The Baby Boomers. A profile of Manitoba s new generation of seniors
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1 The Baby Boomers A profile of Manitoba s new generation of seniors August 2011
2 Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba The Centre on Aging, established on July 1, 1982, is a university-wide research centre with a mandate to conduct, encourage, integrate, and disseminate research on all aspects of aging. For further information, contact: Centre on Aging 338 Isbister Building University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 2N2 Phone: Fax: aging@umanitoba.ca Web Site: Photo credits: Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba. For permission to reproduce the photos, contact aging@umanitoba.ca 2011 Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba
3 The Baby Boomers A profile of Manitoba s new generation of seniors
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5 Table of contents Section 1: Demographics...3 Trends by age groups... 4 Immigration... 5 Section 2: Lifelong learning...7 Educational attainment... 8 Job-related training Section 3: The older worker...13 Age composition of the work force Retirement Retirement planning Section 4: Volunteering and charitable giving...23 Volunteering Charitable giving Section 5: Financial well-being...33 How baby boomers spend their money Section 6: Social connections and leisure activity...41 Living arrangements Social networks Leisure activities Section 7: Support and caring...51 Caregiving to seniors Section 8: Health status...57 Causes of death Self-rated health Chronic health conditions Self-rated mental health Appendix A: Full data sources for charts and tables.65
6 List of figures Figure 1: Population in selected age groups, Manitoba, Figure 2: Highest level of education by age group, Manitoba, Figure 3: Highest level of education, age and age and over by gender, Manitoba, Figure 4: Percent of employed persons who took job-related training in past year, Manitoba, Figure 5: Proportion of workers with unmet training wants or needs by age group, Manitoba, Figure 6: Employment rates in selected age groups by gender, Manitoba, 2001 and Figure 7: Employment status in selected age groups by gender, Manitoba, Figure 8: Age of first retirement among retirees aged 45 and over, Manitoba, Figure 9: Age group of planned retirement among Manitobans age 45 to 64 not yet retired, Manitoba, Figure 10: Volunteer vs. non-volunteer status among Manitobans aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, Figure 11: Activities in which Manitoba volunteers most often engage by age group, Manitoba, Figure 12: Proportions of Manitobans who did or did not make a charitable donation in selected age groups and by gender, Manitoba, Figure 13: Income groups, population aged 55 to 64 and over by gender, Manitoba, Figure 14: Spending patterns of Manitobans aged 45 and over in select age groups in one-person households by gender, Manitoba, Figure 15: Spending patterns of Manitobans aged 45 and over in select age groups in multiple person households by gender, Manitoba, Figure 16: Proportion of individuals reporting relatives living in the same city or region in selected age groups by gender, Manitoba, Figure 17: Contact with relatives at least weekly in selected age groups by gender, Manitoba, iv Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba
7 Figure 18: Contact with friends at least weekly in selected age groups by gender, Manitoba, Figure 19: Leisure physical activities index, population aged 45 to 64 by gender, and population in selected age groups, Manitoba, Figure 20: BMI classification, population in selected age groups by gender, Manitoba, Figure 21: Relationship of senior (care receiver) to caregiver among caregivers age 45 to 64, Manitoba, Figure 22: Proportion of caregivers age 45 to 64 performing specific tasks by gender, Manitoba, Figure 23: Self-rated health by gender in selected age groups, Manitoba, Figure 24: Diagnosed chronic health conditions in selected age groups by gender, Manitoba, The Baby Boomers A profile of Manitoba s new generation of seniors v
8 List of tables Table 1: Immigrant status and period of immigration for individuals less than 65 years of age, Manitoba, Table 2: Place of birth of immigrant population aged by gender, and in selected age groups, Manitoba, Table 3: Major source of income among retired individuals aged 45 and over in selected age groups and by gender, Manitoba, Table 4: Reasons for retirement among retired individuals aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, Table 5: Activities done in the past five years in preparation for retirement among not retired Manitobans aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, Table 6: Financial planning in the past five years among not retired Manitobans aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, Table 7: Government sources of information about retirement planning and programs among not retired Manitobans aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, Table 8: Total and average number of hours spent volunteering by age group and gender, Manitoba, Table 9: Most popular domains among those who volunteer by age group and gender, Manitoba, Table 10: Reasons for volunteering among those who volunteer and reasons for not volunteering among those who did not volunteer by age group, Manitoba, Table 11: Dollars given in charitable donations by age group and gender, Manitoba, Table 12: Total amount of donations (in millions) and average annual donation per giver by age group and gender, Manitoba, Table 13: Reasons for giving among individuals who made a charitable donation by age group and gender, Manitoba, Table 14: Income groups, population in selected age groups, Manitoba, Table 15: Income levels by type of household among Manitobans aged 45 and over, Manitoba, Table 16: Household living arrangements for population living in privates homes aged 45 to 64 by gender, and in selected age groups, Manitoba, vi Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba
9 Table 17: Participation in physical leisure activities, population aged 45 to 64 by gender, and population in selected age groups, Manitoba, Table 18: Profile of caregivers and non-caregivers aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, Table 19: Percent of caregivers age 45 to 64 reporting selected consequences of providing care by gender, Manitoba, Table 20: Leading causes of death (ICD-10 diagnostic categories) in selected age groups by gender, Canada, Table 21: Self-rated health, population aged 45 to 64 by gender and in selected age groups, Manitoba, Table 22: Diagnosed chronic health conditions by gender and age groups, Manitoba, Table 23: Self-rated mental health status population aged 45 to 64 by gender and in selected age groups, Manitoba, The Baby Boomers A profile of Manitoba s new generation of seniors vii
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11 Introduction Much discussion has arisen around the bulge in the current population referred to as the baby boomers. Baby boomers are those individuals born between 1946 and 1964; 2011 marks the year that the first of the baby boomers turn 65 years of age. Questions of social concern have naturally arisen, such as how to deal with the financial strain of burgeoning healthcare needs and how best to anticipate changes in the job-market as a large portion of the population consider retirement. This report has been compiled to help create a picture of the baby-boomers today and by doing so, better understand what they, as a group, may be like in years to come. The report focuses on Manitobans between the ages of 45 and 64. In some sections, comparisons are made between those 45 to 54 years of age and those 55 to 64 years of age and in a few cases those aged 65 and over. The 2010 Profile of Manitoba s Seniors provides detailed information on individuals in Manitoba aged 65 and over. Baby boomer generation Baby boomers turn 65 and begin to retire
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13 Section 1: Demographics 1 Spotlight SS In 2006, there were 171,570 Manitobans aged 45 to 54 and 125,480 individuals aged 55 to 64 representing 14.9% and 10% of the population respectively. SS As the baby boomers age, the number of individuals aged 65 and over will increase from 161,885 in 2006 to 332,700 in SS In 2006, one in five Manitobans aged 55 to 64 (19.6%) were immigrants to the province. SS About one-third of Manitoban immigrants aged 45 to 64 came from Asia (32.3%); 18.1% were born in the Philippines. SS The proportion of immigrants from Central and South America is highest among those immigrants aged 45 to 54 (12.7%).
14 Section 1: Demographics Trends by age groups There has been a steady growth in the number of individuals aged and from 1996 to 2011 (Figure 1). The number of individuals aged 45 to 54 grew from 132,725 in 1996 to 183,200 in Similarly, the number of Manitobans aged 55 to 64 increased from 90,780 in 1996 to 151,200 in As these individuals from the baby boom generation age, the number of 65 to 74 year olds and 75 to 84 years olds will steadily increase. Specifically in 2006, there were 78,930 Manitobans aged 65 to 74 representing 6.9% of the population. The number of 65 to 74 year olds by 2031 is projected to increase to 161,300 accounting for 10.8% of the population. The aging of the baby boom generation is even more evident in the continual growth of the proportion of Manitobans aged 75 to 84. Between 2006 and 2021, the proportion in this age group remains fairly consistent at about 5% of the total population. However, by 2036, the number of Manitobans aged 75 to 84 is projected to reach 124,800, slightly more than double the number in this age group in 2006 of 59,045. Figure 1: Population in selected age groups, Manitoba, Population in thousands By 2036, the number of 150 Manitobans aged 75 to 84 is projected to reach 124, Sources: Statistics Canada, Censuses of Canada; Population Projections for Canada, Provinces and Territories, Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba
15 Immigration Immigration The majority of immigrants who are now aged 65 and over came to Manitoba before 1991; few immigrant seniors have arrived in Manitoba since However, current immigration patterns may have some impact on baby boomers as they age. In 2006, one in five Manitobans age 55 to 64 (19.6%) were immigrants to the province (Table 1). As with those immigrants aged 65 and over, the majority of immigrants in this age group came to Canada before Table 1: Immigrant status and period of immigration for individuals less than 65 years of age, Manitoba, 2006 Period of Immigration Age less than 45 Age 45 to 54 Age 55 to 64 Age 65 and over Before to to to Non immigrant Non permanent resident Total immigrants Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Canada. Of the Asian immigrants to Manitoba, age 45 to 64, 18.1% of these individuals were born in the Philippines. Of more importance is where these immigrants have come from. About one-third of Manitoba immigrants age 45 to 64 came from Asia (32.3%); 18.1% of these individuals were born in the Philippines (Table 2). One in five immigrant women aged was born in the Philippines. This is in sharp contrast to immigrants aged 65 and over where only 15.4% came from Asia. The majority of immigrants aged 65 and over came from Eastern Europe, Northern and Western Europe, or the United Kingdom. The proportion of immigrants from Central and South America is highest among those immigrants aged 45 to 54 (12.7%) compared to immigrants age 55 to 64 (8.3%) and 65 and over (3.4%). The Baby Boomers A profile of Manitoba s new generation of seniors 5
16 Section 1: Demographics Table 2: Place of birth of immigrant population aged by gender, and in selected age groups, Manitoba, 2006 Percent (%) of immigrant population Percent (%) aged 45 to 64 Percent (%) of age group Place of birth Total Men Women Eastern Europe Northern and Western Europe United Kingdom Philippines Asia Southern Europe United States Central and South America Africa, Caribbean, Bermuda, West Central Asia, Middle East, Oceania, and Other 2 " Asia includes Eastern Asia (e.g., China), Southeast Asia (excluding Philippines), and Southern Asia (e.g., India). West Central Asia is not included here as Statistics Canada provides data for West Central Asia and Middle East as one category. 2 Other includes Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelone, the category other country as well as immigrants born in Canada. Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Canada 6 Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba
17 Section 2: Lifelong learning 2 Spotlight SS Over 50% of individuals aged 45 to 64 have completed some post-secondary education. SS For workers aged 55 to 64, 42.7% of those with a university degree participated in job-related training compared to 11.9% of those with less than a high school education. SS For workers aged 55 to 64, 27.4% who took job-related training indicated there was still education/training they wanted/ needed to take.
18 Section 2: Lifelong learning Educational attainment The baby boomers achieved greater levels of education than previous generations (Figure 2). Over 50% of individuals in both the 45 to 54 and 55 to 64 age groups have completed some post-secondary education as opposed to 33% of individuals 65 and over who went beyond high school. Figure 2: Highest level of education by age group, Manitoba, Over 50% of individuals aged 45 to 64 have completed some postsecondary education 70 University certificate, diploma or degree 60 College, GEGEP or other nonuniversity certificate or diploma 50 Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 40 High school certificate or 30 equivalent No certificate, t diploma or degree Age Age Age 65 and over Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Canada 8 Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba
19 Educational attainment There are very few differences in levels of education between men and women aged 45 to 54 and aged 55 to 64 (Figure 3). Men aged 55 to 64 (24%) and women aged 45 to 54 (23.6%) were the most likely to have obtained a university certificate, diploma or degree. This is in contrast to those aged 65 and over, where men were more likely to have obtained a university than women. Figure 3: Highest level of education, age and age and over by gender, Manitoba, 2006 Age Age Age Age Men Women No certificate, diploma or degree High school certificate or equivalent Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma College, GEGEP or other non university certificate or diploma University certificate, diploma or degree Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Canada The Baby Boomers A profile of Manitoba s new generation of seniors 9
20 Section 2: Lifelong learning Job-related training With baby boomers aging, it is important to examine formal and informal job-related training taken by those aged 45 to 64. Just over one-quarter (26.9%) of Manitoban workers aged 55 to 64 participated in formal, job-related training in 2002 compared to 36.6% of workers aged 45 to 54 (Figure 4). A larger proportion of women aged 45 to 54 participated in training than men (41.7% versus 31.9%). Men and women aged 55 to 64 were similar in their likelihood of taking job-related training (27.2% versus 26.6%). Among workers both 45 to 54 and 55 to 64, the likelihood of taking job-related training is associated with higher levels of education. Among workers, aged 45 to 54, over half (58.3%) of those with a university degree took training in the past year compared with 18.4% of those with less than high school. This trend is also true for workers aged 55 to 64; 42.7% of workers in this age group with a university degree participated in training compared to 11.9% with less than high school. Figure 4: Percent of employed persons who took job-related training in past year, Manitoba, 2002 Age 25 to 34 Age 35 to 44 Age 45 to 54 Age 55 to Workers between the ages of 45 to 64, with a university degree, were more likely to participate in job-related training compared to those with less than a high school education Men 45 to 54 Men 55 to 64 Women 45 to 54 Women 55 to 64 Age 45 to 54 Less than high school High school Diploma or certificate University degree Age 55 to 64 Less than high school High school Diploma or certificate University degree Percentage of employed persons Source: Statistics Canada, Adult Education and Training Survey, Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba
21 Job-related training Overall, 29% of working Manitobans reported there was jobrelated training they wanted/needed to take but did not take (Figure 5). Workers aged 45 to 54 reported considerably more unmet training wants and needs than those workers aged 55 to 64 (24.3% versus 14.3%). Of those reporting unmet training wants or needs, those who had participated in job-related training in the past year were more likely to indicate that there was education/training that they wanted or needed to take but had not taken than workers who had not participated in any job-related training in the past year (35.2% versus 25.2%). This was particularly true among workers aged 55 to 64; 27.4% of workers in this age group who had taken job-related training in the past year indicated that there was still education/training that they wanted/needed to take compared to 9.5% of workers in this age group who had not taken any training in the past year. Figure 5: Proportion of workers with unmet training wants or needs by age group, Manitoba, 2002 Percent (%) % of workers aged 55 to 64 who had taken jobrelated training indicated there was still education/ training they wanted or needed to take All ages Total Training Participant Non-training Participant Source: Statistics Canada, Adult Education and Training Survey, The Baby Boomers A profile of Manitoba s new generation of seniors 11
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23 Section 3: The older worker 3 Spotlight SS Of the 577,695 Manitobans employed in 2006, 38% were between the ages of 45 and 64. SS Among working Manitobans aged 55 to 64, 31.7% of women worked part-time jobs compared to 12.5% of men. SS About one-fifth (22%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 were retirees compared to 87.5% of Manitobans aged 65 and over. SS Men were more likely to re-enter the workforce after retirement than women (18.7% vs. 8.8%). SS The major source of income for retired individuals aged 45 to 64 was retirement pensions (40.1%) followed by employment/ self-employment income (30.6%). SS The most common reasons for retirement among Manitoba retirees aged 45 to 64 were the desire to stop working (69.6%), adequate retirement income (53.1%), and wishing to pursue hobbies or other activities (50.2%).
24 Section 3: The older worker Age composition of the work force The information presented here focuses only on those individuals in the work force who are currently working. There were 577,695 employed Manitobans in Of these, 219,675 (38%) were between the ages of 45 and 64. Figure 6 illustrates the employment rates (proportion of age group that is currently working) by age group and by gender among Manitobans aged 45 and over. An increasing proportion of Manitobans aged 55 to 64 are working. This is especially evident amongst women aged 55 to 64, where the percentage of women employed increased from 48.5% in 2001 to 55.5% in The employment rates among both employed men and women aged 45 to 54 remained fairly consistent between 2001 and Figure 6: Employment rates in selected age groups by gender, Manitoba, 2001 and 2006 Percent (%) An increased proportion of women (55%) aged 55 to 64 were working in 2006 compared to 48.5% in Men Women 45 to to and over Sources: Statistics Canada, 2001 and 2006 Census of Canada. 14 Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba
25 Age composition of the work force In 2005, the majority of Manitobans aged 45 to 54 (87.4%) and 55 to 64 (78.6%) were still working full-time jobs (Figure 7). Manitobans aged 65 and over were more evenly split between full and part-time jobs (55.2% vs. 44.8% respectively). Women in all age groups were more likely to be working parttime jobs compared to men. This gap is particularly true in the 55 to 64 age group, where 31.7% of women are working in parttime jobs compared to 12.5% of men. Figure 7: Employment status in selected age groups by gender, Manitoba, 2005 Percent (%) 31.7% of women aged 55 to 64 are working part time jobs compared to 12.5% of men Total Men Women 54.6 Mostly full time Mostly part time Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Canada The Baby Boomers A profile of Manitoba s new generation of seniors 15
26 Section 3: The older worker Retirement According to the 2007 General Social Survey conducted by Statistics Canada with individuals aged 45 and over, 43.6% of Manitobans aged 45 or over had retired from a job or business at least once (referred to as retirees). About one-fifth (22%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 were retirees compared to 87.5% of Manitobans aged 65 and over. Nearly 30% of retired Manitobans first retired between the ages of 55 and 59 Figure 8 shows the age of first retirement among retirees aged 45 and over. The majority of Manitoba retirees aged 45 and over first retired between the ages of 55 and 59 (29.8%). This was true for both men and women. A larger proportion of male retirees said they first retired at age 65 or older compared to female retirees (24.3% vs. 12.6%). Figure 8: Age of first retirement among retirees aged 45 and over, Manitoba, 2007 Percent (%) < and over Total Men Women Source: Statistics Canada, 2007 General Social Survey. 16 Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba
27 Retirement Men aged 45 and over, who retired at least once, were more likely to reenter the workforce after retirement than women (18.7% vs 8.8%) Given the large proportion of retirees who retired before age 60, it is important to examine whether these individuals returned to the workforce after their first retirement. Overall, among Manitobans aged 45 and over who had retired at least once, 13.4% indicated that their main activity in the past 12 months prior to the survey was working at a paid job or business. In other words, these individuals re-entered the workforce. Men were more likely to re-enter the workforce after retirement than women (18.7% vs. 8.8%). Furthermore, looking at only those 45 to 64 years of age who had retired at least once, 29.7% indicated that their main activity in the 12 months prior to the survey was working at a paid job or business. Men were more likely to re-enter the workforce after retirement than women (39.0% vs. 21.2%). Among those aged 45 to 64 who returned to work, 34.2% were between the ages of 55 to 59 at the time of first retirement. Another 34.1% of individuals who had ever retired and returned to the workforce had first retired before the age of 50. Before turning to reasons for retirement, major source of income of retirees aged 45 and over is examined. Differences between retirees aged 45 to 64 and 65 and over as well as gender differences are highlighted (Table 3). Over one-third (37.3%) of Manitobans aged 45 and over who retired at least once indicated that retirement pensions were their major source of income, this was followed by benefits from Canadian Pension Plan (CPP)/Quebec Pension Plan (QPP) (18.9%). Among individuals aged 45 to 64, 40.1% indicated retirement pensions were the major source of income followed by employment/self-employment income (30.6%). This is not surprising given that 29.7% of those 45 to 64 who had retired had returned to the work force. Among retirees aged 65 and over, 35.7% said retirement pensions was their major source of income followed by CPP/ QPP benefits (24.7%) and Old Age Security (OAS) (20.1%). There is little difference between men and women retirees aged 45 to 64 in terms of major source of income. However, 26.4% of female retirees aged 65 and over said OAS was their major source of income compared to 12.9% of male retirees aged 65 and over. The Baby Boomers A profile of Manitoba s new generation of seniors 17
28 Section 3: The older worker Table 3: Major source of income among retired individuals aged 45 and over in selected age groups and by gender, Manitoba, 2007 Major source of income Percent (%) of retired individuals Percent (%) of retired men Percent (%) of retired women Age Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities Employment/selfemployment income RRIFs/investment income (e.g., stocks, bonds) Benefits from Canada/ Quebec Pension Plan (CPP/QPP) Guaranteed Income Supplement/Survivor s Allowance/Provincial or municipal social assistance Old Age Security (OAS) 12.9 NA 20.1 NA 12.9 NA 26.4 Other Source: Statistics Canada, 2007 General Social Survey. 18 Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba
29 Retirement Next we turn to reasons for retirement among Manitoba retirees aged 45 to 64. The most common reasons were the desire to stop working (69.6%), adequate retirement income (53.1%), and wishing to pursue hobbies or other activities (50.2%). Women were more likely than men to mention care of a family member and/or friend, while men were more likely to mention an early retirement plan. Table 4: Reasons for retirement among retired individuals aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, 2007 The most common reasons for retirement were wanting to stop working, having adequate retirement income, and wishing to pursue other activities/ hobbies Percent (%) of retired individuals aged Reasons for retirement* Total Men Women Wanted to stop working Adequate retirement income Wishing to pursue hobbies/ other activities Began working at an early age Early retirement plan Own health Work was too stressful/ physically demanding Job was downsized Care for family member/ friend *Respondents could give more than one response Source: Statistics Canada, 2007 General Social Survey. One quarter of Manitoba retirees aged 45 to 64 who retired to provide care to a family member or friend said this was the main reason for retiring Baby boomers are often referred to as the sandwich generation having both children and aging parents to care for. Among the 9% of Manitobans who said care of a family member and/or friend was a reason for retirement, onequarter (25.4%) said it was the main reason for retiring. In addition, over one third (37.5%) of these retirees had retired before age 50. The Baby Boomers A profile of Manitoba s new generation of seniors 19
30 Section 3: The older worker Retirement planning In 2007, over three-quarters (78%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 had never retired; 13% of these individuals indicated they did not plan to retire. There was little difference in the proportion of men and women who were not retired (78.8% vs. 77.2%) These individuals were asked a series of questions about retirement planning such as what age they planned to retire, activities in preparation of retirement, and financial planning for retirement. Among Manitobans aged 45 to 64 who were not yet retired, the mean age they planned to retire was 61 years of age. Very few of these individuals planned to retired between the ages of 50 and 54 (3.4%) or age 70 or over (3.4%) (Figure 9). Figure 9: Age group of planned retirement among Manitobans age 45 to 64 not yet retired, Manitoba, 2007 Percent of not retired (%) and over Age planning to retire Source: Statistics Canada, 2007 General Social Survey. 20 Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba
31 Retirement When asked what activities they had done over the past five years in preparation for retirement, the vast majority (90%) of not retired Manitobans aged 45 to 64 indicated that they had gathered retirement information (Table 5). Over a third (35.5%) had developed new leisure activities. About onequarter had increased their physical activity or changed the number of hours they were working (23.9% and 24.8% respectively). Table 5: Activities done in the past five years in preparation for retirement among not retired Manitobans aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, 2007 Did in the past five years in preparation for retirement: Percent (%) of never retired aged Gathered retirement information 90.0 Developed new leisure activities 35.5 Worked more or fewer hours 24.8 Increased physical activities 23.9 Got involved in volunteer activities 9.2 Source: Statistics Canada, 2007 General Social Survey. To prepare for retirement, 63% of Manitobans contributed to an RRSP and 58% paid off or avoided other debts In terms of financial planning in the past five years, most Manitobans aged 45 to 64 (63.3%) had contributed to a Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) and over one-half (58.3%) had paid off or avoided other debts (Table 6). Slightly over one-half of individuals in this group (53%) had private pension plans other than CPP. In addition, two-fifths of not retired Manitobans (40.6%) had paid off their mortgages or avoided getting new mortgages. Table 6: Financial planning in the past five years among not retired Manitobans aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, 2007 Financial planning in the past five years Percent (%) of never retired aged Contributed to RRSP 63.3 Paid off or avoided other debts 58.3 Have private pension plan other than CPP 53.0 Paid off mortgages or avoided getting new mortgages 40.6 Built up savings, excluding RRSP 37.8 Made other investments 35.7 Bought or sold real estate 20.1 The Baby Boomers A profile of Manitoba s new generation of seniors 21
32 Section 3: The older worker According to the 2007 General Social Survey, 80.4% of individuals aged 45 to 64 who were not retired preferred to receive retirement planning/program information from government via regular mail (Table 7). The second most frequently mentioned source of information was the Internet (55.6%) followed closely by a government service centre in the community (52.8%). Table 7: Government sources of information about retirement planning and programs among not retired Manitobans aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, 2007 Government sources of information about retirement planning/programs Percent (%) of never retired aged In the mail 80.4 On the Internet 55.6 Government service centre in community 52.8 Through the newspaper 41.9 From television 37.4 From the radio 30.7 By telephone 28.7 Source: Statistics Canada, 2007 General Social Survey. 22 Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba
33 Section 4: Volunteering and charitable giving 4 Spotlight SS Slightly over one-half (55%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 participated in unpaid volunteer activities. SS Men and women aged 45 to 54 volunteered 84 and 77 hours per year (respectively), while men and women aged 55 to 64 volunteered 67 and 100 hours per year (respectively). SS Of men aged 45 to 64, 44% were likely to be involved in cultural or recreational programs; women aged 45 to 64 were more likely than men to give their time to religious organizations, especially those aged 45 to 54 (38% vs. 29%). SS Reasons individuals aged 45 to 64 did not volunteer, were because they were unable to make a long-term commitment and did not have time. SS In 2006, 93% of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 made a charitable donation totaling roughly $172.3 million.
34 Section 4: Volunteering and charitable giving This section focuses only on those 45 to 64 years of age with comparisons between those 45 to 54 and those 55 to 64 as well as by gender. Information related to volunteering and charitable giving among Manitobans aged 65 and over can be found in Section 4 of the 2010 Profile of Manitoba s Seniors. Volunteering According to the 2007 Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (CSGVP), slightly over one-half (55%) of Manitobans aged participated in unpaid volunteer activities (Figure 10). This includes activities such as taking part in a group or organization in the 12 months period prior to the survey. Men were slightly more likely to volunteer than women in the 45 to 54 age groups, whereas women aged 55 to 64 were more likely to volunteer than men in this age group. Figure 10: Volunteer vs. non-volunteer status among Manitobans aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, 2007 Percent (%) 70 55% of Manitobans aged participated in unpaid volunteer activities Total Men Women Total Men Women Volunteer Non volunteer Source: Statistics Canada, Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (CSGVP), 2007, Public Use Microdata File. 24 Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba
35 Volunteering There was virtually no differences in the average number of hours per year spent volunteering between men and women aged 45 to 54 years of age (143 vs 142 hours respectively) (Table 8). Similarly, there was little difference between men aged 45 to 54 and men aged 55 to 64. On the other hand, women aged 55 to 64 spent an average of 178 hours per year in volunteer activities compared to 142 hours per year spent by women age 45 to 54. Per capita, men and women aged 45 to 54 volunteered 84 and 77 hours per year (respectively) while men and women aged 55 to 64 volunteered 67 and 100 hours per year (respectively). Table 8: Total and average number of hours spent volunteering by age group and gender, Manitoba, 2007 Total volunteer hours (in millions) for the 12 month period prior to survey Average hours per volunteer for the 12 month period prior to survey Men Women Men Women Source: Statistics Canada, Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (CSGVP), 2007, Public Use Microdata File. The Baby Boomers A profile of Manitoba s new generation of seniors 25
36 Section 4: Volunteering and charitable giving When volunteering, men were more likely to be involved in cultural or recreational programs, while women were more likely to give their time to religious organizations Individuals were asked to provide information on the organizations for which they volunteer. Among those aged 45 to 64, a majority of volunteers gave their time to cultural and recreational organizations, such as museums, zoos, and recreation clubs and fitness centres, as well as religious organizations, such as churches, synagogues, and temples (Table 9). Of these, men were over twice as likely (44%) to be involved in cultural or recreational programs than women (20%). Women were more likely than men to give their time to religious organizations, especially those aged 45 to 54 (38% vs. 29%). Table 9: Most popular domains among those who volunteer by age group and gender, Manitoba, 2007 Percent (%) aged Percent (%) aged Domains of volunteering Men Women Men Women Culture and recreation Religion Health/environment Social services Development and housing Education and research Other* Source: Statistics Canada, Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (CSGVP), 2007, Public Use Microdata File. 26 Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba
37 Volunteering Survey participants were also asked what kind of activities they did for these organizations. The two most frequently reported volunteer activities among volunteers aged 45 to 64 were canvassing/ fundraising (62%) and organizing/supervising/ coordinating activities (48%). Canvassing/fundraising was also the most frequently reported volunteer activity when examining those aged 45 to 54 and 55 to 64 separately (Figure 11). Among those 55 to 64, support/counsel/care in a hospital (47%) and unpaid member of a board/committee (44%) were reported more frequently than organizing/supervising/ coordinating activities (41%). Figure 11: Activities in which Manitoba volunteers most often engage by age group, Manitoba, 2007 Canvassing/Fundraising Organize/Supervise/Coordinate Activities Support/Counsel/Care in a Hospital Unpaid member of Board/Committee Teach/Educate/Mentor Collect/Serve/Deliver Food or Goods First Aid, Fire fighting/other Office work/administrative Volunteer Driving Maintain/Repair/Build Facilities Environmental Protection Coach/Referee/Officiate Source: Statistics Canada, Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (CSGVP), 2007, Public Use Microdata File. Volunteers in both age groups were most likely to volunteer to make a contribution to the community. This was followed by the opportunity to use your skills and experiences (Table 10). Those aged 55 to 64 were almost 10% more likely to volunteer to network with or meet people than those aged 45 to 54. The Baby Boomers A profile of Manitoba s new generation of seniors 27
38 Section 4: Volunteering and charitable giving The two most common reasons why non-volunteers aged 45 to 64 did not volunteer were unable to make a long-term commitment and did not have time. Those in the 55 to 64 age group were more likely to cite preferred to give money instead of time and had no interest than those aged 45 to 54 (62.8% vs. 48.1% and 36.1% vs. 21.9% respectively). Table 10: Reasons for volunteering among those who volunteer and reasons for not volunteering among those who did not volunteer by age group, Manitoba, 2007 Percent (%) of age group Reason for volunteering To make a contribution to the community To use your skills and experiences You or someone you know personally affected by the cause supported by organization/group To network with or meet people Your friends volunteer To explore own strengths To fulfill religious obligations or other beliefs Reasons Manitobans aged 45 to 64 did not volunteer were because they were unable to make a long-term commitment and did not have time Manitobans 55 to 64 who did not volunteer were more likely to cite that they preferred to give money or had no interest than those aged 45 to 54 Percent (%) of age group Reasons for not volunteering Unable to make a long term commitment Did not have the time Preferred to give money instead of time Had health problems or were physically unable No one asked you Had no interest Financial cost of volunteering Did not know how to get involved *These percentages do not add up to 100% as multiple responses were given. Source: Statistics Canada, Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (CSGVP), 2007, Public Use Microdata File. 28 Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba
39 Charitable giving Charitable giving According to the 2007 CSGVP, 93% of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 (283,558) made a charitable donation in the 12-month period prior to the survey, totaling roughly $172.3 million. Manitobans aged 55 to 64 were more likely to have made a charitable donation compared to those aged 45 to 54 (Figure 12). This was particularly true among men; 95% of men aged 55 to 64 made a charitable donation compared to 86% of men aged 45 to 54). Figure 12: Proportions of Manitobans who did or did not make a charitable donation in selected age groups and by gender, Manitoba, 2007 Percent (%) % of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 made charitable donations in 2006, totalling $172 million Total Men Women Total Men Women Source: Statistics Canada, Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (CSGVP), 2007, Public Use Microdata File. The Baby Boomers A profile of Manitoba s new generation of seniors 29
40 Section 4: Volunteering and charitable giving Overall, women aged 45 to 64 gave more on average than men aged 45 to 64 ($590 versus $520). However there was little difference between men and women aged 45 to 64 in terms of average donation ($472 vs. $490) (Table 11). On the other hand, women aged 55 to 64 gave on average $947 per year in donations compared to $580 for men in the same category. In 2007, Manitobans aged 45 to 64 gave more money per capita ($562) than Manitobans aged 34 to 44 ($428) or aged 25 to 34 ($389), and only slightly less than those aged 65 and over ($578). Table 11: Dollars given in charitable donations by age group and gender, Manitoba, 2007 Total donations (in millions) over the 12 months prior to the survey Average donation per giver over the 12 months prior to the survey Average donation per capita over the 12 months prior to the survey Men Women Men Women $36.1 $40.2 $35.6 $60.4 $472 $490 $580 $947 $407 $460 $551 $916 Source: Statistics Canada, Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (CSGVP), 2007, Public Use Microdata File. 30 Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba
41 Charitable giving Survey participants were also asked to what type of organization they gave a charitable donation. In Manitoba, both men and women aged 45 to 64 gave the vast majority of their donations to religious organizations (Table 12). Men in every category and each age group gave less than the women in the same category and age group. Table 12: Total amount of donations (in millions) and average annual donation per giver by age group and gender, Manitoba, Domains of charity Men Women Men Women Religion Total $ (in millions) per year $19.8 $20.2 $14.8 $27.2 Average $ per giver per year $538 $604 $501 $868 Education and research/ environmental protection/health Total $ (in millions) per year $7.2 $9.1 $10.2 $13.9 Average $ per giver per year $114 $127 $202 $249 Social services/development and housing Total $ (in millions) per year $3.9 $4.7 $3.1 $4.9 Average $ per giver per year $105 $110 $91 $158 Culture & recreation Total $ (in millions) per year $0.7 $0.9 $0.4 $1.0 Average $ per giver per year $74 $65 $55 $69 Other Total $ (in millions) per year $4.1 $5.0 $6.1 $6.4 Average $ per giver per year $141 $186 $253 $242 * Other includes Law, Advocacy & Politics; Philanthropic Intermediaries and Voluntarism Promotion; International; Business and Professional Associations and Unions; and Not Elsewhere Classified Source: Statistics Canada, Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (CSGVP), 2007, Public Use Microdata File. The Baby Boomers A profile of Manitoba s new generation of seniors 31
42 Section 4: Volunteering and charitable giving Belief in cause and compassion were the two most common reasons for making a charitable donation among both men and women in both age groups (Table 13). Men aged 45 to 54 (36.8%) were the most likely to indicate they made a donation because of a credit on income taxes. Women in both age groups were more likely than men to mention the reason for given was affected by cause. Table 13: Reasons for giving among individuals who made a charitable donation by age group and gender, Manitoba, 2007 Percent (%) of population aged Percent (%) of population aged Reasons for giving Total Men Women Total Men Women Affected by cause Credit on income taxes Religious obligations Belief in cause Compassion Contribute to community Source: Statistics Canada, Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (CSGVP), 2007, Public 32 Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba
43 Section 5: Financial well-being 5 Spotlight SS In 2005, the average annual income of Manitobans aged 45 to 54 was $41,512 and those aged 55 to 64 was $37,111. SS Women aged 55 to 64 had lower annual average incomes than men aged 45 to 64 ($27,165 vs. $47,072). SS Among Manitobans living in an economic family, 45.1% of those, where at least one person is aged 45 to 64, reported an annual income of $80,000 or more compared to 17.4% of those where at least one person is aged 65 and over. SS In 2007, Manitobans aged 45 to 64 living in one-person households had an average annual expenditure of $42,027, while the same age group living in multiple person households had an average annual expenditure of $83,550. SS Both Manitobans aged 45 to 64 and aged 65 and over spend the largest proportion on shelter costs, followed by food, and transportation.
44 Section 5: Financial well-being Total income at the individual level is first examined. In 2005, the average annual income of Manitobans aged 45 to 54 was $41, 512, while that of those aged 55 to 64 was $37,111 (Table 14). The average annual income of Manitobans aged 65 and over was $28,365. Individual incomes of less than $20,000 were reported by 28.6% of Manitobans aged 45 to 54 and 37.3% of those aged 55 to 64 compared to 48.4% of Manitobans aged 65 and over. The majority of Manitoba seniors reported annual incomes between $10,000 and $19,999 (40.7%); this is likely due to the benefits from Old Age Security (OAS) and the Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS) for this age group. Table 14: Income groups, population in selected age groups, Manitoba, 2005 Percent (%) of age group Total income Without income < $5, $5,000 $9, $10,000 $19, $20,000 $29, $30,000 $39, $40,000 $49, $50,000 $59, $60,000 $69, $70,000 $79, $80,000 And over Average income * $41,512 $37,111 $28,365 Median income * $34,601 $28,620 $20,605 * Average income is the weighted mean total income of individuals in the age group; median income divides the income distribution in half. Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Canada. 34 Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba
45 Charitable giving In 2005, women aged 55 to 64 had lower annual average incomes than men aged 45 to 64 ($27,165 vs. $47,072). Furthermore, women in this age group were almost two times more likely than men to have annual incomes of less than $10,000 (24.4% vs. 13.9% respectively) (Figure 13). On the other hand, 31.1% of men aged 55 to 64 had annual incomes of $50,000 or more compared to 12.6% of women aged 55 to 64. Figure 13: Income groups, population aged 55 to 64 and over by gender, Manitoba, 2005 Percent (%) Women aged 55 to 64 were more likely to have annual incomes of less than $10,000 than men (24.4% vs 13.9% respectively) < $10,000 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $29,999 $30,000 to $49,999 $50,000+ Men Women Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Canada The Baby Boomers A profile of Manitoba s new generation of seniors 35
46 Section 5: Financial well-being It is important to further examine income levels by type of household. In 2005, the average annual income of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 living alone was $34,574 compared to $27,563 among Manitobans aged 65 and over living alone (Table 15). Almost 20% of Manitobans aged living alone had annual incomes of less than $10,000 compared to 1.6% of Manitobans aged 65 and over. Once again, this reflects the fact that individuals aged 65 and over are eligible to receive Old Age Security and Guaranteed Income Supplement benefits. Over two-fifths (45.1%) of Manitobans living in an economic family where at least one person is aged 45 to 64 reported an annual income of $80,000 or more compared to 17.4% of Manitobans in an economic family where at least one person is aged 65 and over. Table 15: Income levels by type of household among Manitobans aged 45 and over, Manitoba, 2005 Type of household (%) Income group Persons living alone Persons living in an economic family < $10, $10,000 $14, $15,000 $19, $20,000 $29, $30,000 $39, $40,000 $49, $50,000 $59, $60,000 $69, $70,000 $79, $80,000 And over Average income * $34,574 $27,563 $86,522 $59,895 Median income * $29,361 $20,554 $74,287 $47,910 1 Economic family refers to a group of two or more persons living in the same dwelling (household) that are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Canada 36 Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba
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