4 1 Iris hexagonus. Juncus inflexus Blue Arrows 4 TN NO x -N NH 4 -N TP 47. 8% 52. 2% 32. 4% 70. 1% % 58. 5% 34. 6% 67.

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1 Chinese Journal of Ecology * 1 2** Iris hexagonus Hybrid + Rumex japonicus + Acorus gramineus Ogan + Juncus inflexus Blue Arrows 4 TN NO x -N NH 4 -N TP 47. 8% 52. 2% 32. 4% 70. 1% Hemerocallis middendorfii 4 TN NO x -N NH 4 -N TP 44. 2% 58. 5% 34. 6% 67. 8% TN NO x -N NH 4 -N TP 40. 0% 25. 9% 27. 3% 64. 5% Chlorophytum comosum Carex tristachya NO x -N 1 2 Q X52 A Purification efficiency of four combinations of aquatic macrophytes on eutrophic water body in winter. WANG Xiu-fang 1 2** XU Kai-ping 1 YE Sui-gao 1 XUE Lin-lin 3 LIU Gui-hua 2 YOU Ai-ju 1 SU Fei 1 1 Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary Hangzhou China 2 Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China 3 College of Life Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian China. Chinese Journal of Ecology Abstract Ten species of low temperature-tolerant aquatic macrophytes were chosen to construct four combinations of aquatic macrophytes to study their purification efficiency on eutrophic water body in winter. In non-macrophyte treatment CK the removal efficiency of water total nitrogen TN nitrite nitrogen NO x -N ammonium nitrogen NH 4 -N and total phosphorus TP was 40. 0% 25. 9% 27. 3% and 64. 5% respectively. Combination 1 Iris hexagonus Hybrid + Rumex japonicas + Acorus gramineus Ogan + Juncus inflexus Blue Arrows grew luxuriantly in the test eutrophic water body and performed best in decreasing water TN NO x -N NH 4 -N and TP with the removal efficiency being 47. 8% 52. 2% 32. 4% and 70. 1% respectively. Combination 2 I. hexagonus Hybrid + R. japonicas + A. gramineus Ogan + Hemerocallis middendorfii could survive and had definite growth amount in the test eutrophic water and the removal efficiency of water TN NO x -N NH 4 -N and TP was 44. 2% 58. 5% 34. 6% and 67. 8% respectively. In contrast both the combination 3 R. japonicas + Lolium perenne + Chlorophytum comosum + Juncus pallidus R. Br. Javelin and the combination 4 R. japonicas + L. perenne + C. comosum + Carex tristachya only had an obvious efficiency in removing NO x -N but less efficiency in removing TN NH 4 -N and TP due to the poor growth of * ** wxfhongan@ 126. com

2 C. comosum and C. tristachya. It was suggested that combinations 1 and 2 had better purification efficiency on eutrophic water body being the suitable combination forms of aquatic macrophytes floating-bed under low temperature in winter. Key words phytoremediation nitrogen and phosphorus removal overwintering floating-bed 'E Fox et al Lu et al m 11 m 1 20 m 11 m 15 4 m 1 m 0. 8 m Schnoor et al Li et al TN ±2. 46 mg L -1 NO x - N 2. 34±0. 04 mg L -1 NH 4 -N 2. 69±0. 40 mg L -1 TP 0. 28±0. 07 mg L Ceratophyllum demersum TN TP NO x -N Myriophyllum verticillatum TN TP NO x -N COD DO cm ' N

3 403 1 Table 1 Experiment plants and their related characters Iris hexagonus Hybrid 50 ~ 60 cm 4 5 Rumex japonicus 50 ~ 60 cm 4 5 Acorus gramieneus Ogan 50 ~ 60 cm 4 5 Juncus inflexus 40 ~ L. Blue Arrows 100 cm 5 6 Juncus pallidus R. Br. Javelin 150 cm 5 6 Hemerocallis middendorfii 50 ~ 80 cm 5 Ranunculus japonicus 30 ~ 60 cm Lolium perenne 30 ~ 90 cm 3 5 Chlorophytum comosum 10 ~ 30 cm ~ 25 5 Carex tristachya 20 ~ 45 cm Fig. 1 Experimental design cm 400 ml TN NO x -N NH 4 -N TP Skalar SA-4000 N P N P N P N P 1 N P 2 SPSS P = C S H + C S H - C S H / C S H 100% 1 P C H S d ~ 3 10

4 TN TN 4 TN TN 4 TN 2. 2 TN mg L mg mm L % 1 2 TN % 44. 2% TN 7. 96±2. 30 mg L -1 NO x -N 0. 70±0. 56 mg L -1 NH 4 -N ±0. 85 mg L -1 TP ±0. 34 mg 84 d P < TN L % 37. 9% P>0. 05 TN NO x -N 3 4 NO x -N NH 4 -N TP ± NO x -N ± ± ± mg 1 2 L -1 W NO x -N 3 NO x -N = S H C S H C TN NO x -N ± g NO x -N ± g NH 4 -N ± NO x -N g TP 0. 37± % 58. 5% 34. 1% g 31. 1% 25. 9% NO x -N 2. 3 P< NO x -N P< NH 4 -N 4 NH 4 -N mg L -1 NH 4 -N NH 4 -N TN 2 NH 4 -N % % 2 4 TN Fig. 2 Removal efficiency of TN by four hydrophyte combinations 3 4 NO x -N Fig. 3 Removal efficiency of NO x -N by four hydrophyte combinations

5 NH 4 -N Fig. 4 Removal efficiency of NH 4 -N by four hydrophyte combinations 5 4 TP Fig. 5 Removal efficiency of TP by four hydrophyte combinations 21. 4% 19. 1% 27. 2% mg L -1 P< NH 4 -N TP 5 TP Potamogeton maackianus TN TP NO x -N % % 91. 7% 4 TP 71. 5% 70. 4% 84. 5% TP d TP % 67. 8% 42. 4% 53. 2% 64. 5% 1 2 P <0. 05 TP 4 Eichhornia crassipes Pistia stratiotes P> Ludwigia adscendens P< TN NO x -N NH 4 -N TP 47. 8% 52. 2% 32. 4% 70. 1% TN NO x -N NH 4 -N TP 44. 2% 58. 5% 34. 6% 67. 8% 3 4 NO x -N NO x -N 1 2 TN TP NH 4 -N NO x -N NO x -N NH 4 -N 2003 NO x -N NH 4 -N NH 4 -N Wen & Recknagel TN TP 50% 60% TN TP 1999 L. multiflorum Lam. TN TP 80% 90% TN TP Wen & Recknagel TN TN 84 d 1

6 Fox LJ Struik PC Appleton BL et al Nitrogen phytoremediation by water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes Mart. Solms. Water Air and Soil Pollution Li EH Li W Liu GH et al The effect of different submerged macrophyte species and biomass on sediment resus ph. pension in a shallow freshwater lake. Aquatic Botany Wen L Recknagel F In situ removal of dissolved phosphorus in irrigation drainage water by planted floats Pre liminary results from growth chamber experiment. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment Lu Q He ZL Graetz DA et al Phytoremediation to remove nutrients and improve eutrophic stormwaters using water lettuce Pistia stratiotes L.. Environmental Science and Pollution Research Schnoor JL Licht LA McCutcheon SC et al Phytoremediation of organic and nutrient contaminations. Environ mental Science and Technology wxfhongan@ 126. com

Phosphorus removal from aquaculture wastewater and latex by Ceratophyllum demersum

Phosphorus removal from aquaculture wastewater and latex by Ceratophyllum demersum African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(7), pp. 1639-1643, 24 January, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/ajb DOI: 10.5897/AJB11.2910 ISSN 1684 5315 2012 Academic Journals Full Length