominant card mechanism in Nigeria banking industries, they are also known as ATM cards. There are five classes of card based security portable cards used in the banking services as at today; they include: reloadable cards, debit card, credit card, visa card, master card and others. The bank customer is identified by a plastic ATM card with a magnetic stripe or a plastic smartcard with a chip. Services available through an ATM card include: Withdraw cash. Transfer money between accounts. Obtain account balance. Make deposits of cash and checks

2 ATM card Systems are further classified into three major categories which include: Contact Card Based Security System: These are the types that have to be inserted into a card reader before the embedded data can be read. These cards have a contact plate on the face, which makes an electrical connector for reads and writes to and from the chip when inserted into the reader Contactless Card Based Security Systems: They have antenna coils as well as chip embedded within the card. The internal antenna allows for communication and power with a receiving antenna at the transaction point to transfer information. Close proximity is required for such transactions, which can decrease the transaction time while increasing convenience. It is very popular with the POS transactions at various business centers. Combination Card Based Security Systems: They functions as both contact and contactless smart card.. Most bank makes use of this type of cards for their numerous customers around the globe. ATM card is an example of Combination Card Based Security System while ATM machine serves as the card reader. The security of the machine reader relies mostly on the integrity of the secure crypto- processor. ATM machines runs with operating systems such as Windows 2000, XP and Linux. The ATM transactions are usually encrypted with strong encryption algorithm to provide secure services to the users. Just before now, there have been several security measures introduced to keep the ATM Security becomes tighter for the banking transactions. With all the security measures introduced in the ATM systems, the advancement in modern fraud and scam cases have over shadowed the efforts; thereby, yielding little or no result. Security measures at banks can play a critical contributory role in preventing attacks on customers. These measures are of paramount importance when considering vulnerabilities and causation in civil litigation; and banks must meet

3 certain standards in order to ensure a safe and secure banking environment for their customers. Basically, the ATM Security System is bypassed; the scam involves thieves putting a thin, clear rigid plastic sleeve into the ATM card slot. When one inserts his/her card to withdraw money from the ATM machine, the machine can't read the strip, so it keeps asking one to re-enter PIN number. Meanwhile, someone behind watches as one type in his/her number again and again. Eventually one gives up, thinking the machine has swallowed his/her card and walks away. The thieves then remove the plastic sleeve complete with card, and empty the owner s account. The main fact that many of the customers have never used an ATM before and are completely unfamiliar with that concept; therefore they are very unlikely to memorize and remember a PIN. Furthermore, there is a sense of mistrust with PINs security features in the present ATM Systems. People may feel that it is unsafe because if they lose their cards they worry that someone will find and somehow be able to determine their PIN and steal their money from the ATMs, but with the addition of second tier security level of fingerprint biometric being proposed to improve on the present ATM Security System, it will be impossible to steal money from the stolen ATM cards. Notwithstanding, we lived in a world where people no longer want to encounter long queues for any reason, they do not want to wait for too long time before they are attended to and this has led to the increasing services being rendered by banks to further improve the convenience of banking through the means of electronic banking. Banking has come a long way from the time of ledger cards and other manual filing systems to using Card Based Security System like ATM for banking services. If customers insert valid ATM PIN then access is granted to another security approved process which is biometric fingerprint. Using valid PIN and biometric fingerprint, customers can access card based transaction process

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