TEGAN PASSALACQUA Enologo Turley Wine - California (Usa)

Transcription

1 ASSOCIAZIONE ENOLOGI ENOTECNICI ITALIANI ORGANIZZAZIONE NAZIONALE DI CATEGORIA DEI TECNICI DEL SETTORE VITIVINICOLO ASSOENOLOGI TEGAN PASSALACQUA Enologo Turley Wine - California (Usa)

2 Zinfandel in California Tegan Passalacqua Turley Wine Cellars

3 History of Zinfandel in California Zinfandel first arrived in America in 1829 George Gibbs, nurseryman of Long Island, NY received vines from the Schoenbroen Palace, Vienna in , George Gibbs gives Black Zinfardel of Hungary to William Robert Prince 1830, Gibbs gives Zenfendal to Samuel Perkins, Massachusetts Horticultural Society 1833, Zinfandel noted as a suitable table grape, widely planted from NY to Maine in greenhouses 1844, James Warren lists Zinfendel in his Boston-based nursery catalogue Charles Sullivan, Professor of History, Los Gatos Community College Zinfandel: A history of a grape and its wine (2003)

4 History of Zinfandel in California , three selections of Zinfandel are introduced to California: 1852, Capt. Macondray sails from Boston to California with a supply of vines and trees, begins a nursery in San Francisco 1852, J.W. Osborne grafts over Oak Knoll vineyard to Zinfandel and other varieties from Macondray (Napa Valley) 1852, Antoine Delmas imports Black St. Peters to his nursery in Santa Clara. Supplies Mariano Vallejo s viticulturist as well as William McPherson Hill (Sonoma Valley) 1853, A.P. Smith imports Zeinfandall to Sacramento nursery, supplies Sierra foothills (Amador County) Charles Sullivan, Professor of History, Los Gatos Community College Zinfandel: A history of a grape and its wine (2003)

5 Zinfandel in California 2013 National Agricultural Statistics Service California Acreage and Crush Report ZINFANDEL 469,215 tons crushed, 19.4% of all red grapes crushed (2 nd ) Bearing acres: 47,624 (2 nd ) PRIMITIVO 1,893 tons crushed, 0.08% of red grapes crushed (24 th ) Bearing acres: 327 (21 st )

6 Characteristics of Zinfandel in California Versatility ability to grow throughout the diverse state of CA Transparency of site showcases site characteristics as well as any other variety Old vines a collection of historic vineyards throughout the state of CA Typically field blended most common varieties include Petite Syrah, Carignane, Mourvedre, Alicante Bouschet, Trousseau Noir Uneven ripening leading to a wide spectrum of aromatics and flavors green, red, black and raisin berries within one cluster Maintains good acidity at medium to high sugar levels

7 History of Primitivo in California 1967, USDA Plant Pathologist Austin Goheen tastes Primitivo while visiting colleague Dr. Giovanni Martelli at the Instituto di Patologia Vegetale in Bari, Puglia, Italy 1968, planted at Tyree Vineyard, Davis. Ampelographically identical. Wolfe (1976) shows identical isozyme fingerprint Bowers et al. (1993) show identical Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) markers Franks et al. (2001) confirm using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers Franks et al. 2001

8 UC Davis Heritage Vineyard Oakville, California Initiated in 1996 by Jim Wolpert and UC Farm Advisors Department of Viticulture and Enology, UC Davis Collected 90 selections from over 100 vineyards across California Selected for Small berries and loose clusters Planted pre-1919 Free of virus Planted at Oakville Station onto St. George Rootstock in Randomized Complete Block Design (RBCD) One selection of Primitivo planted (Selection #40, FPS Primitivo 03 di Gioia )

9 Comparison of Zinfandel vs. Primitivo in California UC Davis, Heritage Vineyard 90 selections, 1 Primitivo Harvested the same day Conclusions: Primitivo has lower cluster weights Primitivo has fewer berries per cluster Primitivo has higher Brix Berry weight comparable to Zinfandel Primitivo has less bunch rot Fidelibus 2005

10 Primitivo Primitivo Primitivo Primitivo Anderson et al. 2008

11 Turley Wine Cellars Founded in 1993 by Larry Turley 3 wineries: Napa Valley, Paso Robles and Amador County Currently work with 38 Zinfandel vineyards across 9 regions in California Napa Valley, Sonoma County, Paso Robles, Amador County, Contra Costa County, Lodi, Mendocino County, El Dorado County, Calaveras County

12 Turley Wine Cellars VINEYARD STATISTICS Average vine age: 70 years old 13 vineyards: years old 14 vineyards: years old 11 vineyards: 100+ years old Oldest vineyard: 130 years old 16 vineyards planted on their own roots

13 Production at Turley Wine Cellars Harvest extends the entirety of the California harvest from the middle of August to the beginning of November Yields range from 0.5 to 4.0 tons per acre ( hl/ha) ph at harvest range from ph Desired Brix level All fruit is destemmed, no crushing No SO2 at processing Native yeast fermentations 5 day cold soak Fermentations last two to five weeks Free-run and press stay together All Burgundy barrels (20% new, 80% French, 20% American) Wines are racked post malolactic fermentation Wines may be racked one to two more times before bottling Average elevage 15 months Wines are bottled unfined and unfiltered

14 2013 Fredericks Vineyard Zinfandel VINEYARD Planted in Sonoma Valley in feet elevation (310 meters) Uplifted sea bed and iron-rich volcanic soils Organically certified Non-irigated 20 acres (8 hectares) 3 tons per acres (45 hl/ha) Harvested in 7 passes

15 2013 Fredericks Vineyard Zinfandel WINE Average Brix at harvest day cold soak Non-inoculated fermentation Fermentations lasted 2 weeks to 5 weeks (all pump-overs) Top fermentation temperature 88 F (31 C) Aged in 20% new oak for 15 months (80% French, 20% American) 1,600 cases bottled (19,200 bottles) unfined and unfiltered Final chemistry: SO2: 28 free, 88 total Total acidity: 5.7 g/l ph: 3.93 Volatile acidity: 0.58 g/l Glucose/Fructose: 1.3 g/l Alcohol: 15.9%

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