CSAM. Status of Agricultural Mechanization in the Philippines
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1 October Status of Agricultural Mechanization in the Philippines Delfin C. Suministrado Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center, College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology, UPLB Paper presented at the Regional Forum on Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization inasia and the Pacific Quingdao, China 26-27, 2013 Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 1 of 24
2 The Philippines Land area: 30 million hectares Agricultural: 9.5 million hectares Rice: 4.8 million hectares Production: 18 million tons (2013) The Philippines is a rice importer country. Corn: 2.6 million hectares Production: 7.4 million tons (2013) Coconut, Sugar Cane, Banana, Pineapple, Cassava, Rubber, Mango, Vegetables Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 2 of 24
3 Agricultural Mechanization in the Philippines Brief history of mechanization 1890s: Agricultural machines from Spain and United States were introduced into the country. They found applications in large estates. 1940s: Preferential tax incentives were given to imported agricultural machines. Mechanization was heavily biased to large scale farming. Mechanization was synonymous to tractorization. Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 3 of 24
4 four-wheel Imported tractor, Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 4 of 24
5 power tiller Imported tractor, Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 5 of 24
6 Agricultural Mechanization in the Philippines Brief history (cont.) : The CB-IBRD loan encouraged the acquisition of four-wheel tractors, and later, small power tillers. 1970s: The Green Revolution saw the growth of local agricultural machinery manufacturing industry. Power tillers and threshers were locally designed and fabricated Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 6 of 24
7 Locally fabricated power tiller Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 7 of 24
8 After farm work, the power tiller is used for transport. Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 8 of 24
9 After farm work, the power tiller is used for transport. Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 9 of 24
10 Locally developed turtle tiller or hydrotiller Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 10 of 24
11 Locally developed threshers Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 11 of 24
12 Agricultural Mechanization Brief history (cont.) 1970s: in the Philippines - A shift of model of mechanization from large scale to small scale. Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 12 of 24
13 Brief history (cont.) Agricultural Mechanization in the Philippines Laws affecting agricultural mechanization: AFMA (Agriculture and Fishery Modernization Act) of Agricultural Engineering Law AFMech Law (Agricultural and Fishery Mechanization Law) of Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 13 of 24
14 Mechanization of various crops Operation Land preparation Planting/ transplanting Rice/Corn Intermediate to high Vegetable, legumes & rootcrops Low Coconut/Fruits /Fiber crops Sugarcane, pineapple Intermediate to high Low Low Low Low to intermediate Crop care/cultivation Low Low Low Low to high Harvesting Low Low Low Low Threshing/ shelling Cleaning Intermediate to high Low (legumes) Low Drying Low Low (legumes) Milling/ village level processing Low High Low Low Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 14 of 24
15 The agricultural machinery industry importation of heavy machines and prime movers, and local assembly and fabrication of small equipment. locally manufactured machines have high import content sometimes constituting more than half of the total machinery cost. Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 15 of 24
16 The agricultural machinery industry Luzon (156, 50%) Visayas (69, 22%) Mindanao (89, 28%) Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 16 of 24
17 The agricultural machinery industry distribution in the Philippines Luzon (156, 50%) Visayas (69, 22%) Mindanao (89, 28%) Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 17 of 24
18 Research and Development Efforts power tillers and hydrotillers, irrigation pumps, rice transplanters, drum seeders, weeders, rice reapers, rice threshers, rice strippers, corn threshers and shellers, village rice mills, grain moisture meters, coconut husk decorticators, abaca extractor, and grain and copra dryers Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 18 of 24
19 Research and Development Efforts power tillers and hydrotillers, irrigation pumps, rice transplanters, drum seeders, weeders, rice reapers, rice threshers, rice strippers, corn threshers and shellers, village rice mills, grain moisture meters, coconut husk decorticators, abaca extractor, and grain and copra dryers Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 19 of 24
20 Challenges in R, D & E Machinery requirements Rice: transplanter, harvester, drier Corn, vegetables & upland crops Coconut, Fruit crops Livestock, poultry & aquaculture Structures and controlled-environment agriculture Precision agriculture/smart farming Energy resources, generation & utilization Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 20 of 24
21 Conclusion Problems affecting mechanization Low farm gate prices; Lack of alternative market outlets; Prices are dictated by middlemen. High costs of farm inputs Incidence of pests and diseases Environmental problems Lack or inadequate support structures (roads, irrigation) Lack of access to current farming technologies Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 21 of 24
22 Conclusion Policy recommendations Non-interference by government on price levels of commodities; Increased availability of loans/less stringent requirements; More cooperative buying stations; More machinery centers (custom hiring, repairs); Support to manufacturers; More support infrastructures Discourage land division Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 22 of 24
23 Conclusion The newly enacted law on Agriculture and Fishery Mechanization (AFMech Law of 2013) is expected to promulgate plans for a sustainable mechanization of Philippine agriculture and help its modernization. Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 23 of 24
24 homeimprovement-pro.com Thank you! Regional Forum 2013 (un-csam.org) Page 24 of 24
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