IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES AS A MANIFESTATION OF CLOUDY IMF STRUCTURE

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1 IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES AS A MANIFESTATION OF CLOUDY IMF STRUCTURE L.D. Filippov 1, A.E. Stepanov 1,2, I.Ya. Plotnikov 1 1 Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy, Yakutsk, , Russia, a_e_stepanov@ikfia.sbras.ru; 2 Technological Institute of North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia, Introduction Abstract. Variations of the fof2 critical frequency and the height of the ionospheric F2 layer with events result of coronal mass ejections in the near-earth space are compared. Dayside measurements (06-18 LT) of DPS-4 digisonde at the Yakutsk ionospheric station were analyzed. We discuss the statistical relationship between the characteristics of the regular course of the semidiurnal fof2 with the parameters of the magnetic cloud associated with a coronal mass ejection. There were considered short-period components of the semi-diurnal course of fof2 and their dependence on the possible dynamics of the geometric parameters of the magnetosphere under the influence of magnetic clouds on it. Effect of travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) on ionospheric parameters, in particular, variations in the spectral characteristics fof2 was shown in [Gershman and Grigoriev, 1978]. The authors identified a large-scale TIDs (characteristic size of >1000 km, the velocity of m/s, the period > 1 hour) and medium (characteristic size of km, the velocity of m/s, the period of min). Experimental measurements provide exactly this wavelength range [Solodovnikov et al., 1979; Fedorenko et al., 2011; Paznukhov et al., 2012; Stepanov and Filippov, 2013]. Experimental results It is interesting to consider the frequency spectra of the observed temporal variation in the diurnal and semidiurnal courses of the critical frequency (fof2) in Yakutsk and Zhigansk using DPS-4 ionospheric data (Fig.1). Fig.1.Variations of daily courses of the critical frequency in Yakutsk and Zhigansk. 287

2 Increasing and decreasing of the fof2 accompanied by positive and negativedoppler frequency shift. The general increase in fof2 in the forenoon - with positive Doppler shift and afternoon - with negative Doppler shift can be explained with influence of magnetospheric dawn-dusk electric field. Small-scale positive and negative variations of fof2 are causes by effect of TIDs. Spectral components that form the diurnal course of the fof2 in Yakutsk and Zhigansk are identical. Differences in the spectra begin with periods less than 300 minutes, i.e. in the spectral range of TIDs. TIDs range in Yakutsk spectrum is shifted to long-period part of the spectrum concerning a range in Zhigansk (Fig.2). Fig.2.The spectra of the critical frequencies in Yakutsk and Zhigansk. Consideration of variations fof2 spectra depending on the Kp-index sum during TIDs observation shows that with Kp-index increasing the spectra are shifting to the more long-period part of spectra (Fig.3). Fig.3. Expanding the spectra to the longer periods. Problem definition, model calculations and discussion It is known that TIDs moves to the south [Gershman and Grigoriev, 1978, Maltsev, 1995] that is a basis to look for TIDs sources on polar edge of a plasmasphere as there are zones with strong field-aligned currents, the shift currents which capable to excite TIDs. Flutter mode or interchanging instability can be one of TIDs mechanisms [Maltsev, 1995]. It occurs when the motion of the magnetic flux tube with a polarized ionization, in condition of non-compatible isolines of the plasma volume V and pressure P inside the tube (Fig.4a [Maltsev, 1995]). Such instabilities form a dynamic outer shell around the radiation belts (Fig.4b). 288

3 Fig.4. Polarization of a hot plasma cloud in a non-uniform magnetic field (a) and radiation belt with an interchange instability(b). The purpose of this work - model calculations of the mechanism of formation of TIDs at ionospheric heights as a result of influence of interchange instability.the problem of processing of a signal is solves. For this purpose the day semidiurnal temporary of fof2 and h F2 courses are presented by superposition's of smoothed trends and short-period harmonicas. The decision is reduces to allocation of the correlated fluctuations of critical frequency and height of F2 layer which correlate with each other and fast magnetospheric fluctuations. Dependence the frequency spectra of the fof2 variations from Kp-index (Fig.3) provides a basis to analyze the dispersion relation of the interchanging instability by where ω 2 = ± k g e, g e = 2 c 2 S R / γ R 2 is the equivalent of gravity acceleration is inversely proportional to scale of irregularity of a magnetospheric field R. Taking into account the effect of magnetopause currents(dcf currents), further in calculations is accepted R ~ 1/Rbow to distance to a front point of a near-earth shock bow. Respectively, period T = 2 /ω ~ 1/ Rbow, and Rbow changes it is controlled according to 5-min data from the OMNI database ( The selected short-period harmonica is described by model of an analytical signal with the period of T(t)/b and three free parameters S(t) =S 0 (t) + a sin[2 b t/t(t) +c], where S 0 (t) smoothed trend, а amplitude of the oscillations, b multiplicity coefficient of period, с phase of the oscillation. Fig.5 presents a test which shows the manifestation in the oscillations depending on the control signal Rbow(t) at b = 1. It is possible to see that the variant A better than B for modeling of the temporary courses of ionospheric parameters.therefore, we consider justified the accounting of the experimental size Rbow in all the range of its values. 289

4 Fig.5.Test calculations of a model signal with the variable and constant period. At the first stage in Fig.6 and Fig.7 the periods of the allocated fluctuations of the temporary semidiurnal courses at ionospheric stations of Yakutsk and Zhigansk are compared under various conditions in near- Earth space. Regular long-period changes are removed from the time interval of courses by subtraction of values of optimal S 0 (t) of a polynomial of degree three. On a difference of an irregular short-period component and values of a model signal by means of method of least squares are calculated the optimal free parameters. Model fluctuations, settlement in these parameters, have in Fourier's range on the periods one allocated line. At this stage the corresponding periods give the solution of a signal processing. Fig.6. A ratio of the periods of the allocated fluctuations at various ionospheric stations during interaction of interplanetary magnetic clouds with Earth magnetosphere. 290

5 Fig.7. The same as in Fig.6 - during interaction of the Earth magnetosphere with high-speed streams of the solar wind without magnetic clouds. It s seen from Fig.6 and Fig.7 that related with magnetospheric nonstabilities the fo and h parameter s fluctuations have the periods near 60 min at both stations and as a first approximation don't depend on types of disturbances in a solar wind. Despite casual dispersion of points concerning the line of the equal periods, in general, results in figures correspond to the correlated fluctuations in both parameters of an ionosphere. Calculation of periods were made for 20 semi-diurnal courses for Yakutsk and 17 for Zhigansk which were associated with the events of occurrences near-earth interplanetary of magnetic clouds (MO). As an example, in Fig.8 were selected intervals 1 and 2, where the parameter characterizing the MOβ <1 (β is the ratio of the gas and magnetic pressure). For comparison the calculation of periods of ionospheric data of 21 alternative events for Yakutsk and 18 for Zhigansk that occur in similar conditions, but on time are not associated with the appearance of MO in near-earth space. In Fig.8 selected interval 3 where the parameter β>1. Fig.8. Variations of component B, B x, B y and B z of the magnetic field, density N p and the velocity V of the plasma, and parameter β in the near-earth space according to the OMNI database. 291

6 Summary 1. In magnetosphere-ionosphere interaction the type of fluctuations with the ~1-hour period is steadily formed whatever type of disturbances. 2. It is confirmed that the large-scale TIDs at ionospheric heights are formed by interchanging instability at the edge of plasmapause. The work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant N ). References Gershman, B.N., and G.I. Grigoriev(1978), Traveling ionospheric disturbances and their relationship with internal gravity waves. Ionospheric Res., 25, Fedorenko,Yu.P.,V.N. Fedorenko, and V.N. Lysenko (2011), Experimental parameters of the model of midlatitude traveling ionospheric disturbances. Geomagn. and Aeron., 1, Maltsev,Yu.P. (1995), Lectures on the magnetosphere-ionosphere physics, 124 pp., Apatity, KSC RAS. Paznukhov, V.V., V.G.Galushko, and B.W. Reinisch (2012), Digisonde observations of TIDs with frequency and angular sounding technique, Adv. Space Res. 49, Solodovnikov, G.K., A.S. Bakai, and V.M. Russkin (1979), Statistics of irregular structures in the ionosphere, in: High-latitude manifestations of magnetospheric processes, Nauka, Leningrad, Stepanov, A.E., and L.D. Filippov (2013), Spectral characteristics of the TIDs by ionospheric data, in: Proc. Conf. Physics of the Sun and near-earth space (Irkutsk, Russia, September 2013), ed. by V.M. Grigoriev, ISZF SO RAN, Irkutsk,

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