UNIT-1 INTRODUCTION. data independence and physical data independence? UNIT-2 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP MODEL. used ER diagram and their meanings.

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1 UNIT-1 INTRODUCTION 1. List and explain the main characteristics of database approach. [ 8 2. Define the terms [10 a) DBMS b) DBA c) Meta data d) Entity e) Attribute f) Data model g) canned transaction h) Database designer i) Snapshot j) Intension k) Extension l) Schema construct m) Value set n) complex attribute 3. Explain the typical components module of a DBMS with neat diagram. [10 4. Explain the three schema architecture.what is the difference between logical data independence and physical data independence? [8 5. Briefly discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using DBMS. [10 6. Explain the operation of two-tier client/server architecture for RDBMS. [8 7. Explain with diagram architecture of DBMS. [6 8. What is meant by persistent storage for program objects? [5 9. Write a note on the different DBMS language. [8 10. What are different ways of classification of DBMS? Explain [8 11. What are the responsibilities of database administrator? [4 UNIT-2 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP MODEL 1. What are structural constraints on a relation type?explain with example [5 2. What is a weak entity type?explain the role of partial key in design of weak entity type. [5 3. List the summary of the notations of ER diagram. Include symbols used ER diagram and their meanings. [10 4. Define an entity and an attribute. Explain the different types of attribute That occur in an ER model with example. [10

2 5. What is meant by recursive relationship?bring out the importance of 6. Role names in recursive relationship with example. [6 7. Explain with sketch, the different phases of database design. [10 8. Define the following terms with an example a) Composite attribute b) Complex attribute c) Participation constraints d) Cardinality ratio e) Ternary relationship [10 9. a)design an ER diagram for an insurance, company, Assume Entity types like CUSTOMER, AGENT, BRANCH, POLICY, PAYMENT and relationship between them. [10 b) Design ER diagram for AIRLINE database. [10 c) Design ER diagram for MOVIE database. [10 d) Design ER diagram for BANK database. [10 UNIT-3 RELATIONAL MODEL AND RELATIONAL ALGEBRA 1. Discuss the entity integrity and referential integrity constraints. Why is each Considered important? [5 1. Discuss the various types of JOIN operations. Why is Theta Join required? [5 2. Briefly discuss how the different update operations on a relation deal with Constraints violations? [8 3. Explain SELECT and PROJECT operations in relational algebra with An example [10 4. Explain foreign key and its importance. Can a foreign key exist? For Minus operator? [5 5. How can an intersection operator be implemented using union and Minus operator? [3 6. List the characteristics of relation. Discuss each one [5

3 7. Give the ER to relational mapping algorithm. Discuss each step with an example. [10 8. Define the following terms a) Candidate key b) Primary key c) Foreign key d)super key [10 9. a)write queries in relational algebra for the following a.i. a.ii. Retrieve the number of dependents for an employee name Ram. Retrieve the name of managers working in location named XYZ who has no female dependents? a.iii. Retrieve the name of employee who works in the same department as that of Raj. [12 b) Give the schema: Student (USN, NAME, BRANCH, PERCENTAGE) Faculty (FID, FNAME, DEPT, DESIGNATION, SALARY) Course (CID, CNAME, FID) Enroll (CID, USN, GRADE) Give the relation algebra expression for the following a.iii.i. Retrieve the name and percentage of all students for the course 10CS54. a.iii.ii. List the departments having a average salary of the faculties above RS 30,000. a.iii.iii. List name of the course having students grade A maximum. [10 UNIT 4 SQL-1

4 1. Explain the different constraints that can be applied during table creation in sql, with an example? [8 2. List and explain the basic data types available for attributes in SQL and give example? [5 3. Explain how the GROUPBY clause works, what is the difference between the WHERE and HAVING clause? [5 4. With respect to SQL, explain with example [10 a) DROP command b) ALTER command 5. How does SQL command implement the entity integrity constraints of the relational data model? 6. Using the given table write sql queries to: [12 Sailors (sal_id, sal_name, rating.age) Reserves (sal_id, boat_id,day) Boats (boat_id,boat_name,color) a. Find all sailors ID of sailors who have a rating of 10 or reserved boat 105 b. Find sailors whose rating is better than sailor called Raj c. Find the names of sailors who are older than oldest sailor with rating of Write SQL query for the following: [8 Works (pname,cname,salary) Lives(pname,street,city) Located_in (cname,city) Manager(pname,mgrname) a. find the names of all persons who live in the city BANGLORE b. retrieve the names of all persons of infosy s whose salary is between rs 50,000 and Rs c. find the names of all person who works and lives in same city d. list the names of people who work for tech m along with the cities they live in e. find the average salary of infosys persons 8. write the SQL queries for the following [10 Emp(fname,ename,ssn,bdate,address,sex,salary,superman, dno) Dept(dname,dnumber,mgrssn,mgrstartdate) Dept_loc(dnumber,dloc) Project(pname,pnumber,ploc,dnum) Works_on(essn,pno,hours) Dependent(essn,dependent_name,sex) a. list female employee from dno=20 earning more then b. list cse department details c. retrieve the firstname, lastname and salary of all the employees who work in department no.50 d. select the name of employee whose 1 st letter is R and 3 rd letter is M e. retrieve the names of the manager of each department

5 UNIT 5 SQL-2 1. Explain the syntax of SELECT statement in SQL? [4 2. How is the view created and dropped? What problems are associated with updating views?[6 3. Explain the following a. Embedded SQL b. database stored procedure. [10 4. Explain insert, delete and update statement in SQL and give example for each [8 5. How are triggers and assertions defined in SQL? Explain with example [10 6. List approaches to DB programming? What are the main issues involved in DB programming [8 7. What is the impedance mismatch problem? Explain [6 8. List and explain the commands available for retrieving and updating the database in SQL. [8 9. Write a note on aggregate functions in SQL with examples. [ Explain with example equi-join and natural-join [4 11. Explain co-related queries with example [5 UNIT 6 DATABASE DESIGN What is the functional dependency and who specifies the functional dependency that holds among the attributes of a relation schema? [5 2. consider R={A,B,C,D,E,F} FD s are {A BC,C E,CD EF}Show that AD F [5 3. Find the key and normalize [10 Booktittle author_name book_type list_price affliation pupublication

6 FD s are {booktittle booktype,publication Author_name affiliation Book_type list_price} 4. Explain the informal design guidelines for relation schema [8 5. Define and explain three different techniques to achieve INF using a suitable example [8 6. Differentiate between prime and non-prime attribute with example [4 7. Define Boyce-code normal form, how does it differ from 3NF,why is it considered a strong form of a 3NF [6 8. Explain informal design guidelines for relation schema [6 UNIT 7 DATABASE DESIGN-2 1. Which normal form is based on the concept of multi value functional dependency? Explain the same with example [10 2. Given relation R with 4 attributes R=(A,B,C.D) and following FD s,identify the candidate keys for R and highest normal form a) C D, C A, B C b) B C, D A [10 3. Define multivalued dependency, explain 4NF with example [10 4. Explain a. Inclusion dependencies b. Domain key normal form [12 5. Explain briefly the domain key normal form with example [6 UNIT 8 TRANSACTION MANAGEMENT 1. Write short notes on the following [20 a. two phase locking protocol

7 b. transaction support in SQL c. time stamp ordering algorithms d. acid properties 2. Draw a state diagram and discuss the typical states that a transaction goes through during execution. [10 3. Explain the problems that can occur when concurrent transactions are executed give example. [10 4. Briefly discuss the 2 phase locking protocol used in concurrency control [10 5. Explain all the phases involved in ARIES algorithm with an example [10 6. Write a short notes on: [20 a. 2 PL protocol b. deadlocks c. Aries d. multivalued dependency 7. Explain database recovery techniques [10