Prof. Christel Hassler

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1 Biodiversity and isolation of bacteria and viruses in contrasted regions from the Southern Ocean Prof. hristel Hassler Dr. elchat Florian University of Geneva (Switzerland) Dr. Jacquet Stéphan R (France) Dr. laire Boisset RS (France) Dr. Stéphane érantola Brest University (France) Prof. Matthew Sullivan Ohio State University (US) Dr. Simon Roux Ohio State University (US)

2 Key microbiological players of the Southern Ocean F Y S Z Phytoplankton - By photosynthesis, they fix atmospheric O 2 and produce O 2 - Their role on climate has been established (biological carbon pump) B O D

3 Key microbiological players of the Southern Ocean S Z Phytoplankton - By photosynthesis, they fix atmospheric O 2 and produce O 2 - Their role on climate has been established (biological carbon pump) F Marine bacteria - mportant for the production and recycling of organic compounds - Their role on climate has been recently described (microbial pump) B O D Y

4 Key microbiological players of the Southern Ocean S Z Phytoplankton - By photosynthesis, they fix atmospheric O 2 and produce O 2 - Their role on climate has been established (biological carbon pump) F Marine bacteria - mportant for the production and recycling of organic compounds - Their role on climate has been recently described (microbial pump) - Viruses are intracellular parasites - Their number in 1 liter of seawater exceeds the entire human population - They can degrade organic matter and affect bacteria life cycle - Probably the major evolutive force of the biosphere but role and distribution are still poorly understood B O D Y

5 Solubility Photosynthesis Respiration The Southern Ocean a critical player for carbon cycling and climate O 2 Biological Pump O 2 Microbial Pump The carbon pump mediated by microorganisms is important for carbon sequestration and hence the regulation of our climate O 2 Bacteria t involves interactions between the key microbiological players and organic compounds D Physical Pump Phytoplankton Food chain PO DO Viruses n the Southern Ocean, the carbon pump is sub-optimal. t is mainly limited by the lack of iron - an essential element for life Ocean circulation PO Refractory O Our projet has multiple synergies with a study on the «ycling of trace elements in the Southern Ocean» (P llwood, Jaccard and Hassler): xport 13 Pg.yr -1 Together, they will: Burial 0.2 Pg.yr -1 onnect the biological and the microbial carbon pumps Shed light on the links between carbon and iron biogeochemistry Provide upmost needed data to improve biogeochemical modeling

6 Our project explores the connections between ntarctic bacteria, viruses, biogeochemistry and climate

7 Planned work at sea B Sampling of contrasted regions to illustrate the diversity found around the South Pole haracterization of the bacterial and viral communities in surface water and at depth onventional techniques Metavirome analysis ncubation experiments to determine viral activity solation of cold-adapted viruses and bacteria TD cast m arge volume water sampling (Fish system)

8 From work at sea Scientific goals dentifying viral and bacterial biodiversity xploring the link with physical, chemical and biological oceanography

9 From work at sea Scientific goals dentifying viral and bacterial biodiversity xploring the link with physical, chemical and biological oceanography Back on shore Selecting bacteria producing organic compounds Playing with bacterial organic compounds and asses their sensitivity to viral degradation, revisiting the impact of viruses on carbon and iron biogeochemistry collection of ntarctic bacteria and viruses freely accessible to further stimulate research

10 Thank you

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