2015 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN Final Report

Transcription

1 PREPARED FOR Indio Water Authority 2015 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN Final Report July 1, 2016

2 This page left intentionally blank

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 Introduction and Overview Background and Purpose Urban Water Management Planning and the California Water Code Urban Water Management Planning Act of Applicable Changes to the Water Code since 2010 UWMPs Water Conservation Act of 2009 (SB X7-7) Urban Water Management Plans in Relation to Other Planning Efforts UWMP Organization Section 2 Plan Preparation Basis for Preparing a Plan Public Water Systems Agencies Serving Multiple Service Areas/Public Water Systems Regional Planning Individual or Regional Planning and Compliance Regional UWMP Regional Alliance Fiscal or Calendar Year and Units of Measure Fiscal or Calendar Year Reporting Complete 2015 Data Units of Measure Coordination and Outreach Wholesale and Retain Coordination Coordination with Other Agencies and the Community Notice to Cities and Counties Section 3 System Description General Description Water Service Agencies in the Region Service Area Boundary Maps Service Area Climate Climate Change Service Area Population and Demographics Other Demographic Factors Section 4 System Water Use Recycled versus Potable and Raw Water Demand Water Uses by Sector Demand Sectors Listed in Water Code Demand Sectors in Addition to Those Listed in Water Code Distribution System Water Losses Urban Water Management Plan Final Report

4 Table of Contents 4.4 Estimating Future Water Savings Water Use for Lower Income Households Climate Change Section 5 Baselines and Targets Guidance for Wholesale Agencies Updated Calculations from 2010 UWMP Update of Target Method U.S. Census Data SB X7-7 Verification Form Baseline Periods Determination of the Year Baseline Period (Baseline GPCD) Determination of the 5-Year Baseline Period (Target Confirmation) Service Area Population Gross Water Use Baseline Daily Per Capita Water Use and 2020 Baselines and Target Summary Compliance Daily per Capita Water Use (GPCD) Adjustments to 2015 Gross Water Use Regional Alliance Section 6 System Supplies Purchased or Imported Water Coachella Canal State Water Project Groundwater Basin Description Groundwater Management Overdraft Conditions Historical Groundwater Pumping Local Surface Water Stormwater Wastewater and Recycled Water Recycled Water Coordination Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal Recycled Water System Recycled Water Beneficial Uses Actions to Encourage and Optimize Future Recycled Water Use Desalinated Water Opportunities Exchanges or Transfers Exchanges Transfers Emergency Interties Future Water Projects Final Report 2015 Urban Water Management Plan _

5 Table of Contents 6.9 Summary of Existing and Planned Sources of Water Climate Change Impacts to Supply Section 7 Water Supply Reliability Assessment Constraints on Water Sources Reliability by Type of Year Types of Years Agencies with Multiple Sources of Water Supply and Demand Assessment Regional Supply Reliability Section 8 Water Shortage Contingency Planning Stages of Action Prohibition on End Uses Landscape Irrigation Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional (CII) Water Features and Swimming Pools Defining Water Features Other Penalties, Charges, Other Enforcement of Prohibitions Consumption Reduction Methods Categories of Consumption Reduction Methods Determining Water Shortage Reductions Revenue and Expenditure Impacts Drought Rate Structures and Surcharges Use of Financial Reserves Other Measures Resolution or Ordinance Catastrophic Supply Interruption Minimum Supply Next Three Years Section 9 Demand Management Measures Demand Management Measures for Wholesale Agencies Demand Management Measures for Retail Agencies Water Waste Prevention Ordinances Metering Conservation Pricing Public Education and Outreach Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing Support Other Demand Management Measures Implementation over the Past Five Years Planned Implementation to Achieve Water Use Targets Members of the California Urban Water Conservation Council Urban Water Management Plan iii Final Report

6 Table of Contents Section 10 Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation Inclusion of All 2015 Data Required Notifications Notice to Cities and Counties Notice to the Public Public Hearing and Adoption Adoption Plan Submittal Public Availability Section 11 References Appendix A UWMP Checklist Appendix B 2015 UWMP Standardized Tables (Electronic Only) Appendix C SB X7-7 Standardized Tables (Electronic Only) Appendix D IWA Board Resolution of Adoption, Proof of Publication Affidavits, and Public Notices Final Report 2015 Urban Water Management Plan _

7 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW This report presents the 2015 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) for the Indio Water Authority (IWA) service area. This section describes the general purpose of the UWMP, discusses UWMP implementation, and provides general information about IWA and service area characteristics. 1.1 Background and Purpose An Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) is a planning tool that generally guides the actions of water management agencies to support long-term resources planning and ensure adequate water supplies are available to meet existing and future water demands. While the conservation and efficient use of urban water supplies are statewide and global concerns, developing and implementing plans for efficient use can best be accomplished at the local level. Thus, an UWMP provides both managers and the public with a broad perspective of the water supply issues that may affect their service area. Furthermore, while a UWMP may specify a strategic agenda for reliable water supplies, it is not to be substituted for project-specific planning documents. The identification of opportunities within a UWMP are non-binding such that it neither commits a water management agency to pursue a particular opportunity, nor precludes a water management agency from exploring opportunities that were not identified in the plan. Additionally, should a project be approved for implementation within a service area, the appropriate detailed project plans and analyses must be prepared separate from the UWMP. In short, this UWMP is a planning tool, providing a framework for action, but not requiring specific project development or action. Water resources management in California is not a matter of certainty and planning projections may change in response to a number of factors. Thus, it is important that this Plan be viewed as a long-term, general planning document, rather than as an exact blueprint for supply and demand management. Development of this Plan is an effort to generally answer a series of planning questions including: What are the potential sources of water supply and what are their probable yields? What is the probable demand, given a reasonable set of assumptions about growth and implementation of good water management practices? How comparable are the supply and demand figures, assuming that the various probable supplies will be pursued by the implementing agency? The IWA will address these questions by identifying feasible and cost-effective opportunities to meet existing and future demands. IWA will explore enhancements to supplies from traditional sources such as groundwater as well as other options, including water exchanges, water recycling, utilizing Colorado River water from the Coachella Canal, desalination, and water banking/conjunctive use. Each opportunity that is identified as a feasible option within the service area will further undergo specific, detailed evaluations to determine how each option would fit into the overall supply/demand framework, how each option would impact the environment, and how each option would affect customers. The objective of these more detailed evaluations is to find the optimum combination of conservation and supply programs to ensure that the needs of the customers are met Urban Water Management Plan 1-1 Final Report

8 Section 1 Introduction and Overview The California Urban Water Management Planning Act requires preparation of a plan that: Accomplishes water supply planning over a 20- or 25-year period in five-year increments. Identifies and quantifies adequate water supplies, including recycled water, for existing and future demands, in normal, single-dry, and multiple-dry years. Implements conservation and efficient use of urban water supplies. In 2009, an amendment to the UWMP Act was passed (Senate Bill 7, or SB X7-7). This amendment requires a 20 percent reduction in per capita water use statewide by year SB X7-7 provides water conservation targets by region and requires each urban water supplier to develop interim (2015) and 2020 urban water use targets consistent with the requirements of the bill. IWA s urban water use targets are presented in Section 5 of this UWMP. Additional recent changes and amendments to the UWMP Act which impact urban water suppliers include: Provide water use projections for single-family and multifamily residential housing needed for lower income households. A 60-day notification period for the public hearing to all cities and counties within which the supplier provides water. Linkage of Demand Management Measures (DMMs) to State-funded grants or loans. In summary, the Plan answers the question: Will there be enough water for the IWA in future years, and what combination of programs should be explored for making this water available? It is the stated goal of IWA to deliver a reliable and high quality water supply to their customers, even during dry periods. Based on conservative water supply and demand assumptions over the next 20 years in combination with conservation of non-essential demand during certain dry years, the UWMP successfully achieves this goal. 1.2 Urban Water Management Planning and the California Water Code Below is a summary of the California Water Code (CWC) sections that are applicable to UWMPs and some of the major changes in the UWMP since it s creating in Full detail of the CWC sections that are applicable to the UWMPs are found in Appendix A and C of the 2015 UWMP Guidebook Urban Water Management Planning Act of 1983 Assembly Bill (AB) 797 established the UWMP Act on September 21, Passage of this law by the California Legislature recognized that water is a limited resource and that efficient water use and conservation would be actively pursued throughout the State. Conservation and efficient water use is a statewide concern, but the planning of water use and implementation of water conservation is best accomplished at the local level. The UWMP Act requires water suppliers in California, providing water for municipal purposes either directly or indirectly to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet per year (AFY) of water, to prepare and adopt a plan every five years which defines Final Report Urban Water Management Plan

9 Section 1 Introduction and Overview their current and future water use, sources of supply, source reliability, and existing conservation measures. The UWMP Act requires that each water supplier prepare or update its UWMP every five years in years ending in five and zero. The plan is to be submitted to Department of Water Resources (DWR) Applicable Changes to the Water Code since 2010 UWMPs The Water Code is constantly being adapted to reflect the current water environment. SB X7-7 was added in 2009 to address the existing drought. Since 2010, eight main adjustments to the water code have been established and are described below: 1) Demand Management Measures: Requires water suppliers to provide a narrative of their existing demand management measures, the actions completed over the past five years to meet their demand management measures, and required tasks to meet their water use targets 2) Submittal Date: The 2015 UWMP must be submitted to the DWR by July 1, ) Electronic Submittal: The plan, or amendments, are to be electronically submitted to DWR 4) Standardized Forms: DWR created standardized UWMP forms that are to be included in the Plan; these standardized forms are found in Appendix B (2015 UWMP Standardized Tables) and Appendix C (SB X7-7 Standardized Tables) 5) Water Loss: Requires the plan to report on water loss within the distribution system 6) Estimating Future Water Savings: Allows for water use projections to take into account water savings estimated from adopted codes, standards, or ordinances when the information is available 7) Voluntary Reporting of Energy Intensity: A supplier can include energy related information, such as estimates of energy to provide water 8) Defining Water Features: Water features artificially supplied with water (such as ponds, lakes, waterfalls, and fountains) shall be defined separately from swimming pools and spas Water Conservation Act of 2009 (SB X7-7) The most significant amendment to the UWMP Act was Senate Bill 7 of the 7 th Extraordinary Session (SB X7-7 Steinberg) passed in 2009, which requires a 20 percent reduction in per capita use by the year The California 20x2020 Program (Program) is a statewide municipal water conservation program. In February 2008, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger established a statewide goal of 20 percent reduction in urban per capita use of potable water by the year When the Bill was established, urban water users in California consumed 8.7 million AFY of potable water; under the Program, Californians would save enough water (approximately 1.74 million AFY) to serve more than two million families each year. The California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) in concert with DWR and five other state agencies prepared the 20x2020 Water Conservation Plan, which sets forth a statewide road map to maximize the state s urban water efficiency and conservation opportunities between 2009 and 2020, and beyond (SWRCB, 2010) Urban Water Management Plan 1-3 Final Report

10 Section 1 Introduction and Overview SB X7-7 was passed in the state Senate and Assembly in late 2009 to mandate the Program. This bill requires a statewide reduction in urban per capita water usage of 20 percent by December 31, The bill also requires that the state achieves incremental progress towards the goal by reducing the per capita usage by 10 percent by December 31, The bill requires each urban water supplier to develop interim and final urban water use targets consistent with the requirements of the bill. Urban water suppliers are required to comply with the requirements established by the bill on or before July 1, 2016 in order to be eligible for state water grants or loans. DWR has developed specific guidelines to address the SB X7-7 requirements in the 2015 UWMP. These requirements are addressed in the subsequent sections of this report. Methods to calculate baseline demands and water use targets have been developed by DWR in accordance with the law, and are provided in the DWR Guidebook. The law provides flexibility to the agency preparing the UWMP to develop baseline demands and water use targets using methodologies of their choice. There are currently two methods listed in the DWR Guidebook in accordance with SB X7-7 on how to establish a baseline demand (designated as base daily per capita water use): 10-year average per capita use for periods ranging from to year average if recycled water use is greater than or equal to 10 percent of the demand The law requires each retail water supplier to develop urban water use targets by July 1, 2011 using one of the following methods: 1. Eighty (80) percent of the urban retail water supplier s base daily per capita water use. 2. The per capita daily water use that is estimated using the sum of the following performance standards: a. For indoor residential water use, 55 gallons per capita daily (GPCD) water use as a provisional standard. Upon completion of the DWR s 2016 report to the Legislature pursuant to Section , this standard may be adjusted by the Legislature by statute. b. For landscape irrigated through dedicated or residential meters or connections, water efficiency equivalent to the standards of the state s Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance. c. For commercial, industrial, and institutional (CII) uses, a 10-percent reduction in water use from the baseline CII water use by Ninety-five percent of the applicable state hydrologic region target, as set forth in the state s draft 20x2020 Water Conservation Plan (dated April 30, 2009). For the South Coast hydrologic region, this target is 142 GPCD. However, this method does not appear to be applicable to IWA. This method is for agencies which currently have low per capita usage and it requires them to reduce their usage by at least five percent (Section ). 4. The difference between the base daily per capita water use and the estimated water savings from indoor residential use, unmetered water deliveries, CII use, landscape use, and system water loss. Final Report Urban Water Management Plan

11 Section 1 Introduction and Overview A more detailed description of these methodologies is provided in Section Urban Water Management Plans in Relation to Other Planning Efforts Water resources planning encompasses more than just the most recent UWMP. IWA will utilize other documents and planning processes as necessary in order to develop a more complete and effective UWMP. Some of these documents include: 2010 UWMP 2002 Coachella Valley Water Management Plan 2010 Coachella Valley Water Management Plan Update 2015 Coachella Valley Salt and Nutrient Management Plan 2011 IWA Recycled Water Master Plan 2016 IWA Recycled Water Feasibility Study 2014 IWA Consumer Confidence Report 1.4 UWMP Organization The 2015 UWMP is organized to match the outline provided by DWR for simplicity of review. The outline is described below. Chapter 1 - Introduction and Overview In this introductory chapter, agencies provide a discussion on the importance and extent of their water management planning efforts. Chapter 2 - Plan Preparation This section will provide information on their process for developing the UWMP, including efforts in coordination and outreach. Chapter 3 - System Description Suppliers may include maps of the service area, a description of the service area and climate, their Public Water System(s), and the agency s organizational structure and history. Chapter 4 - System Water Use Describe and quantify the current and projected water uses within the agency s service area. Chapter 5 - Baselines and Targets Retail agencies and Regional Alliances (See Appendix D of the 2015 UWMP Guidebook for more information about Regional Alliances) will describe their methods for calculating their baseline and target water consumption. They will also demonstrate whether or not they have achieved the 2015 interim water use target, and their plans for achieving their 2020 water use target. Chapter 6 - System Supplies Describe and quantify the current and projected sources of water available to the agency. A description and quantification of potential recycled water uses and supply availability is also to be included in this chapter, to the extent that it pertains to each agency Urban Water Management Plan 1-5 Final Report

12 Section 1 Introduction and Overview Chapter 7 - Water Supply Reliability Water agencies will describe the reliability of their water supply and project the reliability out 25 years. This description will be provided for normal, single dry years and multiple dry years. Chapter 8 - Water Shortage Contingency Planning Provide the supplier s staged plan for dealing with water shortages, including a catastrophic supply interruption. Chapter 9 - Demand Management Measures Water suppliers will communicate their efforts to promote conservation and to reduce demand on their water supply and will specifically address several demand management measures. Chapter 10 - Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation Water agencies will describe the steps taken to adopt and submit the UWMP and to make it publicly available. This chapter will also include a discussion of the agency s plan to implement the UWMP. Appendix A UWMP Checklist Appendix B 2015 UWMP Standardized Tables Appendix C SB X7-7 Standardized Tables Appendix D IWA Board Resolution of Adoption, Proof of Publication Affidavits, and Public Notices Final Report Urban Water Management Plan

13 SECTION 2 PLAN PREPARATION This section will provide information on IWA s process for developing this UWMP, including efforts in coordination and outreach. 2.1 Basis for Preparing a Plan CWC Urban water supplier means a supplier, either publicly or privately owned, providing water for municipal purposes either directly or indirectly to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually. An urban water supplier includes a supplier or contractor for water, regardless of the basis of right, which distributes or sells for ultimate resale to customers. This part applies only to water supplied from public water systems CWC (b) Every person that becomes an urban water supplier shall adopt an urban water management plan within one year after it has become an urban water supplier. CWC (a) Each urban water supplier shall update its plan at least once every five years on or before December 31, in years ending in five and zero, except as provided in subdivision (d). (d) Each urban water supplier shall update and submit its 2015 plan to the department by July 1, In accordance with the California Water Code (CWC), urban water suppliers must develop a UWMP every five years. An urban water supplier is a supplier providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 service connections or supplying 3,000 or more acre-feet (AF) of water per year. IWA has 22,560 service connections and therefore surpasses the 3,000 service connection threshold and has developed a 2015 UWMP Public Water Systems Public Water Systems (PWSs) are the systems that provide drinking water for human consumption. These systems are regulated by the State Water Resources Control Board (Board), Division of Drinking Water. CWC (a)(2) The plan, or amendments to the plan, submitted to the department shall include any standardized forms, tables, or displays specified by the department. CWC (a) The department, in consultation with the board, the California Bay-Delta Authority or its successor agency, the State Department of Public Health, and the Public Utilities Commission, shall develop a single standardized water use reporting form to meet the water use information needs of each agency, 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 2-1 Final Report

14 Section 2 Plan Preparation including the needs of urban water suppliers that elect to determine and report progress toward achieving targets on a regional basis as provided in subdivision (a) of Section (b) At a minimum, the form shall be developed to accommodate information sufficient to assess an urban water supplier s compliance with conservation targets pursuant to Section The form shall accommodate reporting by urban water suppliers on an individual or regional basis as provided in subdivision (a) of Section The California Health and Safety Code defines a Public Water System as shown below: California Health and Safety Code (h) Public Water System means a system for the provision of water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances that has 15 or more service connections or regularly serves at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year. IWA has a PWS that meets the definition and therefore is required to develop and submit a 2015 UWMP Agencies Serving Multiple Service Areas/Public Water Systems IWA does not serve any other areas and only serves one PWS, as shown in Table 2-1 below. Table 2-1 Public Water Systems (DWR Table 2-1 R) Public Water Number of Municipal Volume of Water Supplied Public Water System Name System Number Connections (AF) CA INDIO WATER AUTHORITY 22,560 18,208 TOTAL 22,560 18, Regional Planning Regional planning can deliver multiple benefits for individual agencies by reducing costs and managing water supply on a geographical basis rather than a political boundary. The five predominant water supply agencies that exist in the Coachella Valley include: Indio Water Authority (IWA) Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD) Desert Water Agency (DWA) Mission Springs Water District (MSWD) City of Coachella Together, with Valley Sanitary District, this group formed the Coachella Valley Regional Water Management Group to derive benefits of regional planning that include water supply reliability, improved water quality, increased regional self-reliance, and reduced conflict over resources. Despite Final Report Urban Water Management Plan

15 Section 2 Plan Preparation this, UWMP planning is done on an individual basis yet includes much of the same water management actions and objectives developed through regional planning. 2.3 Individual or Regional Planning and Compliance IWA selects the individual reporting method for this UWMP. IWA will develop an UWMP that reports solely on its service area. The individual UWMP addresses all requirements of the CWC Regional UWMP IWA will develop an individual UWMP; the regional UWMP does not apply Regional Alliance IWA will develop an individual UWMP; the regional alliance does not apply. 2.4 Fiscal or Calendar Year and Units of Measure CWC (a)(1) Urban retail water suppliers may determine the targets on a fiscal year or calendar year basis. This section describes IWA s selected units of measure Fiscal or Calendar Year This UWMP will report on a calendar year basis Reporting Complete 2015 Data Since this UWMP reports on a calendar year, the plan will include all 2015 water use Units of Measure This 2015 UWMP reports all volumes in units of AF. 2.5 Coordination and Outreach CWC (j) An urban water supplier that relies upon a wholesale agency for a source of water shall provide the wholesale agency with water use projections from that agency for that source of water in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available. The wholesale agency shall provide information to the urban water supplier for inclusion in the urban water supplier s plan that identifies and quantifies, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water as required by subdivision (b), available from the wholesale agency to the urban water supplier over the same five-year increments, and during various water-year types in accordance with subdivision (c). An urban water supplier may rely upon water supply information provided by the wholesale agency in fulfilling the plan informational requirements of subdivisions (b) and (c) Urban Water Management Plan 2-3 Final Report

16 Section 2 Plan Preparation According to CWC 10631, an urban water supplier that relies on water from a wholesaler must provide the wholesaler with water use projections for that supplier for the next 20 years. However, IWA receives no water from a wholesale supplier and meets all their water demands by groundwater pumping Wholesale and Retain Coordination IWA is not supplied by a wholesale supplier to meet their water demands. Urban water demands are met entirely by groundwater pumping Coordination with Other Agencies and the Community CWC (d)(2) Each urban water supplier shall coordinate the preparation of its plan with other appropriate agencies in the area, including other water suppliers that share a common source, water management agencies, and relevant public agencies, to the extent practicable. CWC Each urban water supplier shall encourage the active involvement of diverse social, cultural, and economic elements of the population within the service area prior to and during the preparation of the plan... CWC requires urban water suppliers to coordinate their plans with other appropriate agencies in within the area. IWA sent out a letter dated March 28, 2016 to the following stakeholders and adjacent agencies to ask for input into their 2015 UWMP. Coachella Valley Water District Desert Water Agency Mission Springs Water District City of La Quinta City of Indio City of Coachella County of Riverside Transportation and Land Management Agency - Planning Department Riverside County Flood Control District Riverside County Department of Public Health Imperial County Planning and Development Services Tribes (Cabazon Band of Mission Indians, Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians, and Desert Cahuilla Indians Tribe) Myoma Dunes Mutual Water Company Department of Water Resources Building Industry Association Final Report Urban Water Management Plan

17 2.5.3 Notice to Cities and Counties CWC Section 2 Plan Preparation (b) Every urban water supplier required to prepare a plan pursuant to this part shall, at least 60 days before the public hearing on the plan required by Section 10642, notify any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies that the urban water supplier will be reviewing the plan and considering amendments or changes to the plan. CWC requires the urban water supplier to notify the cities and counties that are within their service area 60 days before the public hearing of the UWMP. IWA is located within Riverside County, overlying the City of Indio, and has sent a letter to the cities and agencies mentioned above. More information on this is included in Section 10 of the UWMP Urban Water Management Plan 2-5 Final Report

18 This page left intentionally blank

19 SECTION 3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION This section includes a description of the IWA service area and climate, the water service agencies in the region, population demographics, and boundary maps. 3.1 General Description CWC Section A plan shall be adopted in accordance with this chapter that shall do all of the following: (a) Describe the service area of the supplier, including current and projected population, climate, and other demographic factors affecting the supplier s water management planning. The projected population estimates shall be based upon data from the state, regional, or local service agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier and shall be in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available. The Coachella Valley lies in the northwestern portion of a great valley, the Salton Trough, which extends from the Gulf of California in Mexico northwesterly to the Cabazon area. This area lies primarily in Riverside County but also extends into northeast San Diego County and northeastern Imperial County. The Colorado River enters this trough, and its delta has formed a barrier between the Gulf of California and the Coachella Valley. The Coachella Valley is ringed with mountains on three sides. On the west and northwest sides are the Santa Rosa, San Jacinto, and San Bernardino Mountains, which rise more than 10,000 feet above mean sea level (ft MSL). To the north and east are the Little San Bernardino Mountains, which attain elevations of 5,500 ft MSL. The Coachella Valley is geographically divided into the West Valley and the East Valley. Generally, the West Valley, which includes the cities of Palm Springs, Cathedral City, Rancho Mirage, Indian Wells and Palm Desert, has a predominately resort/recreation-based economy that relies on groundwater as its principal water source. The East Valley, which includes the cities of Coachella, Indio and La Quinta and the communities of Bermuda Dunes, Mecca, and Thermal, has an agricultural-based economy utilizing groundwater and Colorado River water imported via the Coachella Canal. The East Valley lies southeast of a line extending from Washington Street and Point Happy northeast to the Indio Hills near Jefferson Street, and the West Valley is northwest of this line Water Service Agencies in the Region In addition to providing background information on IWA, this section also presents background information on the other agencies in the Valley, as all of the agencies are working together to implement a regional water management plan. These issues are further discussed in subsequent sections. Figure 3-1 illustrates the boundaries of the largest water service agencies in the Coachella Valley Urban Water Management Plan 3-1 Final Report

20 Little San Bernardino Mountains San Bernardino C ounty Rivers ide C ounty Coachella Valley Water Agency Boundaries 10 UV 62 Desert Hot Springs Key to Features Coachella Valley Water District Coachella Water Authority San Jacinto Mountains Cathedral Palm City Springs Rancho Mirage 10 Palm Desert Desert Water Agency Mission Springs Water Myoma Dunes Water District Indio Water Authority UV 111 Indio Indian Wells La Quinta Coachella Highway County Boundary Waterbody UV 74 UV 86 Mecca Hills Source: CVWD, Caltrans, DWR, CalAtlas UV 86S UV 111 Santa Rosa Mountains S a n D i e g o C o u n t y Salton Sea º Miles Document: \\Uspas1s01\muni\Clients\ Coachella Valley WD\2015 UWMP\14 Electronic Files - Modeling\GIS\_MXDs\ Boundary_Map.mxd Im perial Count y Figure 3-1

21 Section 3 System Description Indio Water Authority Incorporated in 1930, the City of Indio (City) was the first city in the Coachella Valley. The City encompasses approximately 38 square miles with a sphere of influence that adds approximately 22 square miles north of Interstate 10. The existing land uses include commercial, limited industrial, and residential. The majority of land use can be classified as residential, varying in density from equestrian and country estates to high-density multi-family dwellings. The proposed future land uses within the sphere of influence include open space, residential, resource recovery, specific plans (assumed mixed use), business park, and a small amount of community commercial. The Indio Water Authority (IWA) was formed as a Joint Powers Authority in 2000, wholly owned by the City and Indio Redevelopment Agency, to be the legislative and policy entity responsible for delivering water to residents of the City for all municipal water programs and services. The five elected members of the Commission appoint four members of the community to serve on the Board. Since the establishment of IWA, service connections have increased from approximately 12,100 to 22,560 active meter accounts in 2015, with the majority of the new growth occurring north of Interstate 10. In 2015, IWA supplied 18,208 AF of water to businesses and residents. As one of the fastest growing municipal utilities in the Coachella Valley, IWA is committed to maintaining a sustainable water supply for its residential and commercial customers. IWA extracts groundwater to meet the needs of its existing customer. The groundwater is drawn from the Whitewater River Subbasin and is delivered to the service area via a pressurized distribution system of 326 miles of pipe (IWA, 2012) supplied by 10 currently active wells. The IWA also has emergency intertie connections with Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD) and the City of Coachella. Since 2005, IWA has established active water conservation, water reuse, and groundwater recharge planning efforts to ensure adequate water availability and system capacity to meet the growing needs of the City. These planning efforts include: residential and commercial landscape and irrigation upgrade rebates, water audits, water conservation kits, washing machine and toilet rebates, water waster mobile app and hotline, budget-tiered rate structure, water conservation workshops, water misuse program, and a Memorandum of Understanding between IWA and Valley Sanitation District (VSD) to collaborate in the construction of capital improvement projects that support water reuse and groundwater recharge efforts Coachella Valley Water District The Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD) was formed in 1918 under the County Water District Act provisions of the California Water Code. In 1937, CVWD absorbed the responsibilities of the Coachella Valley Stormwater District which had formed in CVWD now encompasses approximately 640,000 acres, mostly within Riverside County, but also extending into northern Imperial and northeast San Diego counties. CVWD is governed by a board of five directors, elected by division to four-year terms. CVWD is a Colorado River water importer and a California State Water Project contractor. The services provided by CVWD include irrigation water delivery and agricultural drainage; domestic water delivery; wastewater collection, treatment, and recycling; stormwater protection; and groundwater recharge. In 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-3 Final Report

22 Section 3 System Description accordance with the terms of the Second Amendment to Settlement Agreement, CVWD provides water service to existing CVWD customers within the City of Indio Desert Water Agency Desert Water Agency (DWA) serves an area of about 325 square miles, including outlying county areas, part of Cathedral City, and most of Palm Springs. The DWA was formed in 1961 to import water from the State Water Project in an effort to provide a reliable local water supply to its customers. DWA is a public agency of the State of California. In 1968, the DWA entered the retail water business by purchasing the Cathedral City and Palm Springs water companies. The DWA is governed by a fiveperson Board of Directors, elected by citizens within DWA boundaries. Additionally, the DWA produces and sells electrical power produced by two hydroelectric generating plants and, in 2005, it began using solar power for the DWA Operation Center. The DWA employs an extensive system network, including: a domestic water delivery system, an irrigation water delivery system, wastewater collection system, water reuse, and groundwater recharge systems Mission Springs Water District The Mission Springs Water District (MSWD) began as a mutual water company in the late 1940s. By 1953, it had evolved into an incorporated entity, the Desert Hot Springs County Water District. That name was changed to Mission Springs Water District in MSWD s service area consists of 135 square miles, including the City of Desert Hot Springs, 10 smaller communities in Riverside County, and communities in the City of Palm Springs. MSWD is governed by a five-member board, elected from at-large representation to four-year terms. MSWD provides water and wastewater services to residential and commercial customers through three independent distribution systems City of Coachella The City of Coachella was incorporated in 1946 and encompasses approximately 32 square miles in the eastern Coachella Valley. The City of Coachella s sphere of influence encompasses 53 square miles. The water-related services provided by the City of Coachella include domestic water delivery, wastewater collection, treatment, and reclamation, and local drainage control Valley Sanitary District The Valley Sanitary District (VSD) is a California Special District governed by a locally elected Board of Directors and was founded in 1925 and is governed by the California Sanitary Act of Although not a water supplier, VSD provides wastewater collection and treatment services for the City of Indio and the majority of IWA customers. Currently, VSD discharges treated wastewater to the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel and provides a small amount of treated wastewater for on-site irrigation and agricultural irrigation for local tribes. IWA is currently pursuing opportunities with VSD to serve recycled water to golf courses and parks from VSD s plant in the future. VSD treated 6,324 AF of wastewater in Final Report Urban Water Management Plan

23 3.2 Service Area Boundary Maps Section 3 System Description Figure 3-2 shows the current IWA service area boundary. Figure 3-3 depicts the City of Indio Sphere of Influence as determined by the Second Agreement to the Settlement Agreement. Figure 3-4 illustrates the general plan land use within IWA s service area Urban Water Management Plan 3-5 Final Report

24

25 Indio Water Authority City of Indio - Sphere of Influence Key to Features IWA Service Area City of Indio City of Indio Sphere of Influcence Source: City of Indio Second Ammendment to Settlement Agrement, Basemap Source: Cal-Atlas, California Hillshade (30m) 10 ST 111 ST 111 ST 86S º Miles Document: \\Uspas1s01\muni\Clients\ Indio Water Authority\2015 UWMP\14 Electronic Files - Modeling\GIS\_MXDs\ Fig3_SphereInfluence.mxd Figure 3-3

26 Indio Water Authority General Land Use Key to Features IWA Service Area General Plan Land Use (2010) Business Park Commercial Office Community Commercial Neighborhood Commercial Downtown Commerce 10 Regional Commercial Industrial Park Manufacturing Mixed Use (DA); Mixed Use (SP) Open Space Public Residential - High Residential - Medium 10 Residential - Low Country/Equestrian Estates Roadway ST 111 ST 86S Village Core City of Indio, 2015 Basemap Source: Cal-Atlas, California Hillshade (30m) ST 111 º Miles Document: \\Uspas1s01\muni\Clients\ Indio Water Authority\2015 UWMP\14 Electronic Files - Modeling\GIS\_MXDs\ Fig5_GeneralPlanLUpdated.mxd Figure 3-4

27 Section 3 System Description 3.3 Service Area Climate CWC Section Describe the service area of the supplier, including climate The climate of the Coachella Valley is arid characterized by low annual rainfall, low humidity, high summer temperatures, abundant sunshine, and relatively mild winters (IWA, 2011). The average summer high temperature in Indio is 104 degrees Fahrenheit (F); the average winter low temperature is 43 degrees F. Precipitation typically occurs during the winter months with an annual mean rainfall of approximately 3.3 inches (in). Long-term average minimum and maximum temperature, total precipitation, and evapotranspiration for the City of Indio are summarized in Table 3-1. Table 3-1 Monthly Average Climate Data for Indio Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Average Max. Temp (F) Average Min. Temp. 1 (F) Average Total Precip (in) Evapotranspiration, ETo 2 (in) Monthly Climate Summary for Indio Fire Station, March 1894 to January Western Regional Climate Center. 2 Reference Evapotranspiration Zones, Zone 18. California Irrigation Management Information System Climate Change Climate plays a central role in the operation, planning, and management of water resource systems for water supply, flood management, and environmental stewardship. Expectations of the timing and form of precipitation; the timing, magnitude, and distribution of runoff; and, the availability of water for beneficial use are based on our understanding of the climate system and experience with historic meteorological and hydrological events. The potential impacts of climate change on water resources may be felt through changes in temperature, precipitation, and runoff. Particularly, the Colorado River Hydrologic Region is subject to the following climate vulnerabilities (DWR, 2015): Magnitude and frequency of extreme precipitation events may increase, resulting in greater flood risk and debris flows. More frequent and longer droughts would reduce imported water supply reliability and decrease local water quality and habitat. The implications of climate change regionally and nationally may adversely impact the following Valley water resources: 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-9 Final Report

28 Section 3 System Description State Water Project (SWP) Table A Amounts Reductions to the Sierra snowpack would reduce the availability of water during late spring and early summer and may make it more difficult to fill reservoirs, while increased sea levels would increase salinity intrusion, which could degrade available freshwater supplies. This would require the State to further reduce SWP Table A Amounts, including allocations to the Valley. The Coachella Valley s Colorado River water supplies are protected from impacts of climate change and corresponding shortages by 1) California s first priority for Colorado River supplies in the lower Colorado River basin, and 2) Coachella s high priority for Colorado River supplies among California users of Colorado River water. Climate change impacts were evaluated in the Environmental Impact Study (EIS) on the Colorado River Interim Guidelines for East Basin Shortages and Coordinated Operations for Lakes Powell and Mead (U.S. Bureau of Reclamation [USBR], 2007). These shortage sharing guidelines are crafted to include operational elements that would respond if potential impacts of climate change and increased hydrologic variability occur. The guidelines include coordinated operation elements that allow for adjustment of Lake Powell releases to respond to low average storage conditions in Lake Powell or Lake Mead. In addition, the guidelines enhance conservation opportunities in the lower Colorado River basin and retention of water in Lake Mead. While impacts from climate change cannot be quantified at this time, the interim guidelines provide additional protection against impacts of shortage sharing. 3.4 Service Area Population and Demographics CWC Section Describe the service area of the supplier, including current and projected population The projected population estimates shall be based upon data from the state, regional, or local service agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier and shall be in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available. Current population was estimated using DWR s population tool ( secure/login.asp). Projected population is based on adopted 2012 Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) growth forecasts. IWA service area population is projected forward by the growth rate for the City of Indio, an average of 1.5% annually. The current and projected population within IWA s service area is presented in Table 3-2. Historical and projected population within IWA s service area is illustrated on Figure 3-5. Table 3-2 Current and Projected Service Area Population (DWR Table 3-1 R) (opt) Population Served 75,847 84,634 90,893 97, , ,162 NOTES: Based on DWR's online population tool and 2012 adopted SCAG projections for City of Indio. Final Report Urban Water Management Plan

29 Section 3 System Description Figure 3-5 Historical and Projected Service Area Population 140,000 IWA Population City of Indio Population 120, ,000 Population 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 Note: City of Indio Population based on 2000 Census, 2010 Census, and 2012 adopted SCAG projections for City of Indio Other Demographic Factors CWC Describe the service area of the supplier, including other demographic factors affecting the supplier s water management planning. An important consideration within the Coachella Valley is that the region has a large seasonal population. Water use per capita calculations only consider the permanent population but include all water users (permanent and seasonal) leading to higher gallon per capita per day (GPCD) estimates than actual. Stanley R. Hoffman Associates (City of Indio, 2014a) reports a 2013 housing vacancy rate of 19.1 percent within the City of Indio. IWA s service area is located entirely within the City of Indio, so the 19.1 percent housing vacancy rate applies to IWA. A summary of the demographic analysis of the City of Indio (2014a) is presented below. Year Age distribution (2012) Under 19 years: 33.0% years: 19.6% years: 33.8% 65 years and over: 13.6% 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-11 Final Report

30 Section 3 System Description Race/ethnicity distribution (2012) White: 26.0% Black or African American: 2.6% American Indian and Alaska Native: 0.7% Asian: 1.6% Hispanic or Latino: 67.7% Other: 1.3% Income (2012) Median household: $43,434 Per capita: $19,077 Household occupancy Persons per household (2014): 3.29 Households (2014): 24,733 Housing units (2013): 30,849 Vacancy rate (2013): 19.1% Housing types (2014) Single family: 70.7% Multi-family: 18.9% Mobile homes: 10.4% Final Report Urban Water Management Plan

31 SECTION 4 SYSTEM WATER USE This chapter describes historic and current water usage and presents projected future demands within IWA s service area. Water usage is presented by customer class such as residential, institutional, landscape, and other purposes. Demand projections contain an inherent level of uncertainty and are intended to provide a general sense as to water supply requirements for the future. Demand projections are dynamic, often changing as a result of economic, political, and environmental pressures. Several factors can affect demand projections, including: Land use revisions New regulations Consumer choice Economic conditions Transportation needs Highway construction Environmental factors Conservation programs Plumbing codes These factors can impact not only the amount of water needed, but also the timing and location of when and where it is needed. Past experience in the City of Indio has indicated that population growth is the most influential factor in determining water demand projections. During the recent economic recession, there was a major downturn in development and new construction, consequently reducing projected demands for water. The projections presented in this UWMP do not attempt to forecast extreme economic or climatic changes. Likewise, no speculation is made regarding future plumbing codes or other regulatory changes. The projections do account for IWA s current water conservation efforts, which are projected to reduce overall water demand by at least 20 percent by Recycled versus Potable and Raw Water Demand Section 4 summarizes the potable water demand within IWA s service area and also provides for the reporting of raw water demand for the year Future recycled water supply is discussed in Section 6 and only includes future potential customers not currently supplied by IWA s potable water system Urban Water Management Plan 4-1 Final Report

32 Section 4 System Water Use 4.2 Water Uses by Sector CWC (e)(1) Quantify, to the extent records are available, past and current water use, over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), and projected water use, identifying the uses among water use sectors, including, but not necessarily limited to, all of the following uses: (A) Single-family residential. (B) Multifamily. (C) Commercial. (D) Industrial. (E) Institutional and governmental. (F) Landscape. (G) Sales to other agencies. (H) Saline water intrusion barriers, groundwater recharge, or conjunctive use, or any combination thereof. (I) Agricultural (2) The water use projections shall be in the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a). Water use is broken down by sector as discussed in the following subsections. IWA currently does not provide any recycled water and all water served in the IWA service area is potable supplied from groundwater basin. Table 4-1 summarizes the water use for each water use sector in the 2015 calendar year. Table 4-1 Demands for Potable and Raw Water Actual (DWR Table 4-1 R) 2015 Actual Use Type Additional Description Level of Treatment (as needed) When Delivered Volume (AF) Single Family Drinking Water 10,387 Multi-Family Drinking Water 1,715 Commercial Drinking Water 2,587 Industrial Drinking Water 133 Landscape Drinking Water 1,936 Other Fire services Drinking Water 0 Other Non-revenue water Drinking Water 1,450 TOTAL 18,208 NOTES: Meter read lag not considered. Final Report Urban Water Management Plan

33 Section 4 System Water Use Demand projections are determined by multiplying the projected service area population (Section 3) by the 2020 water use target of 273 gallons per capita per day (GPCD) (see Section 5 for the calculation of the 2020 water use target). Note that the actual 2015 water use was 214 GPCD, significantly lower than the 2020 target, but the 2020 target is used because 2015 water use was largely driven by extreme drought measures and may not be representative of water use in future years. Demand projections are determined by individual sector based on the water use distribution in Potable and raw water demand projections are summarized in Table 4-2. Total demand projects are summarized in Table 4-3. Table 4-2 Demands for Potable and Raw Water Projected (DWR Table 4-2 R) Use Type Additional Description Projected Water Use (AF) (as needed) opt Single Family 14,700 15,800 16,900 18,000 19,200 Multi-Family 2,440 2,620 2,800 2,980 3,170 Commercial 3,670 3,950 4,220 4,490 4,780 Industrial Landscape 2,750 2,950 3,160 3,360 3,580 Other Fire services Other Non-revenue water 2,060 2,210 2,360 2,520 2,680 TOTAL 25,853 25,810 27,730 29,660 31,580 NOTES: Non-revenue water is assumed to increase proportionally with total demand. Table 4-3 Total Water Demands (DWR Table 4-3 R) (opt) Potable and Raw Water (AF) From Tables 4-1 and ,208 25,810 27,730 29,660 31,580 33,660 Recycled Water Demand (AF) From Table ,010 2,360 5,130 7,480 9,250 TOTAL WATER DEMAND 18,208 26,820 30,090 34,790 39,060 42,910 NOTES: 2015 potable water demand from IWA groundwater pumping records Demand Sectors Listed in Water Code The following demand sectors listed in the CWC apply to IWA Single-family residential A single-family dwelling unit. A lot with a free-standing building containing one dwelling unit that may include a detached secondary dwelling Multi-family Multiple dwelling units contained within one building or several buildings within one complex Urban Water Management Plan 4-3 Final Report

34 Section 4 System Water Use Commercial A water user that provides or distributes a product or service. CWC (d) Industrial A water user that is primarily a manufacturer or processor of materials as defined by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code sectors 31 to 33, inclusive, or an entity that is a water user primarily engaged in research and development. CWC (h) Landscape Water connections supplying water solely for landscape irrigation. Such landscapes may be associated with multi-family, commercial, industrial, or institutional/governmental sites, but are considered a separate water use sector if the connection is solely for landscape irrigation Distribution system losses Reporting of system losses is required by the CWC in the 2015 UWMPs. Section 4.3 describes the methodology to quantify system losses based on the approved DWR method Demand Sectors in Addition to Those Listed in Water Code Additional demand sectors are used for unbilled Other (fire services) Fire services such as hydrant flows are unbilled, authorized uses of water Other (non-revenue water) All unaccounted-for water that includes system losses to reconcile the difference between supply and demand; this category is included to ensure consistency with the tables in Section 5 concerned with SB X Distribution System Water Losses CWC (e)(1) Quantify, to the extent records are available, past and current water use over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), and projected water use, identifying the uses among water use sectors, including, but not necessarily limited to, all of the following uses: (J) Distribution system water loss (3)(A) For the 2015 urban water management plan update, the distribution system water loss shall be quantified for the most recent 12-month period available. For all subsequent updates, the distribution system water loss shall be quantified for each of the five years preceding the plan update. (B) The distribution system water loss quantification shall be reported in accordance with a worksheet approved or developed by the department through a public process. The water loss quantification Final Report Urban Water Management Plan

35 Section 4 System Water Use worksheet shall be based on the water system balance methodology developed by the American Water Works Association. Distribution system water losses (also known as real losses ) are the physical water losses from the water distribution system and the supplier s storage facilities, up to the point of customer consumption. IWA has begun completing annual water audits using the DWR Water Audit Method. The most recent water audit available at the time of this UWMP is the water audit for the fiscal year. The water losses in IWA s distribution system for this reporting period totaled 1,705 acre-feet and is summarized in Table 4-4 (M.E. Simpson Co., 2013). Table Month Water Loss Audit Reporting (DWR Table 4-4 R) Reporting Period Start Date Volume of Water Loss (AF) 07/2011 1,705 NOTES: Reporting period from July 2011 to June From M.E. Simpson Co. (2013). 4.4 Estimating Future Water Savings CWC (e)(4)(a) If available and applicable to an urban water supplier, water use projections may display and account for the water savings estimated to result from adopted codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans identified by the urban water supplier, as applicable to the service area. (B) To the extent that an urban water supplier reports the information described in subparagraph (A), an urban water supplier shall do both of the following: (i) Provide citations of the various codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans utilized in making the projections.(ii) Indicate the extent that the water use projections consider savings from codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans. Water use projections that do not account for these water savings shall be noted of that fact. Demand projections consider future water savings necessary to meet the 2020 water use target because the 2020 target is used to project demands (see Section 4.2). 4.5 Water Use for Lower Income Households CWC (a) The water use projections required by Section shall include projected water use for singlefamily and multifamily residential housing needed for lower income households, as defined in Section of the Health and Safety Code, as identified in the housing element of any city, county, or city and county in the service area of the supplier. California Health and Safety Code Urban Water Management Plan 4-5 Final Report

36 Section 4 System Water Use (a) Lower income households means persons and families whose income does not exceed the qualifying limits for lower income families In the event the federal standards are discontinued, the department shall, by regulation, establish income limits for lower income households for all geographic areas of the state at 80 percent of area median income, adjusted for family size and revised annually. California Water Code requires retail urban water suppliers to provide water use projections for future single-family and multifamily residential housing needed for lower income households. These water use projections are to assist a supplier in complying with state code which grants priority of the provision of service to housing units that is affordable to lower income households. The City of Indio Housing Element (2014) projects needing 1,201 low to extremely low income housing units by 2021 that meet the definition of the Southern California Association of Governments Regional Housing Needs Assessment Plan. A similar proportion of future lower income housing units is estimated for years 2025 through Table 4-5 summarizes the projected water use for lower income households assuming the following: (1) the average persons per household remains constant at the 2014 level of 3.29 persons per household, (2) lower income housing needs are proportional to the projected population growth, and (3) daily water use per capita is equal to the 2020 water use target of 273 GPCD (see Section 5 for the calculation of the 2020 water use target). Table 4-5 Projected Water Use for Lower Income Households Year Lower income housing units (3.29 persons per househould) 1,201 1,290 1,379 1,467 1,563 Water use (AF) 1,208 1,298 1,387 1,476 1, Climate Change Increased drought risk as a result of climate change may impact demands in the future. A combination of state- and local-led demand management measures may reduce demand for irrigation via landscape ordinances, while public outreach and education can lead to reductions in water demands through conservation measures. A more detailed discussion of potential climate change impacts is presented in Section 3. Final Report Urban Water Management Plan

37 SECTION 5 BASELINES AND TARGETS With the adoption of the Water Conservation Act of 2009 (SB X7-7), the State set a goal of reducing urban water use by 20 percent by the year Each retail urban water supplier must determine baseline water use during their baseline period and also target water use for the years 2015 and 2020 in order to help the State achieve the 20 percent reduction. In the 2015 UWMP, water agencies must demonstrate compliance with their established water use target for the year This will also demonstrate whether or not the agency is currently on track to achieve its 2020 target. Compliance is verified by DWR s review of the SB X7-7 Verification Form submitted with an agency s 2015 UWMP. The SB X7-7 standard tables are found in Appendix C and summarized below. 5.1 Guidance for Wholesale Agencies IWA is not a wholesale agency; therefore, this section does not apply. 5.2 Updated Calculations from 2010 UWMP CWC (g) An urban retail water supplier may update its 2020 urban water use target in its 2015 urban water management plan required pursuant to Part 2.6 (commencing with Section 10610). Methodologies DWR 2011, Methodology 2 Service Area Population Page 27 - Water suppliers may revise population estimates for baseline years between 2000 and 2010 when 2010 census information becomes available. DWR will examine discrepancy between the actual population estimate and DOF s projections for 2010; if significant discrepancies are discovered, DWR may require some or all suppliers to update their baseline population estimates. The following subsections detail the changes from the 2010 UWMP based on direction from DWR Update of Target Method In the 2010 UWMP, IWA calculated a 2020 Urban Water Use Target through the use of a selected target method. The same target method, method 1, is used in the 2015 UWMP U.S. Census Data After examining a sample of data from Department of Finance, DWR has determined that significant discrepancies exist between DOF s projected populations for 2010 (based on 2000 U.S. Census data) and actual population for 2010, based on 2010 U. S. Census data. Although IWA used the 2010 census data in their estimates for population in the 2010 UWMP, the City of Indio boundary was used to determine service area population. This resulted in overestimating IWA s service area population by 8 percent for Updated population estimates based on IWA s actual service area boundary and the 2010 U. S. Census area used in the 2015 UWMP as presented in Section Urban Water Management Plan 5-1 Final Report

38 Section 5 Baselines and Targets SB X7-7 Verification Form Section 5 includes many of the standardized tables of the SB X7-7 Verification Form. The complete set of tables can be found in Appendix C. 5.3 Baseline Periods CWC (e) An urban retail water supplier shall include in its urban water management plan due in the baseline daily per capita water use along with the bases for determining those estimates, including references to supporting data. (g) An urban retail water supplier may update its 2020 urban water use target in its 2015 urban water management plan required pursuant to Part 2.6 (commencing with Section 10610). Under Section of SB X7-7, urban retail water suppliers are required to report a baseline daily per capita water use, an urban water use target, an interim urban water use target, and a compliance daily per capita water use in their 2015 UWMP. Supporting data and bases for the estimates are also required. To calculate the baseline water use, the supplier must first define the base period. This is either a 10- year period if recycled water use in 2008 was less than 10 percent of the total water delivered or a 15- year period if recycled water use in 2008 was greater than 10 percent. IWA did not supply any recycled water in 2008; therefore, their baseline water use is based on a 10-year base period. In addition to the 10-year base period, DWR also requires that an evaluation be performed over a 5-year continuous period, ending no earlier than December 31, 2007 and no later than December 31, 2010; this is used to confirm that the selected 2020 target meets the minimum water use reduction requirements. Table 5-1 presents the baseline period ranges which have remained unchanged since the 2010 UWMP. Table 5-1 Baseline Period Ranges (SB X7-7 Table 1) Baseline Parameter Value Units 10- to 15-year baseline period 5-year baseline period 2008 total water deliveries 22,160 Acre Feet 2008 total volume of delivered recycled water 0 Acre Feet 2008 recycled water as a percent of total deliveries 0.00% Percent Number of years in baseline period 1 10 Years Year beginning baseline period range 2001 Year ending baseline period range Number of years in baseline period 5 Years Year beginning baseline period range 2003 Year ending baseline period range If the 2008 recycled water percent is less than 10 percent, then the first baseline period is a continuous 10-year period. If the amount of recycled water delivered in 2008 is 10 percent or greater, the first baseline period is a continuous 10- to 15-year period. 2 The ending year must be between December 31, 2004 and December 31, The ending year must be between December 31, 2007 and December 31, Final Report Urban Water Management Plan

39 5.3.1 Determination of the Year Baseline Period (Baseline GPCD) CWC (b) Base daily per capita water use means any of the following: Section 5 Baselines and Targets (1) The urban retail water supplier s estimate of its average gross water use, reported in gallons per capita per day and calculated over a continuous 10-year period ending no earlier than December 31, 2004, and no later than December 31, (2) For an urban retail water supplier that meets at least 10 percent of its 2008 measured retail water demand through recycled water that is delivered within the service area of an urban retail water supplier or its urban wholesale water supplier, the urban retail water supplier may extend the calculation described in paragraph (1) up to an additional five years to a maximum of a continuous 15-year period ending no earlier than December 31, 2004, and no later than December 31, IWA did not supply recycled water in Therefore IWA uses a 10-year baseline period. The same period used in the 2010 UWMP, from 2001 to 2010, is used in the 2015 UWMP Determination of the 5-Year Baseline Period (Target Confirmation) CWC (b) (3) For the purposes of Section , the urban retail water supplier s estimate of its average gross water use, reported in gallons per capita per day and calculated over a continuous five-year period ending no earlier than December 31, 2007, and no later than December 31, For IWA s 5-year baseline period, the same period used in the 2010 UWMP, from 2003 to 2007, is used in the 2015 UWMP. 5.4 Service Area Population CWC (e) An urban retail water supplier shall include in its urban water management plan due in 2010 the baseline per capita water use, along with the bases for determining those estimates, including references to supporting data. (f) When calculating per capita values for the purposes of this chapter, an urban retail water supplier shall determine population using federal, state, and local population reports and projections. CWC10644 (a)(2) The plan shall include any standardized forms, tables or displays specified by the department. IWA service area populations for the baseline period ranges shown in Table 5-1 were updated based on the DWR Population Tool. The tool requires the number of single-family and multi-family residential connections to estimate population. Since number of connections is not available for the 1990 or 2000 Census years, the persons per single-family and multi-family connections is based on the 2010 Census year and number of connections; in 2010, there are an average of 2.74 persons per single-family connection and persons per multi-family connection. The number of service connections were 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 5-3 Final Report

40 Section 5 Baselines and Targets available for 2004 through 2010, so population for are interpolated between 2000 census population and estimated 2004 population. Table 5-2 summarizes IWA s service area population for the baseline periods. 5.5 Gross Water Use CWC (g) Gross Water Use means the total volume of water, whether treated or untreated, entering the distribution system of an urban retail water supplier, excluding all of the following: (1) Recycled water that is delivered within the service area of an urban retail water supplier or its urban wholesale water supplier (2) The net volume of water that the urban retail water supplier places into long term storage (3) The volume of water the urban retail water supplier conveys for use by another urban water supplier (4) The volume of water delivered for agricultural use, except as otherwise provided in subdivision (f) of Section California Code of Regulations Title 23 Division 2 Chapter 5.1 Article Section 596 (a) An urban retail water supplier that has a substantial percentage of industrial water use in its service area is eligible to exclude the process water use of existing industrial water customers from the calculation of its gross water use to avoid a disproportionate burden on another customer sector The Gross Water Use for each of the years in the baseline period is rather straightforward for IWA as their sole water source during the period has been groundwater. There have been no imports, exports, changes in system storage, indirect recycled water use, or agricultural deliveries. Gross water use for the baseline periods is summarized in Table Baseline Daily Per Capita Water Use The daily per capita water use is calculated as the ratio of the gross water use to the population. Annual and baseline period average gallons per capita per day is presented in Table 5-3. Final Report Urban Water Management Plan

41 Section 5 Baselines and Targets Year Table 5-2 Service Area Population Single-family Connections Multi-family Connections Population 1990 (Census) Not available 37, (Census) Not available 48, * Not available 49, * Not available 51, * Not available 52, , , , , , , , , , , , , (Census) 18, , , , , , , , , , , ,847 NOTES: Years 2001 to 2003 interpolated from 2000 Census population (48,551) to 2004 estimate Urban Water Management Plan 5-5 Final Report

42 Section 5 Baselines and Targets Baseline Year Fm SB X7-7 Table 3 Table 5-3 Gallons per Capita per Day (GPCD) (SB X7-7 Table 5) Service Area Population Fm SB X7-7 Table 3 Annual Gross Water Use (AF) Fm SB X7-7 Table 4 Daily Per Capita Water Use (GPCD) 10 to 15 Year Baseline GPCD Year ,888 20, Year ,225 19, Year ,562 18, Year ,900 20, Year ,753 20, Year ,831 23, Year ,675 24, Year ,627 24, Year ,676 23, Year ,330 21, Year Average Baseline GPCD Year Baseline GPCD Year ,562 18, Year ,900 20, Year ,753 20, Year ,831 23, Year ,675 24, Year Average Baseline GPCD Compliance Year GPCD ,847 18, and 2020 Baselines and Target Summary CWC (e) An urban retail water supplier shall include in its urban water management plan due in 2010 urban water use target, interim urban water use target, along with the bases for determining those estimates, including references to supporting data ( (e)). CWC (g) An urban retail water supplier may update its 2020 urban water use target in its 2015 urban water management plan An urban retail water supplier must set a 2020 water use target and a 2015 interim target using one of four methods: Method 1: Eighty percent of the water supplier s baseline per capita water use Final Report Urban Water Management Plan

43 Section 5 Baselines and Targets Method 2: Per capita daily water use estimated using the sum of performance standards applied to indoor residential use; landscaped area water use; and Commercial, Industrial and Institutional (CII) uses Method 3: Ninety-five percent of the applicable state hydrologic region target. Method 4: Baseline per capita water use minus savings from achieving water conservation measures in three water sectors (CII, Residential Indoor, and Landscape water use along with losses). Method 2 and method 4 were not calculated in the 2010 UWMP. Since the same method used in the 2010 UWMP is being used in this 2015 UWMP, the water use targets determined using method 2 and method 4 are not calculated in this plan either. In accordance with Water Code Section , the 2020 urban water use target also must be less than the Minimum Water Use Reduction Requirement, which is calculated as 95% of the 5-year base daily per capita water use. For IWA, this is 316 GPCD. Thus, the 2020 Water Use Target cannot exceed 316 GPCD. Table 5-4 presents potential 2020 Water Use Targets for IWA. Table 5-4 Potential Water Use Targets for 2020 Approach/Method Description Target (GPCD) 10-year baseline per capita daily use year baseline per capita daily use % of water supplier s baseline per capita use for the 10- or 15- year baseline period Per capita daily water use estimated using the sum of performance standards applied to indoor residential, landscaped area water use; and CII uses Not calculated 3 95% of the applicable state hydrologic region target Baseline per capita water use less savings from achieving water conservation measures in three water sectors (CII, Residential Indoor, and Landscape water use along with losses) Minimum Reduction Requirement Not calculated 95% of Baseline per capita daily use for the 5-year period Compliance Daily per Capita Water Use (GPCD) CWC (e) Compliance daily per-capita water use means the gross water use during the final year of the reporting period CWC (a) Each urban retail water supplier shall meet its interim urban water use target by December 31, CWC Urban Water Management Plan 5-7 Final Report

44 Section 5 Baselines and Targets (e) An urban retail water supplier shall include in its urban water management plan due in compliance daily per capita water use, along with the bases for determining those estimates, including references to supporting data. Method 1 is selected as the 2020 water use target for IWA. The interim 2015 water use target is calculated as the average of the 10-year baseline period per capita daily water use and the minimum reduction for 2020 water use target. IWA s 2015 per capita daily water use of 214 GPCD is currently below the 2020 target of 262 GPCD. Table 5-5 summarizes the calculated water use targets. Table 5-5 Urban Water Use Targets and Compliance Water Use GPCD Percent Change from Baseline 10-year baseline per capita daily use interim water use target % 2015 actual water use % 2020 water use target % Adjustments to 2015 Gross Water Use CWC (d)(1) When determining compliance daily per capita water use, an urban retail water supplier may consider the following factors: (A) Differences in evapotranspiration and rainfall in the baseline period compared to the compliance reporting period. (B) Substantial changes to commercial or industrial water use resulting from increased business output and economic development that have occurred during the reporting period. (C) Substantial changes to institutional water use resulting from fire suppression services or other extraordinary events, or from new or expanded operations, that have occurred during the reporting period. (2) If the urban retail water supplier elects to adjust its estimate of compliance daily per capita water use due to one or more of the factors described in paragraph (1), it shall provide the basis for, and data supporting, the adjustment in the report required by Section Methodology Document, Methodology 4 This section discusses adjustments to compliance-year GPCD because of changes in distribution area caused by mergers, annexation, and other scenarios that occur between the baseline and compliance years. Allowable adjustments include extraordinary events, weather normalization, and economic adjustments. No adjustments are made to IWA s 2015 water use. Final Report Urban Water Management Plan

45 5.9 Regional Alliance Section 5 Baselines and Targets An urban water supplier may satisfy the requirements of CWC by participation in areawide, regional, watershed, or basin wide urban water management planning (Regional Alliance) where those plans will reduce preparation costs and contribute to the achievement of conservation and efficient water use. IWA did not choose to comply with the SB X7-7 requirements through a Regional Alliance Urban Water Management Plan 5-9 Final Report

46 This page left intentionally blank

47 SECTION 6 SYSTEM SUPPLIES This section describes the water supplies currently available to IWA and those planned for the 25-year period covered by the 2015 UWMP. Throughout the Valley, the only direct water source employed for potable urban water use is local groundwater. Although both CVWD and DWA have contracted for State Water Project (SWP) and Colorado River water, these waters are currently used only to either replenish the groundwater basin via recharge, or for agricultural irrigation and other non-urban purposes. Colorado River water is delivered to the Coachella Valley via the Coachella Canal, while SWP is exchanged for Colorado River water. IWA is exploring opportunities for agreements with CVWD to allow IWA to treat and serve Colorado River water as an urban water source in the future. 6.1 Purchased or Imported Water Two principal imported water supplies of the Coachella Valley are Colorado River water and SWP water. The Coachella Branch of the All-American Canal, which brings in Colorado River water from the All-American Canal near the Mexico-U.S. border, traverses the southeastern margin of the Valley. The Canal turns southwest around in northern Indio and terminates at man-made Lake Cahuilla, located in La Quinta. CVWD and DWA also obtain imported water from the SWP under separate contracts with the State of California. Since CVWD and DWA do not have a direct connection to the SWP, this water is exchanged with the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD) for water from its Colorado River Aqueduct located north of Palm Springs (CVWD, 2010) Coachella Canal The Colorado River is managed and operated in accordance with the Law of the River, a series of interstate compacts, federal and state legislation, and contracts that govern rights to Colorado River water. In 2003, CVWD, Imperial Irrigation District (IID), MWD, San Diego County Water Authority, the State of California, and the U.S. Department of the Interior successfully completed negotiation of the Quantification Settlement Agreement (QSA). The QSA quantifies the Colorado River water allocations of California s agricultural water contractors for the next 75 years and provides for the transfer of water between agencies. Under the QSA, CVWD has a base allotment of 330,000 AFY. In accordance with the QSA, CVWD has entered into water transfer agreements with MWD and IID that increase CVWD supplies by an additional 129,000 AFY by 2026 (CVWD, 2014). As of 2015, CVWD receives 392,000 AFY of Colorado River water deliveries under the Quantification Settlement Agreement. CVWD s allocation will increase to 459,000 AFY of Colorado River water by 2026 and remain at that level until The allocation will then be reduced to 456,000 AFY for the remainder of the 75 year term of the QSA. After deducting conveyance and distribution losses, approximately 378,000 AFY was available for CVWD use in This supply will increase to 445,000 by 2026 (CVWD, 2014). CVWD currently uses its Colorado River water supply for agricultural and golf course irrigation, groundwater recharge, and other non-potable uses. CVWD has long-term plans to treat Colorado River water for domestic (potable) water supply Urban Water Management Plan 6-1 Final Report

48 Section 6 System Supplies IWA intends to purchase Colorado River water from CVWD to be treated at the future Surface Water Treatment Plant. The delivery agreement will be developed in accordance with the June 30, 2009 CVWD-City of Indio Settlement Agreement Section 2.d. (2): In order to facilitate new projects implemented by Indio that make reasonable and beneficial use of water, CVWD will agree to sell Colorado River water for use as groundwater recharge in such projects at a rate equal to the rate that is charged to any CVWD recharge project. The amount of surface water purchased will be based on the Surface Water Treatment Plant capacity and desire to achieve IWA s goal of not exceeding 20,000 AFY of groundwater production (see Section for current and historical groundwater production). For the purpose of this UWMP, it is assumed that deliveries of a new imported surface water supply would commence in 2020 at 5,000 AFY, with 10,000 AFY by 2025 and 20,000 AFY by State Water Project The SWP is managed by the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) and consists of 660 miles of aqueduct and conveyance facilities extending from Lake Oroville in northern California to Lake Perris in the south. The State of California has contracts to deliver million AFY to 29 contracting agencies. Both CVWD and DWA are among the agencies holding contracts with the State of California for SWP water. Their original allocations were 23,100 AFY and 38,100 AFY, respectively. Through various agreements and purchases, both CVWD and DWA have been able to increase their total allocations of Table A 1 SWP water. Since 2010, CVWD s total allocation of Table A water is 138,350 AFY and DWA s allocation is 55,750 AFY for a total of 194,100 AFY to the Valley. However, the amount of water that they are actually allocated in any given year is based on the amount of SWP hydrologically available in that year. For example, in 2015, the allocation was only 20 percent of the total amount contracted. Neither agency has a direct physical connection to the SWP by which they can receive SWP water. Rather, their SWP water is delivered to MWD and in exchange, MWD delivers an equal amount of water to the Coachella Valley via its Colorado River Aqueduct, which traverses the Valley near Whitewater. The water obtained through the SWP contracts and the exchange agreement with MWD are used for groundwater replenishment at the Whitewater River and Mission Creek replenishment facilities. Deliveries of SWP Exchange water first commenced in 1973; since that time, more than 3 million acre-feet of this water has been replenished in the Coachella Valley. Under the Advance Delivery Agreement, MWD can pre-deliver up to 800,000 AF of Colorado River water to the Valley. This agreement gives MWD the flexibility to deliver CVWD s and DWA s SWP allocations either from their Colorado River Aqueduct or from water previously stored in the basin. Advanced delivery of the SWP Exchange water allows the groundwater basin to benefit from higher groundwater levels than would occur without the agreement. As of December 31, 2015, there was 200,161 AF in MWD s Advanced Delivery account. 1 Each SWP contract contains a Table A exhibit which defines the maximum annual amount of water each contractor can receive excluding certain interruptible deliveries. Table A Amounts are used by DWR to allocate available SWP supplies and some of the SWP project costs among the contractors. Final Report Urban Water Management Plan

49 Section 6 System Supplies 6.2 Groundwater The primary source of potable water supply in the Coachella Valley is groundwater. The Coachella Valley Groundwater Basin (DWR Basin No. 7-21) encompasses the entire floor of the Coachella Valley and consists of five subbasins: San Gorgonio Pass, Whitewater (Indio), Garnet Hill, Mission Creek and Desert Hot Springs subbasins. The most largest groundwater subbasin in the Valley is the unadjudicated Whitewater River Subbasin, designated the Indio Subbasin (Basin No ) in DWR Bulletin No. 118 (DWR, 2003),. The Whitewater River Subbasin extends from the northwest edge of the Upper Valley near Whitewater to the Salton Sea in the Lower Valley (DWR, 2003). The two subbasins are estimated to have a combined storage capacity of approximately 30 million acre-feet (DWR, 1964). Much of the groundwater in the Whitewater River Basin originated from deep percolation of rainfall and stream runoff from the adjacent mountains. This basin is composed of four subareas: Palm Springs, Thermal, Thousand Palms, and Oasis subareas. From a management perspective, the subbasin is divided into two management areas designated the Upper Whitewater River Subbasin Area of Benefit (AOB) and the Lower Whitewater River Subbasin AOB. CVWD manages the Lower Whitewater River Subbasin AOB, while DWA and CVWD jointly operate a groundwater replenishment program in the Upper Whitewater River Subbasin AOB. Groundwater has historically been the sole source of supply for IWA. Supplies for the City of Indio are primarily from the lower aquifer in the Lower Whitewater River Subbasin. Because the Whitewater River Basin is an un-adjudicated basin, IWA does not hold specific water rights, but rather pumps supplies from the aquifer as needed to meet demands within its service area. IWA currently has 20 operational supply wells. Pumping capacities for these wells range from 1,200 gpm to 3,500 gpm, with a total pumping capacity of 74,600 AFY. Figure 6-1 illustrates the locations of IWA supply wells. Table 6-1 summarizes capacity by groundwater well Urban Water Management Plan 6-3 Final Report

50 Indio Water Authority Groundwater Wells Key to Features IWA Service Area WELL 13A Groundwater Well Source: IWA 10 Basemap Source: Cal-Atlas, California Hillshade (30m) WELL AA WELL BB WELL T WELL W WELL 2D WELL 2C WELL 1B WELL 1C WELL 1E WELL 4B WELL 4C WELL 4A 10 ST 111 WELL 3C WELL 3B WELL 3A ST 86S WELL S WELL 2 WELL V WELL U ST 111 º Miles Document: \\Uspas1s01\muni\Clients\ Indio Water Authority\2015 UWMP\14 Electronic Files - Modeling\GIS\_MXDs\ Fig6_Wells.mxd Figure 6-1

51 Section 6 System Supplies Well Table 6-1 Capacity by Groundwater Well Reported Capacity GPM AFY 1C 1,180 1,903 1E 2,620 4,226 4A 2,510 4,049 4B 2,040 3,291 4C 2,600 4,194 T 2,930 4,726 S 2,850 4,597 V 3,470 5,597 AA 2,560 4,129 13A 2,240 3,613 1B* 1,910 3,081 2C* 1,260 2,032 2D* 2,390 3,855 3A* 1,460 2,355 3B* 1,470 2,371 3C* 1,650 2,661 U* 2,530 4,081 W* 3,220 5,194 Z* 2,330 3,758 BB* 3,020 4,871 Total (Active) 1 25,000 40,325 Total (All) 46,240 74,584 1 Total (Active) is the sum of wells not marked with (*). Wells marked with (*) are impacted by Chromium-6 and are not currently in service Basin Description CWC (b) If groundwater is identified as an existing or planned source of water available to the supplier, all of the following information shall be included in the plan: (2) A description of any groundwater basin or basins from which the urban water supplier pumps groundwater. IWA overlies the Whitewater River Subbasin, the largest groundwater subbasin in the Coachella Valley Groundwater Basin system. The Subbasin is bordered on the southwest by the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains and is separated from Garnet Hill, Mission Creek, and Desert Hot Springs Subbasins to the north and east by the Garnet Hill and San Andreas faults (CVWD, 2010; DWR, 1964). The Garnet Hill fault, which extends southeastward from the north side of San Gorgonio Pass to the Indio Hills, is a relatively effective barrier to groundwater movement from the Garnet Hill Subbasin into the Whitewater River Subbasin, with some portions in the shallower zones more permeable. The San 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 6-5 Final Report

52 Section 6 System Supplies Andreas fault, extending southeastward from the junction of the Mission Creek and Banning faults in the Indio Hills and continuing out of the basin on the east flank of the Salton Sea, is also an effective barrier to groundwater movement from the northeast (MWH, 2012). In the upper portion of the Whitewater River Subbasin, underlying sediments profiles consist of coarse sand and gravel with minor amounts of clay. The aquifer in this area is unconfined, allowing water that applied on the ground surface to percolate directly into the underlying aquifer system, making recharge simple and efficient (CVWD, 2010). Figure 6-2 illustrates the hydrogeologic profile of the Upper and Lower Whitewater River Subbasins. As illustrated, a confining layer, or aquitard, begins near Indio and La Quinta that continues south to the Salton Sea, conceptually dividing the Lower Valley into four main hydrogeologic units: the semi-perched aquifer, the upper aquifer, the aquitard or confining layer, and the lower aquifer. The 100 to 200 footthick aquitard restricts groundwater flow between the upper and lower aquifers in the Lower Whitewater Subbasin AOB, and generally slows the deep percolation of surface runoff and applied irrigation water (CVWD, 2002). Figure 6-2 Hydrogeologic Profile of the Whitewater River Subbasin (CVWD, 2002) Groundwater Management CWC (b)... If groundwater is identified as an existing or planned source of water available to the supplier, all of the following information shall be included in the plan: Final Report Urban Water Management Plan

53 Section 6 System Supplies (1) A copy of any groundwater management plan adopted by the urban water supplier or any other specific authorization for groundwater management. (2) For basins that a court or the board has adjudicated the rights to pump groundwater, a copy of the order or decree adopted by the court or the board and a description of the amount of groundwater the urban water supplier has the legal right to pump under the order or decree. Historically, the annual amount of groundwater pumped in the Valley has exceeded the natural and artificial recharge rate resulting in an overdraft condition in Whitewater River Subbasin. CVWD undertook the preparation of a water management plan in 2002 with the goal of eliminating groundwater overdraft and its associated adverse impacts (MWH and Water Consult, 2002). CVWD commenced planning and implementation of programs to acquire additional water supplies and construct projects to reduce overdraft. In CVWD adopted the 2010 Water Management Plan Update and Supplemental Program Environmental Impact Report that addressed changes to population projections, water demands, water supply availability, and other factors since the 2002 Water Management Plan (MWH, 2012). This updated plan covers the relevant requirements of California s Groundwater Management Planning Act (Water Code Part 2.75). IWA, along with other water purveyors in the Valley, make up the Coachella Valley Regional Water Management Group and develop the Integrated Regional Water Management Plan for proper management of groundwater resources. Main elements of groundwater management include increasing imported water supplies, conservation, recharge, and source substitution, to eliminate overdraft. The Coachella Valley Water Management Plan (MWH, 2012), Mission Creek/Garnet Hill Water Management Plan (MWH, 2013), Engineer s Reports on Water Supply and Replenishment Assessment (Krieger & Stewart [K&S] and MWH, 2016), Urban Water Management Plans, and State Water Project Extension Project Development Plan (GEI et al., 2011) make up the guiding planning documents for groundwater management in the region (CVRWMG, 2010) Overdraft Conditions CWC (b)(2) For basins that have not been adjudicated, (provide) information as to whether the department has identified the basin or basins as overdrafted or has projected that the basin will become overdrafted if present management conditions continue, in the most current official departmental bulletin that characterizes the condition of the groundwater basin, and a detailed description of the efforts being undertaken by the urban water supplier to eliminate the long-term overdraft condition. Groundwater overdraft has been a documented problem in the Whitewater River Subbasin for a many years. DWR Bulletin 118 (2003) identified groundwater overdraft as primary challenge in the Coachella Valley. CVWD first recognized the importance of groundwater overdraft in the first half of the 20 th Century as increased agricultural pumping lowered groundwater levels. Overdraft in the eastern portion of the Whitewater River Subbasin was initially eliminated with the introduction of Colorado River supplies in However, development in the Valley again resulted in overdraft. CVWD and DWA contracted for SWP water in the early 1960s, with deliveries of SWP Exchange Water to the Whitewater River Replenishment Facility located north of Palm Springs commencing in As growth continued, 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 6-7 Final Report

54 Section 6 System Supplies overdraft became more significant, prompting CVWD to commence development of a water management plan in the early 1990s. As discussed previously, the water management plan was adopted in 2002 and updated in 2012 to implement overdraft reduction programs. These programs have focused on water conservation, water supply acquisition, projects to replenish the groundwater basin, and source substitution projects to convert users from groundwater pumping to recycled water and imported water supplies. In the eastern portion of the Whitewater River Subbasin, IWA s urban water source, groundwater levels had been declining since about The relatively low natural recharge rate compared to annual pumping has resulted in historical overdraft conditions; the Whitewater River Subbasin receives an average natural recharge of 45,900 AFY, with a range of 7,900 AFY to 193,800 AFY depending on annual precipitation values (CVWD et al., 2015). In response, CVWD implemented a groundwater replenishment program (GRP) to recharge the subbasin at two sites in the eastern Coachella Valley. The Dike 4 pilot replenishment project began in 1997, and the Thomas E. Levy Replenishment Facility became fully operational in June 2009, with a full-scale capacity of 40,000 AFY. The Martinez Canyon pilot replenishment project, designed for 4,000 AFY, began operation in 2004 to determine if conditions at the site were suitable for groundwater replenishment. Although operation of the Martinez Canyon pilot replenishment facilities was suspended in 2014, CVWD continues to monitor and evaluate the need and feasibility of replenishment in the Martinez Canyon alluvial fan. As of the end of 2015, the combined cumulative total replenishment at the two sites was 271,289 AF (K&S and MWH, 2016). Costs for replenishment under CVWD s GRP are recovered through a Replenishment Assessment Charge (RAC) applied to all non-exempted groundwater production (25 AFY or more). The East Whitewater River Subbasin AOB RAC is recommended to be levied at $66 per AF (set forth in Proposition 218 proceedings), consistent with CVWD's recently completed 2016 Cost of Service Study, effective July 1, 2016 (K&S and MWH, 2016). IWA is subject to this fee for all groundwater produced Historical Groundwater Pumping CWC (b)...if groundwater is identified as an existing or planned source of water available to the supplier, all of the following information shall be included in the plan: (3) A detailed description and analysis of the location, amount, and sufficiency of groundwater pumped by the urban water supplier for the past five years. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is reasonably available, including, but not limited to, historic use records. IWA historical groundwater pumping is summarized in Table 6-2. Groundwater pumping has declined over the last five years as a result of conservation and drought restrictions in the region. Groundwater pumping is directly proportional to total demand as groundwater is currently the sole supply of potable water within IWA s service area. Final Report Urban Water Management Plan

55 Section 6 System Supplies Table 6-2 Groundwater Volume Pumped (DWR Table 6-1 R) Groundwater Type Location or Basin Name Alluvial Basin (AF) Whitewater River Subbasin 22,167 21,666 21,770 21,477 18,208 TOTAL 22,167 21,666 21,770 21,477 18, Local Surface Water IWA does not currently use or intend to use any surface water (non-imported surface water) as part of its water supply; see Section for a discussion on imported surface 6.4 Stormwater IWA does not currently use stormwater as a water supply. All stormwater either percolates into the groundwater basin or is conveyed to the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel (CVSC). Stormwater capture may become a potential future supply but is not currently being considered due to the low average volume of water available for capture. As the local flood control authority, CVWD considers delivery of treated stormwater as a potential future potable or nonpotable water supply. 6.5 Wastewater and Recycled Water This section of the UWMP describes the existing and future recycled water opportunities available to IWA s service area. Recycled water currently plays a limited role in the water supply throughout the Coachella Valley, but recycled water use has become an integral part of future supply planning in the region Recycled Water Coordination CWC The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water and its potential for use as a water source in the service area of the urban water supplier. The preparation of the plan shall be coordinated with local water, wastewater, groundwater, and planning agencies that operate within the supplier s service area. Wastewater treatment services for the City of Indio are predominantly provided by Valley Sanitary District (VSD). IWA and VSD are working together to develop recycled water program to augment the local water supply and will be releasing an Environmental Impact Report in anticipation of new facilities. IWA recently completed a 2011 Recycled Water Master Plan and 2016 Recycled Water Feasibility Study to assess potential customers and infrastructure build-out to support recycled water service within their service area Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal CWC Urban Water Management Plan 6-9 Final Report

56 Section 6 System Supplies (a) (Describe) the wastewater collection and treatment systems in the supplier s service area, including a quantification of the amount of wastewater collected and treated and the methods of wastewater disposal. CWC (b) (Describe) the quantity of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, is being discharged, and is otherwise available for use in a recycled water project. The City of Indio is served by two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs): one is owned by VSD and the other by CVWD Wastewater Collected Within Service Area The CVWD WRP-7, treats a small percentage of the City s wastewater. The WWTP is located at Avenue 38 and Madison Street in the City of Indio. WRP-7 is a tertiary treatment facility and the effluent produced is recycled for non-potable uses for CVWD customers. The VSD WWTP is located on Van Buren Street in the City of Indio and provides services to 96 percent of the City s population. Currently, the majority of the effluent from VSD WWTP is discharged to the CVSC while a small percentage is sent to tribal lands for irrigation. According to the 2015 Water Reclamation Facility Master plan, the current capacity of VSD s WWTP is approximately 6.0 MGD and the facility will ultimately expand to accommodate a capacity of 20.0 MGD (VSD, 2015). The volume of wastewater collected by VSD for 2015 is not available for the period of June to December Wastewater effluent at the VSD WWTP in 2015 totaled 6,300 AF. Figure 6-3 illustrates VSD s service area boundary. Final Report Urban Water Management Plan

57 Valley Sanitary District Service Area Key to Features IWA Service Area Valley Sanitary District Service Area 10 Basemap Source: Cal-Atlas, California Hillshade (30m) 10 ST 111 ST 86S ST 111 º Miles Document: \\Uspas1s01\muni\Clients\ Indio Water Authority\2015 UWMP\14 Electronic Files - Modeling\GIS\_MXDs\ Fig7_VSD.mxd Figure 6-3

58 Section 6 System Supplies Wastewater Treatment and Discharge within Service Area The VSD WWTP operates three parallel treatment processes: an activated sludge treatment process; an biological treatment pond process; and a constructed wetlands treatment process. The biological treatment pond system serves no wastewater treatment purpose and has been recommended for decommissioning (VSD, 2015). In 2015, VSD delivered 272 AF of secondary effluent for irrigation use. Any effluent that is not reused is discharged to the CVSC which flows directly to the Salton Sea. The Wetlands Treatment Project was developed to expand the VSD wastewater treatment process. This site has become a home for the Coachella Valley Wild Bird Center and provides a migratory and resident waterfowl and shorebird habitat as well as community education and recreational benefits. The 15-acre natural system treats up to 1 MGD of primary effluent (VSD, 2003). Flows from the wetland discharge into the CVSC. Approximately 96 percent of the plant effluent is sent to the CVSC, and the remaining effluent is provided to adjacent tribal lands for irrigation (spray). Of the effluent sent to the CVSC, 1.0 MGD comes from the Wetland Treatment Project just south of the WWTP (B&V, 2008b). Regional Water Quality Control Board Order No. R NPDES permit limits for discharge to the CVSC include: CBOD < 25 mg/l, TSS < 30 mg/l, 6.0 < ph < 9.0, fecal coliform < 200 MPN/100ml, Cl < 0.01 mg/l, and Oil and Grease < 25 mg/l. Sludge build up in the ponds is dewatered and sludge disposed as fertilizer, soil conditioner or compost and hauled to farming operations in the Coachella Valley. Table 6-3 summarizes the wastewater treatment and discharge within IWA s service area. Wastewater Treatment Plant Name Valley SD WWTP Discharge Location Name or Identifier CVSC Table 6-3 Wastewater Treatment and Discharge within Service Area 2015 volumes (AF) Discharge Treatment Recycled Location Wastewater Treated Discharged Level Within Description Service Treated Wastewater Area Surface water discharge Recycled Outside of Service Area Secondary, Undisinfected 6,324 6, Total 6,324 6, Recycled Water System CWC (c) (Describe) the recycled water currently being used in the supplier s service area, including, but not limited to, the type, place, and quantity of use. No recycled water system currently exists within IWA s service area. However, the 2016 Recycled Water Feasibility Study expands on the 2011 Recycled Water Master Plan and identifies a roll out of a potential recycled water system in two phases. Figure 6-4 shows the proposed recycled water system from the 2016 Recycled Water Feasibility Study (Carollo, 2016). Final Report Urban Water Management Plan

59 Monroe St 2 3 P- ' 0' 45th Ave P-2 24'' /3 20 Westward Ho Dr 20 30'' P-16 P-14 Phase 1 Phase 2 # * # * 44th Ave 18'' P-5 Dr Carreon Blvd 30'' 30'' P-18 Arabia St Jefferson St 30'' P-17 8'' Phase 242nd Ave ASR Wells 36/60'' P-13 Phase 1 Phase 2 Pipelines 1 Phase 1 Phase 2 Potential Recycled Water Customers VSD WWTP j k Pumps P-8 P-1 P-15 4 Phase 1 WWTP-1 P-1 WWTP-2 30'' '' 30 E A Irrigated Area City of Indio Limits 48th Ave T-2 50th Ave 5 52nd Ave 6 O Calhoun St PS-2 P-20 Monroe St 12'' j k 7 0 Jackson St 30'' 49th Ave P-19 48th Ave Madison St Dune Palms Rd 46th Ave 18'' j k Tyler St Clinton St Fred Waring Dr Miles Ave P-9 20'' 19 8'' P-6 20'' lvd ASRW-1 ASRW-2 P-4 43rd Ave # #* * P-7 Jackson St 42nd Ave io B 40th Ave Proposed Recycled Water Facilities Tanks 22 3 PS-1 P-11 20'' j k 20'' P-10 T-1 Ind Legend 41st Ave 20'' $ "! Tyler St Harrison St Van Buren St 40th Ave 3,500 Feet 7,000 Figure CIP Map Recycled Water Master Plan Indio Water Authority