Beloit College BIOL Emerging Infectious Diseases

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Beloit College BIOL Emerging Infectious Diseases"

Transcription

1 Virus classification and life cycle activity For reference Transcription: Krasner p 131 Translation: Krasner p Genetic code: Krasner p 135 A virus is an obligate intracellular parasite, meaning that it absolutely must be inside a cell in order for it to replicate. Without a host cell, the virus cannot make more copies of itself, as it does not have the proteins and enzymes that do the work of copying the genetic material and proteins that make up a virus. All viruses have a minimum structural requirement of a nucleic acid (genetic material) surrounded by a protein coat, called a capsid. Some viruses have an additional lipid layer surrounding the protein coat, called an envelope. The proteins on the outside of the virus bind to the target host cell and allow the virus to enter the cell. Once it has entered the cell, the virus hijacks the host cell s nucleic acid replication and protein synthesis machinery. The host cell turns into a virus-making factory. DNA and RNA are the two types of nucleic acids (genetic information storage molecules). The central dogma states that the genetic information stored in DNA is transcribed into RNA, and the information stored in RNA is translated into an amino acid code to make proteins (DNA -> RNA -> Protein). Unlike prokaryotes and eukaryotes that store their genetic information as DNA (which is then transcribed into RNA and translated into proteins), viruses can carry their genetic information as DNA or RNA. The major differences between DNA and RNA viruses are in how the host cell processes the genetic information. Though there are minor variations based on a virus s biology, most viruses will undergo similar replication processes in the host cell. To complete its life cycle (i.e. to make more copies of itself), a virus must first bind to the cell surface and gain entry. Once inside, the protein coat is removed in a step called uncoating. This releases the nucleic acids that can then be copied and used to make more protein coats using the host cell s DNA and RNA replication and protein synthesis machinery. The new copies of the nucleic acid and the new protein coats are assembled into new viral particles inside the host cell. In the final step of a viral life cycle, the mature virus is released from the host cell, to go on to infect new hosts. You will be given a virus to analyze. You will uncoat your virus and determine which type of virus it is according to the type of nucleic acid present in the capsid. Then, you will construct a flowchart or diagram of how the host cell will process the nucleic acid to make the protein for the capsid and how the host cell will replicate the nucleic acid. The host cell must process the viral genetic information for two purposes related to viral replication: to produce proteins based on the genetic information from the virus, and to replicate the nucleic acid sequence. Because the virus can only use the host cell machinery to make copies of itself, viral nucleic acid replication and viral protein synthesis must abide by the same set of rules as the host cell. 1) To make viral proteins, the viral nucleic acid must be in a form that the host cell can recognize. According to the central dogma, the cell can only translate RNA sequences into protein. 1 of 4

2 2) The cell reads RNA sequences in sets of 3 nucleotides, called codons. The host cell will only start translation when a start codon (the sequence AUG) is present. The viral nucleic acid must use the same codons for the same amino acids as the host cell. 3) Nucleic acid replication requires a template strand. The strand is read by an enzyme in the cell that will match A to T (or A to U) and G to C. The template strand (A) therefore sets the sequence of the new strand, but the new strand does not have the same sequence as the template strand (A). At the same time, the new strand can be used as another template strand (B) to recreate the original template strand (A) sequence. 4) The final viruses are made of proteins that are coded within the viral nucleic acid sequence and new copies of the viral nucleic acids that are in the same form (DNA or RNA, single-stranded or double-stranded) as the original virus. The following viruses are represented in this activity: virus Hepatitis C Measles Parvovirus B19 Rotavirus nucleic acid positive-strand ssrna negative-strand ssrna ssdna dsrna Variola The Genetic Code dsdna 2 of 4

3 Viral Classification Activity - To be turned in by the end of class today 1. Write your virus number here: 2. Does your virus have an envelope? 3. Is this a single-stranded or double-stranded virus? 4. Is this a DNA or RNA virus? DNA sequences are made up of Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine. RNA sequences are made up of Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil. 5. From your nucleic acid sequence and the genetic code table above, identify the RNA coding sequence (i.e. the RNA sequence that will be translated to protein) for the first 5 amino acids of your capsid protein. Write this positive-sense sequence below: 6. If you have an RNA virus, is it positive-sense (the same sequence used for translation to protein) or negative sense (the complimentary sequence)? 7. Based on the nucleic acid present in your virus, which of the 5 viruses did you get? 8. Below, draw a diagram that shows how the sequence of your virus is used to express viral proteins. Remember that proteins can only be synthesized in the host cell using an RNA template, so be sure to explain how your nucleic acid is turned into the correct RNA sequence if necessary. 3 of 4

4 9. Draw a diagram that shows how the viral nucleic acid is used to produce new copies of the viral nucleic acid to be packaged into new virions. Be sure that your final sequence and nucleic acid structure are exactly the same as what you found in your original viral particle. Remember that you can only synthesize new nucleic acid sequences with a template 10. After identifying your virus based on the type of nucleic acid it carries, complete the virus life cycle chart for your virus. On the back of your chart, gather the life cycle information for another virus from another group. Turn this chart in at the beginning of the next class. 4 of 4

5 Variola Virus dsdna ATG CTA CGA GTA CGG ACA CTG CTT ATA CTT TGC ACC TTT GTA GTG ATT TGA TAC GAT GCT CAT GCC TGT GAC GAA TAT GAA ACG TGG CCC CAT CAC TAA ACT M L R V R T L L I L C T F V V I stop Parvovirus B19 ssdna ATG CCG CCG GTC GCC GCC GGT AGG CGG GAC TTC CGG TAC AAG ATG GCG GAC TGA M P P V A A G R R D T R Y K M S D stop Rotavirus dsrna AUG GCG AGU CUG AUA UAC CGG CAG CUA UUA ACA AAC UCG UAC ACU GUG GAU UGA UAC CGC UCA GAC UAU UAG GCC GUC GAU AAU UGU UUG AGC AUG UGA CAC GUA ACU M A S L I Y R Q L L T N S Y T V D stop Hepatitis C virus (+)ssrna AUG AGU ACA AAC CCU AAG CCU CAG CGU AAA ACU AAA CGG AAU ACU AAU CGU UGA M S T N P K P Q R K T K R N T N R stop Measles Virus (-)ssrna AUG AGU CCU CAG AGG GAU AGA AUC AAU GCU UUC UAU AAA GAC AAU CCU CAU UGA UAC UCA GGA GUC UCC CUA UCU UAG UUA CGA AAG AUA UUU CUG UUA GGA GUA ACU M S P Q R D R I N A F Y K D N P H stop

6 Virus 9 ATG CTA CGA GTA CGG ACA CTG CTT ATA CTT TGC ACC TTT GTA GTG ATT TGA TAC GAT GCT CAT GCC TGT GAC GAA TAT GAA ACG TGG CCC CAT CAC TAA ACT M L R V R T L L I L C T F V V I stop Virus 28 ATG CTA CGA GTA CGG ACA CTG CTT ATA CTT TGC ACC TTT GTA GTG ATT TGA TAC GAT GCT CAT GCC TGT GAC GAA TAT GAA ACG TGG CCC CAT CAC TAA ACT M L R V R T L L I L C T F V V I stop Virus 49 ATG CTA CGA GTA CGG ACA CTG CTT ATA CTT TGC ACC TTT GTA GTG ATT TGA TAC GAT GCT CAT GCC TGT GAC GAA TAT GAA ACG TGG CCC CAT CAC TAA ACT M L R V R T L L I L C T F V V I stop Virus 87 ATG CTA CGA GTA CGG ACA CTG CTT ATA CTT TGC ACC TTT GTA GTG ATT TGA TAC GAT GCT CAT GCC TGT GAC GAA TAT GAA ACG TGG CCC CAT CAC TAA ACT M L R V R T L L I L C T F V V I stop Virus 96 ATG CTA CGA GTA CGG ACA CTG CTT ATA CTT TGC ACC TTT GTA GTG ATT TGA TAC GAT GCT CAT GCC TGT GAC GAA TAT GAA ACG TGG CCC CAT CAC TAA ACT M L R V R T L L I L C T F V V I stop

7 Virus 44 ATG CCG CCG GTC GCC GCC GGT AGG CGG GAC TTC CGG TAC AAG ATG GCG GAC TGA M P P V A A G R R D T R Y K M S D stop Virus 51 ATG CCG CCG GTC GCC GCC GGT AGG CGG GAC TTC CGG TAC AAG ATG GCG GAC TGA M P P V A A G R R D T R Y K M S D stop Virus 55 ATG CCG CCG GTC GCC GCC GGT AGG CGG GAC TTC CGG TAC AAG ATG GCG GAC TGA M P P V A A G R R D T R Y K M S D stop Virus 64 ATG CCG CCG GTC GCC GCC GGT AGG CGG GAC TTC CGG TAC AAG ATG GCG GAC TGA M P P V A A G R R D T R Y K M S D stop Virus 91 ATG CCG CCG GTC GCC GCC GGT AGG CGG GAC TTC CGG TAC AAG ATG GCG GAC TGA M P P V A A G R R D T R Y K M S D stop

8 Virus 1 AUG GCG AGU CUG AUA UAC CGG CAG CUA UUA ACA AAC UCG UAC ACU GUG GAU UGA UAC CGC UCA GAC UAU UAG GCC GUC GAU AAU UGU UUG AGC AUG UGA CAC GUA ACU M A S L I Y R Q L L T N S Y T V D stop Virus 5 AUG GCG AGU CUG AUA UAC CGG CAG CUA UUA ACA AAC UCG UAC ACU GUG GAU UGA UAC CGC UCA GAC UAU UAG GCC GUC GAU AAU UGU UUG AGC AUG UGA CAC GUA ACU M A S L I Y R Q L L T N S Y T V D stop Virus 24 AUG GCG AGU CUG AUA UAC CGG CAG CUA UUA ACA AAC UCG UAC ACU GUG GAU UGA UAC CGC UCA GAC UAU UAG GCC GUC GAU AAU UGU UUG AGC AUG UGA CAC GUA ACU M A S L I Y R Q L L T N S Y T V D stop Virus 38 AUG GCG AGU CUG AUA UAC CGG CAG CUA UUA ACA AAC UCG UAC ACU GUG GAU UGA UAC CGC UCA GAC UAU UAG GCC GUC GAU AAU UGU UUG AGC AUG UGA CAC GUA ACU M A S L I Y R Q L L T N S Y T V D stop Virus 66 AUG GCG AGU CUG AUA UAC CGG CAG CUA UUA ACA AAC UCG UAC ACU GUG GAU UGA UAC CGC UCA GAC UAU UAG GCC GUC GAU AAU UGU UUG AGC AUG UGA CAC GUA ACU M A S L I Y R Q L L T N S Y T V D stop

9 Virus 21 AUG AGU ACA AAC CCU AAG CCU CAG CGU AAA ACU AAA CGG AAU ACU AAU CGU UGA M S T N P K P Q R K T K R N T N R stop Virus 22 AUG AGU ACA AAC CCU AAG CCU CAG CGU AAA ACU AAA CGG AAU ACU AAU CGU UGA M S T N P K P Q R K T K R N T N R stop Virus 32 AUG AGU ACA AAC CCU AAG CCU CAG CGU AAA ACU AAA CGG AAU ACU AAU CGU UGA M S T N P K P Q R K T K R N T N R stop Virus 57 AUG AGU ACA AAC CCU AAG CCU CAG CGU AAA ACU AAA CGG AAU ACU AAU CGU UGA M S T N P K P Q R K T K R N T N R stop Virus 77 AUG AGU ACA AAC CCU AAG CCU CAG CGU AAA ACU AAA CGG AAU ACU AAU CGU UGA M S T N P K P Q R K T K R N T N R stop

10 Virus 17 UAC UCA GGA GUC UCC CUA UCU UAG UUA CGA AAG AUA UUU CUG UUA GGA GUA ACU Virus 19 M S P Q R D R I N A F Y K D N P H stop UAC UCA GGA GUC UCC CUA UCU UAG UUA CGA AAG AUA UUU CUG UUA GGA GUA ACU Virus 75 M S P Q R D R I N A F Y K D N P H stop UAC UCA GGA GUC UCC CUA UCU UAG UUA CGA AAG AUA UUU CUG UUA GGA GUA ACU Virus 81 M S P Q R D R I N A F Y K D N P H stop UAC UCA GGA GUC UCC CUA UCU UAG UUA CGA AAG AUA UUU CUG UUA GGA GUA ACU Virus 84 M S P Q R D R I N A F Y K D N P H stop UAC UCA GGA GUC UCC CUA UCU UAG UUA CGA AAG AUA UUU CUG UUA GGA GUA ACU M S P Q R D R I N A F Y K D N P H stop

11 Particle # Virus Type Particle # Virus Type 1 1 rotavirus 21 hepatitis C 2 5 rotavirus 22 hepatitis C 3 9 variola 32 hepatitis C 4 17 measles 57 hepatitis C 5 19 measles 77 hepatitis C 6 21 hepatitis C 17 measles 7 22 hepatitis C 19 measles 8 24 rotavirus 75 measles 9 28 variola 81 measles hepatitis C 84 measles rotavirus 44 parvovirus parvovirus 51 parvovirus variola 55 parvovirus parvovirus 64 parvovirus parvovirus 91 parvovirus hepatitis C 1 rotavirus parvovirus 5 rotavirus rotavirus 24 rotavirus measles 38 rotavirus hepatitis C 66 rotavirus measles 9 variola measles 28 variola variola 49 variola parvovirus 87 variola variola 96 variola

(http://genomes.urv.es/caical) TUTORIAL. (July 2006)

(http://genomes.urv.es/caical) TUTORIAL. (July 2006) (http://genomes.urv.es/caical) TUTORIAL (July 2006) CAIcal manual 2 Table of contents Introduction... 3 Required inputs... 5 SECTION A Calculation of parameters... 8 SECTION B CAI calculation for FASTA

More information

Gene Finding CMSC 423

Gene Finding CMSC 423 Gene Finding CMSC 423 Finding Signals in DNA We just have a long string of A, C, G, Ts. How can we find the signals encoded in it? Suppose you encountered a language you didn t know. How would you decipher

More information

Hands on Simulation of Mutation

Hands on Simulation of Mutation Hands on Simulation of Mutation Charlotte K. Omoto P.O. Box 644236 Washington State University Pullman, WA 99164-4236 omoto@wsu.edu ABSTRACT This exercise is a hands-on simulation of mutations and their

More information

Mutation. Mutation provides raw material to evolution. Different kinds of mutations have different effects

Mutation. Mutation provides raw material to evolution. Different kinds of mutations have different effects Mutation Mutation provides raw material to evolution Different kinds of mutations have different effects Mutational Processes Point mutation single nucleotide changes coding changes (missense mutations)

More information

Coding sequence the sequence of nucleotide bases on the DNA that are transcribed into RNA which are in turn translated into protein

Coding sequence the sequence of nucleotide bases on the DNA that are transcribed into RNA which are in turn translated into protein Assignment 3 Michele Owens Vocabulary Gene: A sequence of DNA that instructs a cell to produce a particular protein Promoter a control sequence near the start of a gene Coding sequence the sequence of

More information

Molecular Facts and Figures

Molecular Facts and Figures Nucleic Acids Molecular Facts and Figures DNA/RNA bases: DNA and RNA are composed of four bases each. In DNA the four are Adenine (A), Thymidine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G). In RNA the four are

More information

Protein Synthesis Simulation

Protein Synthesis Simulation Protein Synthesis Simulation Name(s) Date Period Benchmark: SC.912.L.16.5 as AA: Explain the basic processes of transcription and translation, and how they result in the expression of genes. (Assessed

More information

http://www.life.umd.edu/grad/mlfsc/ DNA Bracelets

http://www.life.umd.edu/grad/mlfsc/ DNA Bracelets http://www.life.umd.edu/grad/mlfsc/ DNA Bracelets by Louise Brown Jasko John Anthony Campbell Jack Dennis Cassidy Michael Nickelsburg Stephen Prentis Rohm Objectives: 1) Using plastic beads, construct

More information

a. Ribosomal RNA rrna a type ofrna that combines with proteins to form Ribosomes on which polypeptide chains of proteins are assembled

a. Ribosomal RNA rrna a type ofrna that combines with proteins to form Ribosomes on which polypeptide chains of proteins are assembled Biology 101 Chapter 14 Name: Fill-in-the-Blanks Which base follows the next in a strand of DNA is referred to. as the base (1) Sequence. The region of DNA that calls for the assembly of specific amino

More information

GENEWIZ, Inc. DNA Sequencing Service Details for USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center DNA Core

GENEWIZ, Inc. DNA Sequencing Service Details for USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center DNA Core DNA Sequencing Services Pre-Mixed o Provide template and primer, mixed into the same tube* Pre-Defined o Provide template and primer in separate tubes* Custom o Full-service for samples with unknown concentration

More information

Hiding Data in DNA. 1 Introduction

Hiding Data in DNA. 1 Introduction Hiding Data in DNA Boris Shimanovsky *, Jessica Feng +, and Miodrag Potkonjak + * XAP Corporation + Dept. Computer Science, Univ. of California, Los Angeles Abstract. Just like disk or RAM, DNA and RNA

More information

Table S1. Related to Figure 4

Table S1. Related to Figure 4 Table S1. Related to Figure 4 Final Diagnosis Age PMD Control Control 61 15 Control 67 6 Control 68 10 Control 49 15 AR-PD PD 62 15 PD 65 4 PD 52 18 PD 68 10 AR-PD cingulate cortex used for immunoblot

More information

Biological One-way Functions

Biological One-way Functions Biological One-way Functions Qinghai Gao, Xiaowen Zhang 2, Michael Anshel 3 gaoj@farmingdale.edu zhangx@mail.csi.cuny.edu csmma@cs.ccny.cuny.edu Dept. Security System, Farmingdale State College / SUNY,

More information

Mutations and Genetic Variability. 1. What is occurring in the diagram below?

Mutations and Genetic Variability. 1. What is occurring in the diagram below? Mutations and Genetic Variability 1. What is occurring in the diagram below? A. Sister chromatids are separating. B. Alleles are independently assorting. C. Genes are replicating. D. Segments of DNA are

More information

Provincial Exam Questions. 9. Give one role of each of the following nucleic acids in the production of an enzyme.

Provincial Exam Questions. 9. Give one role of each of the following nucleic acids in the production of an enzyme. Provincial Exam Questions Unit: Cell Biology: Protein Synthesis (B7 & B8) 2010 Jan 3. Describe the process of translation. (4 marks) 2009 Sample 8. What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis? A.

More information

13.2 Ribosomes & Protein Synthesis

13.2 Ribosomes & Protein Synthesis 13.2 Ribosomes & Protein Synthesis Introduction: *A specific sequence of bases in DNA carries the directions for forming a polypeptide, a chain of amino acids (there are 20 different types of amino acid).

More information

(A) Microarray analysis was performed on ATM and MDM isolated from 4 obese donors.

(A) Microarray analysis was performed on ATM and MDM isolated from 4 obese donors. Legends of supplemental figures and tables Figure 1: Overview of study design and results. (A) Microarray analysis was performed on ATM and MDM isolated from 4 obese donors. After raw data gene expression

More information

UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Det matematisk-naturvitenskapelige fakultet

UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Det matematisk-naturvitenskapelige fakultet 1 UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Det matematisk-naturvitenskapelige fakultet Exam in: MBV4010 Arbeidsmetoder i molekylærbiologi og biokjemi I MBV4010 Methods in molecular biology and biochemistry I Day of exam:.

More information

DNA Sample preparation and Submission Guidelines

DNA Sample preparation and Submission Guidelines DNA Sample preparation and Submission Guidelines Requirements: Please submit samples in 1.5ml microcentrifuge tubes. Fill all the required information in the Eurofins DNA sequencing order form and send

More information

10 µg lyophilized plasmid DNA (store lyophilized plasmid at 20 C)

10 µg lyophilized plasmid DNA (store lyophilized plasmid at 20 C) TECHNICAL DATA SHEET BIOLUMINESCENCE RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER RENILLA LUCIFERASE FUSION PROTEIN EXPRESSION VECTOR Product: prluc-c Vectors Catalog number: Description: Amount: The prluc-c vectors contain

More information

Gene and Chromosome Mutation Worksheet (reference pgs. 239-240 in Modern Biology textbook)

Gene and Chromosome Mutation Worksheet (reference pgs. 239-240 in Modern Biology textbook) Name Date Per Look at the diagrams, then answer the questions. Gene Mutations affect a single gene by changing its base sequence, resulting in an incorrect, or nonfunctional, protein being made. (a) A

More information

PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS

PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS DNA & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS B 1. One of the functions of DNA is to A. secrete vacuoles. B. make copies of itself. C. join amino acids to each other.

More information

Name Class Date. Figure 13 1. 2. Which nucleotide in Figure 13 1 indicates the nucleic acid above is RNA? a. uracil c. cytosine b. guanine d.

Name Class Date. Figure 13 1. 2. Which nucleotide in Figure 13 1 indicates the nucleic acid above is RNA? a. uracil c. cytosine b. guanine d. 13 Multiple Choice RNA and Protein Synthesis Chapter Test A Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. 1. Which of the following are found in both

More information

The p53 MUTATION HANDBOOK

The p53 MUTATION HANDBOOK The p MUTATION HANDBOOK Version 1. /7 Thierry Soussi Christophe Béroud, Dalil Hamroun Jean Michel Rubio Nevado http://p/free.fr The p Mutation HandBook By T Soussi, J.M. Rubio-Nevado, D. Hamroun and C.

More information

Introduction to Perl Programming Input/Output, Regular Expressions, String Manipulation. Beginning Perl, Chap 4 6. Example 1

Introduction to Perl Programming Input/Output, Regular Expressions, String Manipulation. Beginning Perl, Chap 4 6. Example 1 Introduction to Perl Programming Input/Output, Regular Expressions, String Manipulation Beginning Perl, Chap 4 6 Example 1 #!/usr/bin/perl -w use strict; # version 1: my @nt = ('A', 'C', 'G', 'T'); for

More information

Part ONE. a. Assuming each of the four bases occurs with equal probability, how many bits of information does a nucleotide contain?

Part ONE. a. Assuming each of the four bases occurs with equal probability, how many bits of information does a nucleotide contain? Networked Systems, COMPGZ01, 2012 Answer TWO questions from Part ONE on the answer booklet containing lined writing paper, and answer ALL questions in Part TWO on the multiple-choice question answer sheet.

More information

UNIT (12) MOLECULES OF LIFE: NUCLEIC ACIDS

UNIT (12) MOLECULES OF LIFE: NUCLEIC ACIDS UIT (12) MLECULE F LIFE: UCLEIC ACID ucleic acids are extremely large molecules that were first isolated from the nuclei of cells. Two kinds of nucleic acids are found in cells: RA (ribonucleic acid) is

More information

2006 7.012 Problem Set 3 KEY

2006 7.012 Problem Set 3 KEY 2006 7.012 Problem Set 3 KEY Due before 5 PM on FRIDAY, October 13, 2006. Turn answers in to the box outside of 68-120. PLEASE WRITE YOUR ANSWERS ON THIS PRINTOUT. 1. Which reaction is catalyzed by each

More information

Supplementary Online Material for Morris et al. sirna-induced transcriptional gene

Supplementary Online Material for Morris et al. sirna-induced transcriptional gene Supplementary Online Material for Morris et al. sirna-induced transcriptional gene silencing in human cells. Materials and Methods Lentiviral vector and sirnas. FIV vector pve-gfpwp was prepared as described

More information

Insulin mrna to Protein Kit

Insulin mrna to Protein Kit Insulin mrna to Protein Kit A 3DMD Paper BioInformatics and Mini-Toober Folding Activity Teacher Key and Teacher Notes www. Insulin mrna to Protein Kit Contents Becoming Familiar with the Data... 3 Identifying

More information

Gene Synthesis 191. Mutagenesis 194. Gene Cloning 196. AccuGeneBlock Service 198. Gene Synthesis FAQs 201. User Protocol 204

Gene Synthesis 191. Mutagenesis 194. Gene Cloning 196. AccuGeneBlock Service 198. Gene Synthesis FAQs 201. User Protocol 204 Gene Synthesis 191 Mutagenesis 194 Gene Cloning 196 AccuGeneBlock Service 198 Gene Synthesis FAQs 201 User Protocol 204 Gene Synthesis Overview Gene synthesis is the most cost-effective way to enhance

More information

Protein Synthesis. Page 41 Page 44 Page 47 Page 42 Page 45 Page 48 Page 43 Page 46 Page 49. Page 41. DNA RNA Protein. Vocabulary

Protein Synthesis. Page 41 Page 44 Page 47 Page 42 Page 45 Page 48 Page 43 Page 46 Page 49. Page 41. DNA RNA Protein. Vocabulary Protein Synthesis Vocabulary Transcription Translation Translocation Chromosomal mutation Deoxyribonucleic acid Frame shift mutation Gene expression Mutation Point mutation Page 41 Page 41 Page 44 Page

More information

Molecular Genetics. RNA, Transcription, & Protein Synthesis

Molecular Genetics. RNA, Transcription, & Protein Synthesis Molecular Genetics RNA, Transcription, & Protein Synthesis Section 1 RNA AND TRANSCRIPTION Objectives Describe the primary functions of RNA Identify how RNA differs from DNA Describe the structure and

More information

From DNA to Protein. Proteins. Chapter 13. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. The Path From Genes to Proteins. All proteins consist of polypeptide chains

From DNA to Protein. Proteins. Chapter 13. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. The Path From Genes to Proteins. All proteins consist of polypeptide chains Proteins From DNA to Protein Chapter 13 All proteins consist of polypeptide chains A linear sequence of amino acids Each chain corresponds to the nucleotide base sequence of a gene The Path From Genes

More information

ISTEP+: Biology I End-of-Course Assessment Released Items and Scoring Notes

ISTEP+: Biology I End-of-Course Assessment Released Items and Scoring Notes ISTEP+: Biology I End-of-Course Assessment Released Items and Scoring Notes Page 1 of 22 Introduction Indiana students enrolled in Biology I participated in the ISTEP+: Biology I Graduation Examination

More information

SERVICES CATALOGUE WITH SUBMISSION GUIDELINES

SERVICES CATALOGUE WITH SUBMISSION GUIDELINES SERVICES CATALOGUE WITH SUBMISSION GUIDELINES 3921 Montgomery Road Cincinnati, Ohio 45212 513-841-2428 www.agctsequencing.com CONTENTS Welcome Dye Terminator Sequencing DNA Sequencing Services - Full Service

More information

Transcription and Translation of DNA

Transcription and Translation of DNA Transcription and Translation of DNA Genotype our genetic constitution ( makeup) is determined (controlled) by the sequence of bases in its genes Phenotype determined by the proteins synthesised when genes

More information

Supplementary Information. Binding region and interaction properties of sulfoquinovosylacylglycerol (SQAG) with human

Supplementary Information. Binding region and interaction properties of sulfoquinovosylacylglycerol (SQAG) with human Supplementary Information Binding region and interaction properties of sulfoquinovosylacylglycerol (SQAG) with human vascular endothelial growth factor 165 revealed by biosensor based assays Yoichi Takakusagi

More information

Title : Parallel DNA Synthesis : Two PCR product from one DNA template

Title : Parallel DNA Synthesis : Two PCR product from one DNA template Title : Parallel DNA Synthesis : Two PCR product from one DNA template Bhardwaj Vikash 1 and Sharma Kulbhushan 2 1 Email: vikashbhardwaj@ gmail.com 1 Current address: Government College Sector 14 Gurgaon,

More information

Modeling DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis

Modeling DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis Skills Practice Lab Modeling DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis OBJECTIVES Construct and analyze a model of DNA. Use a model to simulate the process of replication. Use a model to simulate the process

More information

DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis. This isn t a baaaaaaaddd chapter!!!

DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis. This isn t a baaaaaaaddd chapter!!! DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis This isn t a baaaaaaaddd chapter!!! The Discovery of DNA s Structure Watson and Crick s discovery of DNA s structure was based on almost fifty years of research by other

More information

Thymine = orange Adenine = dark green Guanine = purple Cytosine = yellow Uracil = brown

Thymine = orange Adenine = dark green Guanine = purple Cytosine = yellow Uracil = brown 1 DNA Coloring - Transcription & Translation Transcription RNA, Ribonucleic Acid is very similar to DNA. RNA normally exists as a single strand (and not the double stranded double helix of DNA). It contains

More information

Inverse PCR & Cycle Sequencing of P Element Insertions for STS Generation

Inverse PCR & Cycle Sequencing of P Element Insertions for STS Generation BDGP Resources Inverse PCR & Cycle Sequencing of P Element Insertions for STS Generation For recovery of sequences flanking PZ, PlacW and PEP elements E. Jay Rehm Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project I.

More information

From DNA to Protein

From DNA to Protein Nucleus Control center of the cell contains the genetic library encoded in the sequences of nucleotides in molecules of DNA code for the amino acid sequences of all proteins determines which specific proteins

More information

Module 6: Digital DNA

Module 6: Digital DNA Module 6: Digital DNA Representation and processing of digital information in the form of DNA is essential to life in all organisms, no matter how large or tiny. Computing tools and computational thinking

More information

Viruses. Viral components: Capsid. Chapter 10: Viruses. Viral components: Nucleic Acid. Viral components: Envelope

Viruses. Viral components: Capsid. Chapter 10: Viruses. Viral components: Nucleic Acid. Viral components: Envelope Viruses Chapter 10: Viruses Lecture Exam #3 Wednesday, November 22 nd (This lecture WILL be on Exam #3) Dr. Amy Rogers Office Hours: MW 9-10 AM Too small to see with a light microscope Visible with electron

More information

2. The number of different kinds of nucleotides present in any DNA molecule is A) four B) six C) two D) three

2. The number of different kinds of nucleotides present in any DNA molecule is A) four B) six C) two D) three Chem 121 Chapter 22. Nucleic Acids 1. Any given nucleotide in a nucleic acid contains A) two bases and a sugar. B) one sugar, two bases and one phosphate. C) two sugars and one phosphate. D) one sugar,

More information

Next Generation Sequencing

Next Generation Sequencing Next Generation Sequencing 38. Informationsgespräch der Blutspendezentralefür Wien, Niederösterreich und Burgenland Österreichisches Rotes Kreuz 22. November 2014, Parkhotel Schönbrunn Die Zukunft hat

More information

Structure and Function of DNA

Structure and Function of DNA Structure and Function of DNA DNA and RNA Structure DNA and RNA are nucleic acids. They consist of chemical units called nucleotides. The nucleotides are joined by a sugar-phosphate backbone. The four

More information

pcas-guide System Validation in Genome Editing

pcas-guide System Validation in Genome Editing pcas-guide System Validation in Genome Editing Tagging HSP60 with HA tag genome editing The latest tool in genome editing CRISPR/Cas9 allows for specific genome disruption and replacement in a flexible

More information

Chapter 9. Applications of probability. 9.1 The genetic code

Chapter 9. Applications of probability. 9.1 The genetic code Chapter 9 Applications of probability In this chapter we use the tools of elementary probability to investigate problems of several kinds. First, we study the language of life by focusing on the universal

More information

Molecular analyses of EGFR: mutation and amplification detection

Molecular analyses of EGFR: mutation and amplification detection Molecular analyses of EGFR: mutation and amplification detection Petra Nederlof, Moleculaire Pathologie NKI Amsterdam Henrique Ruijter, Ivon Tielen, Lucie Boerrigter, Aafke Ariaens Outline presentation

More information

SEAC 2012 Medical Director Potpourri BANNER. WILLIAM PENN. YOUR COMPANY FOR LIFE

SEAC 2012 Medical Director Potpourri BANNER. WILLIAM PENN. YOUR COMPANY FOR LIFE SEAC 2012 Medical Director Potpourri BANNER. WILLIAM PENN. YOUR COMPANY FOR LIFE SEAC ML ENGMAN, MD Vice President and Chief Medical Director BANNER. WILLIAM PENN. YOUR COMPANY FOR LIFE UNDERWRITING SLEEP

More information

Name Date Period. 2. When a molecule of double-stranded DNA undergoes replication, it results in

Name Date Period. 2. When a molecule of double-stranded DNA undergoes replication, it results in DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis Keystone 1. During the process shown above, the two strands of one DNA molecule are unwound. Then, DNA polymerases add complementary nucleotides to each strand which results

More information

Genetic information (DNA) determines structure of proteins DNA RNA proteins cell structure 3.11 3.15 enzymes control cell chemistry ( metabolism )

Genetic information (DNA) determines structure of proteins DNA RNA proteins cell structure 3.11 3.15 enzymes control cell chemistry ( metabolism ) Biology 1406 Exam 3 Notes Structure of DNA Ch. 10 Genetic information (DNA) determines structure of proteins DNA RNA proteins cell structure 3.11 3.15 enzymes control cell chemistry ( metabolism ) Proteins

More information

ANALYSIS OF A CIRCULAR CODE MODEL

ANALYSIS OF A CIRCULAR CODE MODEL ANALYSIS OF A CIRCULAR CODE MODEL Jérôme Lacan and Chrstan J. Mchel * Laboratore d Informatque de Franche-Comté UNIVERSITE DE FRANCHE-COMTE IUT de Belfort-Montbélard 4 Place Tharradn - BP 747 5 Montbélard

More information

GENETIC CODING. A mathematician considers the problem of how genetic information is encoded for transmission from parent to offspring,.

GENETIC CODING. A mathematician considers the problem of how genetic information is encoded for transmission from parent to offspring,. ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE April 1962, Volume XXV, No. 7 GENETIC CODING A mathematician considers the problem of how genetic information is encoded for transmission from parent to offspring,. by Solomon W.

More information

The Steps. 1. Transcription. 2. Transferal. 3. Translation

The Steps. 1. Transcription. 2. Transferal. 3. Translation Protein Synthesis Protein synthesis is simply the "making of proteins." Although the term itself is easy to understand, the multiple steps that a cell in a plant or animal must go through are not. In order

More information

LESSON 4. Using Bioinformatics to Analyze Protein Sequences. Introduction. Learning Objectives. Key Concepts

LESSON 4. Using Bioinformatics to Analyze Protein Sequences. Introduction. Learning Objectives. Key Concepts 4 Using Bioinformatics to Analyze Protein Sequences Introduction In this lesson, students perform a paper exercise designed to reinforce the student understanding of the complementary nature of DNA and

More information

CHALLENGES IN THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT

CHALLENGES IN THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT REPRINT: originally published as: Robbins, R. J., 1992. Challenges in the human genome project. IEEE Engineering in Biology and Medicine, (March 1992):25 34. CHALLENGES IN THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT PROGRESS

More information

Inverse PCR and Sequencing of P-element, piggybac and Minos Insertion Sites in the Drosophila Gene Disruption Project

Inverse PCR and Sequencing of P-element, piggybac and Minos Insertion Sites in the Drosophila Gene Disruption Project Inverse PCR and Sequencing of P-element, piggybac and Minos Insertion Sites in the Drosophila Gene Disruption Project Protocol for recovery of sequences flanking insertions in the Drosophila Gene Disruption

More information

CCR Biology - Chapter 8 Practice Test - Summer 2012

CCR Biology - Chapter 8 Practice Test - Summer 2012 Name: Class: Date: CCR Biology - Chapter 8 Practice Test - Summer 2012 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What did Hershey and Chase know

More information

Protein Synthesis How Genes Become Constituent Molecules

Protein Synthesis How Genes Become Constituent Molecules Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis How Genes Become Constituent Molecules Mendel and The Idea of Gene What is a Chromosome? A chromosome is a molecule of DNA 50% 50% 1. True 2. False True False Protein

More information

3120-1 - Page 1. Name:

3120-1 - Page 1. Name: Name: 1) Which series is arranged in correct order according to decreasing size of structures? A) DNA, nucleus, chromosome, nucleotide, nitrogenous base B) chromosome, nucleus, nitrogenous base, nucleotide,

More information

Bio 102 Practice Problems Genetic Code and Mutation

Bio 102 Practice Problems Genetic Code and Mutation Bio 102 Practice Problems Genetic Code and Mutation Multiple choice: Unless otherwise directed, circle the one best answer: 1. Beadle and Tatum mutagenized Neurospora to find strains that required arginine

More information

The DNA-"Wave Biocomputer"

The DNA-Wave Biocomputer The DNA-"Wave Biocomputer" Peter P. Gariaev (Pjotr Garjajev)*, Boris I. Birshtein*, Alexander M. Iarochenko*, Peter J. Marcer**, George G. Tertishny*, Katherine A. Leonova*, Uwe Kaempf ***. * Institute

More information

The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION LIVING ENVIRONMENT. Tuesday, January 25, 2011 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m.

The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION LIVING ENVIRONMENT. Tuesday, January 25, 2011 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m. LIVING ENVIRONMENT The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION LIVING ENVIRONMENT Tuesday, January 25, 2011 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only Student Name School Name Notice...

More information

The making of The Genoma Music

The making of The Genoma Music 242 Summary Key words Resumen Palabras clave The making of The Genoma Music Aurora Sánchez Sousa 1, Fernando Baquero 1 and Cesar Nombela 2 1 Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, and 2 Department

More information

Marine Biology DEC 2004; 146(1) : 53-64 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-004-1423-6 Copyright 2004 Springer

Marine Biology DEC 2004; 146(1) : 53-64 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-004-1423-6 Copyright 2004 Springer Marine Biology DEC 2004; 146(1) : 53-64 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-004-1423-6 Copyright 2004 Springer Archimer http://www.ifremer.fr/docelec/ Archive Institutionnelle de l Ifremer The original publication

More information

To be able to describe polypeptide synthesis including transcription and splicing

To be able to describe polypeptide synthesis including transcription and splicing Thursday 8th March COPY LO: To be able to describe polypeptide synthesis including transcription and splicing Starter Explain the difference between transcription and translation BATS Describe and explain

More information

Biology Final Exam Study Guide: Semester 2

Biology Final Exam Study Guide: Semester 2 Biology Final Exam Study Guide: Semester 2 Questions 1. Scientific method: What does each of these entail? Investigation and Experimentation Problem Hypothesis Methods Results/Data Discussion/Conclusion

More information

DNA. Discovery of the DNA double helix

DNA. Discovery of the DNA double helix DNA Replication DNA Discovery of the DNA double helix A. 1950 s B. Rosalind Franklin - X-ray photo of DNA. C. Watson and Crick - described the DNA molecule from Franklin s X-ray. What is DNA? Question:

More information

Mutation, Repair, and Recombination

Mutation, Repair, and Recombination 16 Mutation, Repair, and Recombination WORKING WITH THE FIGURES 1. In Figure 16-3a, what is the consequence of the new 5 splice site on the open reading frame? In 16-3b, how big could the intron be to

More information

RNA & Protein Synthesis

RNA & Protein Synthesis RNA & Protein Synthesis Genes send messages to cellular machinery RNA Plays a major role in process Process has three phases (Genetic) Transcription (Genetic) Translation Protein Synthesis RNA Synthesis

More information

pcmv6-neo Vector Application Guide Contents

pcmv6-neo Vector Application Guide Contents pcmv6-neo Vector Application Guide Contents Package Contents and Storage Conditions... 2 Product Description... 2 Introduction... 2 Production and Quality Assurance... 2 Methods... 3 Other required reagents...

More information

Genetics Module B, Anchor 3

Genetics Module B, Anchor 3 Genetics Module B, Anchor 3 Key Concepts: - An individual s characteristics are determines by factors that are passed from one parental generation to the next. - During gamete formation, the alleles for

More information

Sample Questions for Exam 3

Sample Questions for Exam 3 Sample Questions for Exam 3 1. All of the following occur during prometaphase of mitosis in animal cells except a. the centrioles move toward opposite poles. b. the nucleolus can no longer be seen. c.

More information

Y-chromosome haplotype distribution in Han Chinese populations and modern human origin in East Asians

Y-chromosome haplotype distribution in Han Chinese populations and modern human origin in East Asians Vol. 44 No. 3 SCIENCE IN CHINA (Series C) June 2001 Y-chromosome haplotype distribution in Han Chinese populations and modern human origin in East Asians KE Yuehai ( `º) 1, SU Bing (3 Á) 1 3, XIAO Junhua

More information

Bio 102 Practice Problems Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology

Bio 102 Practice Problems Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology Bio 102 Practice Problems Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology Multiple choice: Unless otherwise directed, circle the one best answer: 1. Which of the following DNA sequences could be the recognition site

More information

Ribosomal Protein Synthesis

Ribosomal Protein Synthesis 1 1 Ribosomal Protein Synthesis Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Wintermeyer 1, Prof. Dr. Marina V. Rodnina 2 1 Institut f r Molekularbiologie, Universit t Witten/Herdecke, Stockumer Stra e 10, 58448 Witten, Germany;

More information

Introduction to Bioinformatics (Master ChemoInformatique)

Introduction to Bioinformatics (Master ChemoInformatique) Introduction to Bioinformatics (Master ChemoInformatique) Roland Stote Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire Biocomputing Group 03.90.244.730 rstote@igbmc.fr Biological Function

More information

Specific problems. The genetic code. The genetic code. Adaptor molecules match amino acids to mrna codons

Specific problems. The genetic code. The genetic code. Adaptor molecules match amino acids to mrna codons Tutorial II Gene expression: mrna translation and protein synthesis Piergiorgio Percipalle, PhD Program Control of gene transcription and RNA processing mrna translation and protein synthesis KAROLINSKA

More information

BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVEN

BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVEN ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA 2012. május 15. BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVEN EMELT SZINTŰ ÍRÁSBELI VIZSGA 2012. május 15. 8:00 Az írásbeli vizsga időtartama: 240 perc Pótlapok száma Tisztázati Piszkozati NEMZETI ERŐFORRÁS

More information

Translation Study Guide

Translation Study Guide Translation Study Guide This study guide is a written version of the material you have seen presented in the replication unit. In translation, the cell uses the genetic information contained in mrna to

More information

Regents Biology REGENTS REVIEW: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Regents Biology REGENTS REVIEW: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Period Date REGENTS REVIEW: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 1. The diagram at the right represents a portion of a type of organic molecule present in the cells of organisms. What will most likely happen if there is

More information

Basic Concepts of DNA, Proteins, Genes and Genomes

Basic Concepts of DNA, Proteins, Genes and Genomes Basic Concepts of DNA, Proteins, Genes and Genomes Kun-Mao Chao 1,2,3 1 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics 2 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering 3 Graduate

More information

Supplemental Data. Short Article. PPARγ Activation Primes Human Monocytes. into Alternative M2 Macrophages. with Anti-inflammatory Properties

Supplemental Data. Short Article. PPARγ Activation Primes Human Monocytes. into Alternative M2 Macrophages. with Anti-inflammatory Properties Cell Metabolism, Volume 6 Supplemental Data Short Article PPARγ Activation Primes Human Monocytes into Alternative M2 Macrophages with Anti-inflammatory Properties M. Amine Bouhlel, Bruno Derudas, Elena

More information

RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA and Protein Synthesis Name lass Date RN and Protein Synthesis Information and Heredity Q: How does information fl ow from DN to RN to direct the synthesis of proteins? 13.1 What is RN? WHT I KNOW SMPLE NSWER: RN is a nucleic

More information

TITRATION OF raav (VG) USING QUANTITATIVE REAL TIME PCR

TITRATION OF raav (VG) USING QUANTITATIVE REAL TIME PCR Page 1 of 5 Materials DNase digestion buffer [13 mm Tris-Cl, ph7,5 / 5 mm MgCl2 / 0,12 mm CaCl2] RSS plasmid ptr-uf11 SV40pA Forward primer (10µM) AGC AAT AGC ATC ACA AAT TTC ACA A SV40pA Reverse Primer

More information

Chlamydomonas adapted Green Fluorescent Protein (CrGFP)

Chlamydomonas adapted Green Fluorescent Protein (CrGFP) Chlamydomonas adapted Green Fluorescent Protein (CrGFP) Plasmid pfcrgfp for fusion proteins Sequence of the CrGFP In the sequence below, all amino acids which have been altered from the wildtype GFP from

More information

Viral Replication. Viral Replication: Basic Concepts

Viral Replication. Viral Replication: Basic Concepts Viral Replication Scott M. Hammer, M.D. Viral Replication: Basic Concepts Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites Viruses carry their genome (RNA or DNA) and sometimes functional proteins required

More information

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Brief History 1 1869 - Miescher Isolated nuclein from soiled bandages 1902 - Garrod Studied rare genetic disorder: Alkaptonuria; concluded that specific gene is associated

More information

Heraeus Sepatech, Kendro Laboratory Products GmbH, Berlin. Becton Dickinson,Heidelberg. Biozym, Hessisch Oldendorf. Eppendorf, Hamburg

Heraeus Sepatech, Kendro Laboratory Products GmbH, Berlin. Becton Dickinson,Heidelberg. Biozym, Hessisch Oldendorf. Eppendorf, Hamburg 13 4. MATERIALS 4.1 Laboratory apparatus Biofuge A Centrifuge 5804R FACScan Gel electrophoresis chamber GPR Centrifuge Heraeus CO-AUTO-ZERO Light Cycler Microscope Motopipet Neubauer Cell Chamber PCR cycler

More information

DNA, RNA, Protein synthesis, and Mutations. Chapters 12-13.3

DNA, RNA, Protein synthesis, and Mutations. Chapters 12-13.3 DNA, RNA, Protein synthesis, and Mutations Chapters 12-13.3 1A)Identify the components of DNA and explain its role in heredity. DNA s Role in heredity: Contains the genetic information of a cell that can

More information

http://hdl.handle.net/10197/2727

http://hdl.handle.net/10197/2727 Provided by the author(s) and University College Dublin Library in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite the published version when available. Title Performance of DNA data embedding algorithms

More information

Translation. Translation: Assembly of polypeptides on a ribosome

Translation. Translation: Assembly of polypeptides on a ribosome Translation Translation: Assembly of polypeptides on a ribosome Living cells devote more energy to the synthesis of proteins than to any other aspect of metabolism. About a third of the dry mass of a cell

More information

Chapter 17: From Gene to Protein

Chapter 17: From Gene to Protein AP Biology Reading Guide Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Julia Keller 12d Chapter 17: From Gene to Protein 1. What is gene expression? Gene expression is the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins

More information

Microbial Genetics (Chapter 8) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College. Eastern Campus

Microbial Genetics (Chapter 8) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College. Eastern Campus Microbial Genetics (Chapter 8) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College Primary Source for figures and content: Eastern Campus Tortora, G.J. Microbiology An Introduction

More information

Genomes and SNPs in Malaria and Sickle Cell Anemia

Genomes and SNPs in Malaria and Sickle Cell Anemia Genomes and SNPs in Malaria and Sickle Cell Anemia Introduction to Genome Browsing with Ensembl Ensembl The vast amount of information in biological databases today demands a way of organising and accessing

More information