Chapter 4: Muscular System Clinical Kinesiology for Physical Therapist Assistants, 3 rd ed.

Transcription

1 Chapter 4: Muscular System Clinical Kinesiology for Physical Therapist Assistants, 3 rd ed. Name For each question, choose the BEST answer. 1. When discussing muscular attachments, what term refers to the most movable one? A. Reversal of muscle action B. Insertion C. Proximal site D. Origin 2. What term describes the motion of the origin moving toward the insertion? A. Reversal of muscle action B. Concentric contraction C. Agonistic movement D. Cocontraction 3. What type of muscle is long and thin with fibers running its entire length? A. Oblique muscle fibers B. Fusiform muscles C. Parallel muscle fibers D. Strap muscles 4. Which is not a parallel muscle fiber arrangement? A. Triangular B. Unipennate C. Rhomboidal D. Fusiform 5. What type of motion most commonly occurs within the body? A. Rectilinear B. Linear C. Angular D. Curvilinear

2 6. Which muscle fiber arrangement tends to be longer, thus having a greater range of motion potential? A. Parallel muscle B. Oblique muscle fibers C. Saw-toothed shape D. Rhomboidal muscles 7. What type of muscle is four-sided, usually flat, with broad attachments at each end? A. Strap B. Fusiform C. Rhomboidal D. Triangular 8. What type of muscle is the deltoid? A. Bipennate B. Unipennate C. Triangular D. Multipennate 9. The functional characteristic of irritability in muscle tissue is the muscle s ability to contract when stimulated electrically. What is this defined as? A. Contractility B. Irritability C. Elasticity D. Extensibility 10. What characteristic of muscle refers to the ability to lengthen? A. Contractility B. Irritability C. Elasticity D. Extensibility 11. The of a muscle is the distance from maximum elongation to maximum shortening? A. Tension B. Length C. Excursion D. Stretch

3 12. What is the term for when a muscle reaches a point at which it cannot shorten any farther? A. Excursion B. Active insufficiency C. Passive insufficiency D. Stretch 13. What is the term to describe the passive flexion of the fingers that occurs from active extension of the wrist? A. Stretching B. Passive insufficiency C. Active insufficiency D. Tenodesis 14. What type of muscle contraction occurs when force is produced without changing the length of the muscle? A. Isokinetic C. Isometric 15. When performing seated knee extensions with a weight above the ankle, what type of contraction is performed? A. Isokinetic C. Isometric 16. What type of contraction is NOT the same as an isometric contraction? A. Static C. Phasic D. None of the above 17. What type of contraction occurs when the origin moves away from the insertion? A. Isometric B. Concentric C. Isotonic

4 18. What type of contraction is produced when speed remains constant but resistance varies? A. Concentric C. Eccentric D. Isokinetic 19. What is the term for the muscle(s) that cause the movement? A. Antagonist B. Concontraction C. Agonist D. Assisting mover E. Neutralizer 20. What term is used to describe when a muscle(s) supports a part and allows the agonist to work more efficiently? A. Concontraction B. Synergist C. Neutralizer D. Stabilizer 21. What is term used when the agonist and antagonist are contractng together? A. Synergist B. Stabilizer C. Neutralizer D. Cocontraction 22. What type of exercise is a squat? A. Open kinetic chain B. Closed kinetic chain C. Angle of pull determinant D. Concentric 23. Tension is force built up within the muscle, which must occur for a muscle to shorten or lengthen. 24. A muscle can shorten to approximately 50% of its normal resting length.

5 25. When a muscle contracts, it knows no direction; it simply shortens. 26. A muscle is strongest if put in anatomical position befoe contracting. 27. In a two-joint muscle, the excursion of the muscle is equal to the range allowed by the joints it crosses. C. False 28. Active insufficiency occurs when a muscle cannot be elongated any farther without damage to the fibers. 29. Generally, an agonist becomes actively insufficient before the antagonist becomes passively insufficient. 30. Eccentric contractions are referred to as lengthening contractions.