WiMAX & Beyond. Al Javed Vice-President, Wireless Networks Technology

Transcription

1 WiMAX & Beyond Al Javed Vice-President, Wireless Networks Technology

2 Table of Contents Beyond 3G System Challenges Next Generation Technologies Impact of Technologies on System Performance The Unwiring of the Future 2

3 Enabling True Mobile Multimedia 1G 2G 3G B3G Analog Voice DIGITAL Voice Quality Capacity Reliability Roaming DIGITAL Voice plus DATA Mixed Services Capacity Personalization VIDEO & MULTIMEDIA Mixed Networks IP Based Ambient Awareness Always Connected 3

4 B3G Systems Challenges Broadband radios (PHY/MAC) with QoS Scaleable system capacity for mass market services Integration of multiple radios into single IP network New networking modes multicast, multihop and peer-to-peer Truly useful mobile information services 4

5 Table of Contents Beyond 3G System Challenges Next Generation Technologies Impact of Technologies on System Performance The Unwiring of the Future 5

6 Spatial Processing Technology > Many different flavours of spatial processing: Multibeam sectorisation Adaptive beamforming Interference cancellation Diversity MIMO > Selection of the best solution is a complex tradeoff: Air interface constraints Benefit / cost metric Fundamental factors, eg propagation effects Target Interferer Multiple antennas at cellsite and user end of the link achieves substantial capacity and coverage improvements 6

7 Basestation Multibeam Antenna > Directional antennas offer key advantages: Reduced interference Better/more sectorisation from a common aperture Better link gain > Multibeam antennas offer increased capacity per cell site Nortel beam design achieves close to optimum sectorisation efficiency > Dual polar array antennas can replace two space diverse antennas 0 db Custom beamset innovated by Nortel azimuth (degrees) Series1 Series2 Series3 Series4 Series5 Series6 Multibeam can more than double the capacity - Field proven technology but there still remain operational challenges impacting wide-scale deployment 7

8 Principles of MIMO Multiple Antenna Concept MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output Uses multiple antennas at cellsite and user terminal: - Improved diversity performance - Exploit parallel spatial modes Achieves considerable increase in spectral & power efficiencies for data: - Higher cell capacities - Higher peak rates - Better coverage of high rate services Spectral Efficiency (bps/hz) Increasing Power Efficiency 5 4 4:4 4:2 4:1 Benchmark 2:2 (uncoded) STTD (OSTBC) 3 12dB gain STTC-32 MC-STTC-256 2:2 2:2 2:2 (coded) 2:1 2:1 2 BLAST 1 1:4 2:2 1:2 2:1 1: Eb/No (db) for 10% FER Multi-Element Transmitter A B C Tx Encoder 1 N T Tx Antenna Space-Time QAM Symbol Symbol t 0 t 1 t 2 Space-Time Codeword MIMO Channel Matrix, H 8 1 N R Rx Decoder Multi-Element Receiver A B C

9 MIMO Technology Verification Can multiple antenna elements be integrated into the UE? antenna elements located in corners of laptop screen section Will these techniques work in real propagation environments? BS at UCL Scatter map of multipath environment MS at Pall Mall 0Nortel have extensive expertise in measuring, understanding and modelling propagation environments 0Nortel have patented solutions for handsets, PDAs, laptops 0Nortel have proven these concepts with prototypes tested in the field 9

10 MIMO Channel Characterization Field measurements Real-life deployments Instantaneous eigenvalues for a single 10s measurement 12 max eig min eig 10 8 Eigenvalue 6 4 Dense urban trial location 2 0 MIMO channel samples (500 per division) Prototype MIMO terminal antenna MIMO eigenmode strength for 2:2 antenna configuration Practical measurement of outdoor-to-indoor channel proves existence of parallel paths, and has demonstrated high value of MIMO approach in representative deployments 10

11 OFDM Modulation Time-slotted Fat Pipe Scalable multi-carrier transmission Sub-carriers time Dedicated Traffic Data frequency To antenna 1 To antenna 2 More naturally amenable to MIMO than CDMA From N antennae Time/Freq Time/Freq Time/Freq Time/Freq Synch Synch Synch Synch Frequency A/D A/D Frequency Frequency Frequency Offset A/D A/D Offset Offset Correction Offset Correction Correction Correction FFT FFT FFT FFT Channel Channel Channel Channel Estimation Estimation Estimation Estimation Equalizer Equalizer Equalizer Equalizer Simplicity of FFT based receiver To decoders OFDM offers best capacity at lowest cost for large throughput systems Challenges in our application: Medium/high mobility Frequency re-use of N=1 Cellular range and coverage Peak to average power ratio Nortel is a leader in the 3GPP OFDM Study Item 11

12 Adaptive Modulation & Coding Spectral Efficiency [bits/s/hz] Mbps 24Mbps 12Mbps 6Mbps Power and Band Efficient Coding/Modulation Shannon Limit R=1/2 R=1/3 R=1/4 QPSK 64 QAM 16 QAM QPSK 16QAM 35dB Gain Eb/No [db] Turbo-coding 64QAM DVB-T-coding R=7/8 QPSK R=5/6 QPSK R=3/4 QPSK R=2/3 QPSK R=1/2 QPSK R=7/8 16QAM R=5/6 16QAM R=3/4 16QAM R=2/3 16QAM R=1/2 R=7/8 64QAM R=5/6 64QAM R=3/4 64QAM R=2/3 64QAM R=1/2 64QAM Modulation & Code Set based on Turbo-code approaches Shannon limit 12

13 Packet-oriented MAC Design UMTS 99 MAC/RRM Advanced MAC/RRM Carrier IP Internet Management Server High-Speed QoS Enabled IP Network RRM Wireless Gateway Edge Router RLC, CS (DL), SHO (UL) Slow ch quality feedback Node B RNC RRM, MAC scheduling (slow), RLC, SHO (UL/DL) Node B Node B Fast ch quality feedback Node B Scheduler: -fast MAC scheduling, -fast AMC control -CS support > > Packet-oriented Packet-oriented design design - - fast, fast, packetby-packet > packetby-packet > Circuit Circuit - - oriented oriented design design scheduling scheduling improves ineffective improves ineffective for for bursty bursty traffic traffic spectral spectral efficiency efficiency > > Scheduler Scheduler at at RNC RNC - - slow slow > > Scheduler Scheduler at at BTS BTS - - fast fast resource resource resource resource allocation allocation allocation allocation (code, (code, modulation, modulation, > bandwidth) > SHO SHO with with slow slow updates updates on on bandwidth) cell cell selection selection > > Cell Cell Switching Switching (FCS): (FCS): optimized optimized for for packet packet data data delivery, delivery, capacity, capacity, 13 coverage coverage and and data data rate rate at at cell cell edge Nortel edge Confidential

14 Advanced Scheduling Channel Condition Throughput/ Fairness Control Delay Bound Control Evaluate Priority Select User with Maximum Priority Transmit to Selected User Outage Criteria Radio resource util eff (%) FTP (low burstiness) WWW (med burstiness) (high burstiness) Streaming Traffic type Advanced Scheduling adds dimensions of QoS and fairness control over current industry schedulers 14

15 Table of Contents Beyond 3G System Challenges Next Generation Technologies Impact of Technologies on System Performance The Unwiring of the Future 15

16 Reference System Architecture Create Parallel Pipes 3-Beam/Sector Dual Polar [2,2] and [2,4] MIMO Internet NodeNode-B AAA, DNS, DHCP Servers Policy Services Internet /Enterprise /PSTN Wireless Internet Access Network NodeNode-B MCP Packet Gateway NodeNode-B MAC Scheduler Voice over IP Semi-distributed Layer 2 MCP at Edge Router Macro diversity SHO 16 UE Capabilities Full Mobility 2 or 4 Rx Antennas Always-on MCP NodeNode-B Nomadic NodeNode-B NodeNode-B Fast Packet Scheduling Fast MIMO/M/C Adaptation Multi-User Diversity Vehicular Pedestrian Macro-Cell, 5MHz Spectrum Frequency Reuse = 1 Adaptive MIMO-OFDM Down Link OFDMA Up Link 160 Mbps/cell aggregate capacity with aggressive cost per bit savings

17 System Performance Targets Targets are compared with 3G performance: Performance Metric (Nomadic 5 MHz ) Link UMTS R3 1xEV-DO (0) 1xEV-DO (A)/ UMTS R5 (HSDPA) Targets 1xEV-DV (D) Aggregate Data Throughput/Cell (Mbps) Downlink Uplink User Peak Data Rate (Mbps) Downlink w/o MIMO 31 w/o MIMO 108 w/o MIMO 40 Uplink Spectral Efficiency (bps/hz/cell/carrier) Downlink Uplink Dormant to Active Transition Time (sec) Cost wrt Downlink capacity ($/Mb/s/km 2 ) NB Aggregate throughput in downlink shared channel systems depends on statistical distribution of rates in cell Substantial gains over 3G and 3G Evolution systems 17

18 Broadband MIMO-OFDM Demonstrator Gateway Prototype Set -up Real -Time IP Apps (video) Video,file server Internet Non -Real Time IP Apps (ftp) Over air 37 Mbps 1 MAC/L2 Controller PHY/L1 MIMO -OFDM Air Interface Multi -Beam Antenna with Dual Polarization 2 Laptop -sized 4 - Antenna Prototype PHY/L1 3 4 MIMO -OFDM Air Interface MAC/L2 Controller L2 Controller Node -B UE Technology proof-point working in Lab MIMO-OFDM RF test-bed validates performance Over-the-air demonstration 18

19 Advanced Wireless Access Standards WiMax is a vendor forum contributing to: - Support IEEE standard - Propose and promote access profiles for IEEE Certify interoperability levels to enable larger markets Participation involving over 45 members 80216d will capture the system profiles promoted by WiMax 80216e lays the basis for a mobile system definition Nortel IPR in several aspects of Coding and Spatial processing definitions is emerging as a likely vehicle for definition of a wide area access based on OFDM 19

20 UMTS Radio Evolution > Where this technology fits in the radio evolution roadmap Standards Release 99 UMTS Commercial 3G Available today Release 5 HSDPA Downlink improvement 5x throughput 3Q 2005 Release 6 HSUPA Uplink improvement MIMO-WCDMA 2x Throughput Beyond MIMO-OFDM Turbo-HSDPA New technology Downlink improvement OFDM UP Uplink Availability improvement depending on standards evolution MIMO-OFDM is a migration technology proposed for UMTS 20

21 CDMA Radio Evolution > Where this technology fits in the radio evolution roadmap Standards MTX 10 CDMA2000 1x Commercial 3G Available today MTX 11 EV-DO Rev 0 16x Downlink improvement 3x thruput improvement Available today MTX14 EV-DO Rev A Uplink & downlink improvement QoS Multicasting Beyond EV-DO Rev B MIMO-OFDM New technology Downlink improvement Uplink improvement Availability depending on standards evolution MIMO-OFDM is a migration technology being proposed for CDMA 21

22 B3G Networks & Services B3G Wireless Networks will be heterogeneous different radio s/physical layers served by one core networks Ambient Awareness expected to drive new services Always best connected Need to re-think network protocols and services Adaptive operation is the key 22

23 B3G Protocol Evolution 25G/3G Services PSTN GSM/ GPRS IP 3G Access Network 25G/3G Radio service feature modules B3G Services Security QoS VPN Uniform service API (Internet+) Unified IP-based mobile network Content Delivery generic network API Low-tier services IP WPAN network layer (eg Bluetooth) WPAN radio WLAN Services Mobile Service Middleware IP Ethernet Radio Generic Radio Access Network 3G/4G Radio WLAN radio uniform radio API s WPAN/low -tier radio Today s Wireless Systems The Future 23

24 Table of Contents Beyond 3G System Challenges Next Generation Technologies Impact of Technologies on System Performance The Un-wiring of the Future 24

25 Ad Hoc and Peer-to-Peer Technologies New networking and communications technologies can add a new dimension to the Wireless Internet Ad Hoc Networking allows nodes to be organized on the fly, without operator intervention Core network components can discover, identify and configure themselves automatically, giving the network inherent flexibility and survivability and reducing the operator s operational costs Adding ad hoc routing to the mobile devices allows them to hop through their neighbors, reducing the number of base stations required to cover a given area Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Communications uses the mobile devices themselves to implement and manage many basic services, without the use of network-based servers and applications P2P offloads the core network, allowing the operator to concentrate on high-value services, such as multimedia content and m-commerce 25

26 Wireless Mesh Network 7200 Architecture AAA Service Optivity NMS DHCP Service Border Gateway Internet at large Policy Service NOSS Subscriber Mgmt Service Enterprise / ISP Backbone Network Firewall, NAT, etc AP 7220 WG 7250 WG 7250 CAN NAP-R Enterprise / ISP / Metro Distribution Network NAP-R NAP-R Wireless Mesh Network products WMN software additions only Non-WMN elements CAN AP 7220 AP CAN NAP-R NMS NOSS WG = Wireless Access Point = Community Area Network = Network Access Point Router = Network Management System = Network Operations & Support Services = Wireless Gateway AP CAN

27 Sensor Networks > Sensor networks connect people and applications to the physical world > Data from sensors provides specific information about conditions and events, allowing better decisions to be made more quickly Wireless Network eg 3G, WLAN Wireless Gateway Sensor network management systems IP Packet Network Sensor services/ applications Sensor Network Sensor field Sensor Gateway > Individual sensors are typically small, lowcost, low-power devices Sensor networks and gateways collect the data locally and deliver it to remote users > Wireless networks can provide a convenient means to connect sensor networks with their applications 27

28 The Un-Wiring of the Future Mobility / WWAN A Million nodes Nomadic / Mesh / WLAN Millions of Nodes Sensor / Ad-hoc / WPAN Billions of Nodes connected through the Wireless 28 Packet Network

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