EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI MONITORING NETWORK CURRENT AND FUTURE PROGRAMMES
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1 EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI MONITORING NETWORK CURRENT AND FUTURE PROGRAMMES Mohd Rosaidi bin Che Abas Geophysics & Tsunami Division Malaysian Meteorological Department Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation FORUM RISIKO GEMPA BUMI DAN TSUNAMI DI MALAYSIA Pusat Konvensyen Antarabangsa Putrajaya (PICC) PUTRAJAYA
2 PUBLIC FOCUS EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING DELIVERY SYSTEM RISK KNOWLEDGE MONITORING & WARNING SYSTEM COMMUNICATION & DISSEMINATION RESPONSE CAPACITY
3 Eurasian Plate Philippines Sea plate moves westward and subducts under the Philippines with velocity 7cm/year Indo-Australian plate moves northeast ward and subducts under the Sumatra with velocity of 7cm/year 70mm/year Major tectonic plates around Malaysia
4 Peninsular is close to Sumatran fault and Sumatran Subduction zone Distribution of earthquakes felt in Peninsular Sumatran fault Sumatran Subduction zone Indo-Australian plate subducts under the Sumatra Strong earthquakes originating from the Sumatran Subduction Zone and strong to moderate earthquakes in the Sumatran Fault frequently felt and did create considerably ground motion over western part of Peninsular
5 Philippine Sea plate moves westward and subducts under the Philippine - several trenches have been generated by the movement of the Philippine Sea Plate - micro faults in Sabah and Sarawak also could be generated by the movement of the Philippine Sea Plate
6 Distribution of Earthquakes Felt In Sabah and Sarawak - Strong earthquakes located over Southern Philippines and in the Straits of Macassar, Sulu Sea and Celebes Sea occasionally felt in Sabah. - Local earthquakes in Sabah and Sarawak appear to be related to these micro faults
7 The 1985 Michoacan Earthquake (M s = 8.1) The earthquake caused considerable destruction and loss of life in Mexico City, about 350 km from the EQ epicenter. The 2001 Gujarat Earthquake (M = 7.9) About 100 buildings in the city of Ahmedabad which is located about 300km from the epicenter experienced severe damage. Large earthquakes are known to be capable of causing severe damage to cities several hundred kilometers away.
8
9 The 2 nd International Round Table Dialogue on Earthquake and Tsunami Hazards and Risks in the Southeast Asia, South China Sea and Western Pacific Marginal Sea Region October 6-8, 2008, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, South China Sea Tsunami Workshop 3 (SCSTW3), November 2009, MALAYSIA
10 MALAYSIAN NATIONAL TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING SYSTEM (MNTEWS) SYSTEM OVERVIEW Data & Information Collection Component Processing Component Dissemination Component National Seismic Network Buoy Network Tide Gauge Network Coastal Camera Network Linkage Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre (PTWC) / Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) / Others Data Communication Tsunami Operating Centre Integration Analysis Modeling Decision Making Dissemination Component SMS Telefax Webcast Siren / PA Fixed Line Alert System TM Media Broadcast
11 NASIONAL SEISMIC NETWORK MEASAT 17 seismic stations installed in 2009 Broadband Short-period CTBTO Malaysia is already contributing real-time waveform data from its 7 broadband stations for regional and international exchange
12 Nasional Seismic Network Regional and International Seismic Network 17 stations VSAT VSAT Indonesian Seismic Stations link to MNTEWS through VSAT - 9 MNTEWS Internet International Seismic Stations link through internet - 25
13 TIDE GAUGE NETWORK Porto Malai Pulau Perak Layang-layang Teluk Bahang Pulau Perhentian Kudat Sandakan Kota Kinabalu Pulau Sembilan Kuala Terengganu Labuan Miri Lahad Datu One Fathom Bank Tanjung Keling Sibu Bintulu Tawau Semporna Tanjung Gelang Pulau Tioman LEGEND : Existing tide gauge - 6 Additional Tide Gauge - 15
14 Existing tide gauge - 6 Additional Tide Gauge - 15 Normal mode - transmit to MTEWC every hour through INMARSAT. Tsunami mode - transmitting every minute. - Replacing Inmarsat communication with VSAT communication. - Normal mode every 1 hour to every 15 minutes (tsunami mode - every 1 minute) MNTEWS MMD has also monitor the sea level at 37 sites in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean
15 BUOY NETWORK Next: Sulu Sea Pulau Rondo,Indonesia - installed 30 Dec 2005 Pulau Layang-Layang - installed 7 March 2006
16 Normal mode - 1 hour Tsunami mode - 15 seconds International Buoy - 17
17 COASTAL CAMERA NETWORK Pantai Chenang Batu Feringgi Pasir Panjang Kuala Muda
18 Coastal Camera Network - enhamcement Pantai Chenang Kuala Muda 4 Coastal Cameras Pantai Chenang Kuala Muda (adding 14 become 18 Coastal Cameras) Batu Feringgi Kudat Pasir Panjang Batu Feringgi Pasir Panjang Kota Kinabalu Sandakan Labuan Tawau Kuala Terengganu Miri Pulau Pangkor Teluk Cempedak Bintulu Pulau Ketam Pulau Tioman Sibu Semporna LEGEND : Existing Coastal Camera - 4 Proposed Under Addi installation tional l Coastal Camera -14
19 LINKAGE TO PWTC/JMA
20 MNTEWS PROCESSING COMPONENT TSUNAMI MODELLING Calculated Tsunami Travel Times (EQ 26 Dec 2004) - each curve represents 30 minutes of tsunami travel time -hit Indonesia in 15 minutes, Sri Lanka in 2 hrs and Kenya in 9 hrs after the EQ 20
21 Tsunami Modeling & Database Source Points: Sunda trench and Makran trench (M w ) Distance interval SP Strike set parallel to Sunda trench axis Total Scenarios = 9740 Distance interval SP Strike set parallel to Makran trench axis Total Scenarios = 1560 Grand Total (Sunda + Makran) = points
22 Coastal Points (99 points) - Bathymetry water depth ~ 1 m Source Points: Sunda trench and Makran trench Forecast Points (99 points) - Bathymetry water depth ~ 50 m
23 In Progress and Future Plan In progress Future Plan 9740 Scenarios Source Points: Distance interval SP Strike set parallel to the trench axis Total scenarios = (In Progress + Future Plan) Estimated total scenarios = 31700
24 Future Plan Coastal Points (73 points) - Bathymetry water depth ~ 50 m Forecast Points (99 points) - Bathymetry water depth ~ 50 m Forecast Points (73 points) - Bathymetry water depth ~ 50 m
25 Dissemination Earthquake Information and Tsunami Alert/Warning ==> via various channels such as - SMS (SMS is used as an early alert on earthquake information and tsunami warning to relevant personnel and agencies) - Hotline (a hotline channel is used to communicate directly between MNTEWC and National Television) - Fixed line (whenever necessary) and Telefax - Website - Crawlers (in the case of felt earthquake, or tsunami) - Fixed Line Alert System (FLASH) (ensure the warnings to evacuate reach the communities) - Mini studio at MNTEWC - Tsunami Siren (in the case of evacuation is necessary)
26 Dissemination System MNTEWS - DISSEMINATION Warning System Public SMS ADVISORY Hotline Radio&Television WARNING SIREN Fax Fixed Line Line Telephone (Fixed Line Line Alert System) MMD Web
27 Tsunami Siren Network - at strategic locations along the coastline areas Pantai Chenang Kuala Teriang 13 Tsunami Siren Warning Tg.Bunggah Batu Feringgi Teluk Bahang Kuala Kedah Kg. Kuala Sg. Muda Pasir Panjang Kual a Kurau Sandakan Teluk Chempedak Semporna Tawau
28 Pantai Chenang Tg.Bunggah Batu Feringgi Teluk Bahang Ku ala Ter iang Kuala Kedah Kg. Kuala Sg. Muda 13 Tsunami Siren Warning Pasir Panjang Kual a Kurau Sandakan Teluk Chempedak Semporna Tawau Pantai Chenang Kuala Teriang Kuala Kedah Tg. Bunggah Batu Feringgi Kg. Kuala Sg. Muda Teluk Bahang (adding 10 become 23 Tsunami Sirens) Pasir Panjang Kuala Kurau Kudat Kota Kinabalu Sandakan Lahad Datu Pulau Pangkor Pulau Ketam Kuala Terengganu Teluk Cempedak Pulau Tioman Labuan Miri Kunak Tawau Semporna LEGEND : Existing Siren - 13 Proposed (under installation) additional sirens - 10
29 FIXED LINE ALERT SYSTEM (FLAS)
30 Public Awareness Several public awareness campaigns have been carried out at selected high risk areas in the 2007 and The awareness campaigns will be continued in the year Tsunami Drill Tsunami drills have been carried out: - at Tuaran, Sabah in the year 2006 (Pacific Wave 2006) - at Langkawi, Kedah in the year Tsunami drill has been planned for the year October 2009 (Indian Ocean Wave 2009)
31 FUTURE PROGRAMMES Regional Tsunami Watch Provider (RTWP) National Seismic and Tsunami Research Centre Installation of 25 strong motion stations
32 Regional Tsunami Watch Provider (RTWP) The IOC 23 rd Assembly decided, by Resolution XXIII-12, to create the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System (IOTWS) - progress in establishing tsunami warning centres - the interim coverage for tsunami advisory information provided to the Indian Ocean region by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre (PTWC) and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) - the work in progress towards developing Regional Tsunami Watch Providers (RTWPs) capability including Australia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand/ADPC, and Iran
33 National Seismic and Tsunami Research Centre Objectives : - to conduct seismic and tsunami research in Malaysia and its surrounding region
34 Installation of 25 strong motion stations 10 stations along the west coast of Pen. M sia,, 15 stations in Sabah priority will be given in western and central Pen. M sia,, central and eastern Sabah
35 THE END THANK YOU
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