Australian/New Zealand Standard

Transcription

1 AS/NZS :1997 (Incorporating Amendment Nos. 1, 2 and 3) AS/NZS :1997 Australian/New Zealand Standard Performance of household electrical appliances Refrigerating appliances Part 1: Energy consumption and performance

2 AS/NZS :1997 This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Technical Committee EL-015, Quality and Performance of Household Electrical Appliances. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 24 February 1997 and on behalf of the Council of Standards New Zealand on 21 February This Standard was published on 5 May The following are represented on Committee EL-015: Australian Association of Certification Bodies Australian Consumers Association Australian Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers Association Australian Retailers Association Consumer Electronics Suppliers Association, Australia Department of Energy, N.S.W. Department of Mines and Energy, Qld Electrical Supply Association of Australia Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority of New Zealand Metal Trades Industry Association of Australia National Appliance Energy Efficiency Coordinating Committee, Australia New Zealand Manufacturers Federation Office of the Chief Electrical Inspector, Vic. Testing Interest Keeping Standards up-to-date Standards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology and systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued. Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments which may have been published since the Standard was purchased. Detailed information about joint Australian/New Zealand Standards can be found by visiting the Standards Web Shop at or Standards New Zealand web site at and looking up the relevant Standard in the on-line catalogue. Alternatively, both organizations publish an annual printed Catalogue with full details of all current Standards. For more frequent listings or notification of revisions, amendments and withdrawals, Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand offer a number of update options. For information about these services, users should contact their respective national Standards organization. We also welcome suggestions for improvement in our Standards, and especially encourage readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Please address your comments to the Chief Executive of either Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand at the address shown on the back cover. This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR

3 AS/NZS :1997 (Incorporating Amendment Nos. 1, 2 and 3) Australian/New Zealand Standard Performance of household electrical appliances Refrigerating appliances Part 1: Energy consumption and performance Originated in Australia as AS B Previous Australian editions AS and part of AS Originated in New Zealand as NZS 6205:1982. AS and part of AS /NZS :1989 jointly revised, amalgamated and redesignated as AS/NZS :1997. Reissued incorporating Amendment No. 1 (December 2001). Reissued incorporating Amendment No. 2 (April 2004). Reissued incorporating Amendment No. 3 (December 2004). COPYRIGHT Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher. Jointly published by Standards Australia, GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001 and Standards New Zealand, Private Bag 2439, Wellington 6020 ISBN

4 AS/NZS : PREFACE A1 This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee EL-015, Quality and Performance of Household Electrical Appliances to supersede AS , Household refrigerators and freezers, and to supersede, in part, AS /NZS :1989, Energy labelling of appliances, Part 2: Refrigerators, refrigerator/freezers and freezers-determination of energy consumption and efficiency rating, on 1 October This Standard incorporates Amendment No. 1 (December 2001), Amendment No. 2 (April 2004) and Amendment No. 3 (December 2004). The changes required by the Amendments are indicated in the text by a marginal bar and amendment number against the clause, note, table, figure or part thereof affected. The test methods and selected other requirements from both of the above Standards have been revised, and are now contained in this single document. Wherever possible, test conditions and requirements for performance and energy consumption tests have been harmonized to reduce the amount of testing required. Amendment No. 1 (December 2001) included changes in the definition and application of adaptive defrost controls (Clause 1.3.7); changes in the definition and number of groups (group 5 is now divided into top freezer and bottom freezer configurations in Table 1.1) and a change in the test voltage (Appendix B4.1). Amendment No. 1 also introduced to this Standard, requirements for MEPS 2004 that were to apply from 1 October The changes to the MEPS requirements will now not apply until 1 January Consequently, references to MEPS 2004 throughout this Standard and AS/NZS have been changed to MEPS Where requirements differ to assess compliance with either existing or new MEPS levels, these are shown in this Standard and in AS/NZS as MEPS 1999 and MEPS 2005 requirements respectively. For products to comply with the MEPS 2005 requirements of AS/NZS , they shall be tested to the MEPS 2005 requirements of this Standard (refer to Appendix B4.1 for exception). Similarly, for products to comply with the MEPS 1999 requirements of AS/NZS they shall be tested to the MEPS 1999 requirements of this Standard. The new MEPS 2005 levels were developed and agreed by industry and government representatives during 2000, and are to be introduced on 1 January Until 31 December 2004, it is anticipated that regulatory authorities will accept testing of appliances to either MEPS 1999 requirements or MEPS 2005 requirements. All appliances within the scope of MEPS, manufactured or imported for sale in Australia or in New Zealand on or after 1 January 2005, are required to meet the MEPS 2005 requirements. In addition, at the time of sale in Australia, such appliances are required to hold a valid registration which indicates compliance with the relevant MEPS requirements. This Standard is Part 1 of the following series: AS/NZS 4474 Performance of household electrical appliances-refrigerating appliances Part 1: Energy consumption and performance (this Standard) Part 2: Energy labelling and minimum energy performance standard requirements The Parts in this series are defined as follows: (a) Part 1 includes all test conditions, requirements for temperature performance and the method for determination of energy consumption. A1 and A2 A2 and A3 A3

5 3 AS/NZS :1997 (b) Part 2 includes algorithms for the calculation of the energy efficiency rating, star rating and comparative energy consumption, performance requirements, details of the energy label and requirements for the valid application thereof. It also contains the minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) for refrigerators and freezers. It is published with the approval of the combined state regulatory authorities and is structured to be suitable for reference in energy labelling regulatory legislation. It refers to Part 1 for test procedures. The objective of this series of Standards is to promote high levels of quality, performance and efficiency in household refrigerating appliances. The objective of this Standard is to provide test laboratories with test methods and minimum performance requirements so that the performance, including energy consumption, of household refrigerating appliances can be measured, compared and evaluated. The changes to the previous edition relevant to this Standard include the following: (i) The range of classes has been modified to enable the identification of features which affect minimum energy performance standards (MEPS). This classification class has been replaced by group. (ii) The test method includes a procedure to test units with any combination of compartments, including compartments with special uses not previously defined. (iii) The requirement for freezer packs at 10 C and 32 C ambient for Group 6 and Group 7 freezers has been deleted from performance tests for ease of testing and to allow common testing for energy and performance in the 32 C ambient. Further research and testing will be required before deletion of freezer packs for other classes and conditions can be implemented for performance tests. It should be noted that all tests for energy consumption are conducted without freezer packs. (iv) Test procedures for determination of energy consumption have been simplified and numerical methods for interpolation can provide improved accuracy and speed of calculation for test reports. (v) The minimum time for an energy consumption test for a cyclic defrost refrigerator has been altered. The energy consumption test for automatic total defrost (frost-free) refrigerating appliances has now been specified as being measured from a point in one defrost cycle to a corresponding point in the next or multiple of that cycle. Both the 16 h time constraint and the requirement that at least 1 kwh of energy be consumed have been deleted. (vi) The use of adaptive or delayed time defrost systems has been recognized but with a limitation based on the view that in actual usage the average defrost period will not be delayed beyond 24 h. In the future, experience with adaptive defrost systems may result in appropriate amendments to this approach. (vii) Check tests (as specified in AS ) have been removed from this Standard, being treated as a quality assurance matter more appropriately covered elsewhere. Check tests, which are used to verify a manufacturer s claim are now referred to in this Standard and AS/NZS Statements expressed in mandatory terms in notes to tables and figures are deemed to be requirements to this Standard. The terms normative and informative have been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to which they apply. A normative appendix is an integral part of a Standard, whereas an informative appendix is only for information and guidance.

6 AS/NZS : CONTENTS Page FOREWORD... 6 SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE REFERENCED DOCUMENTS DEFINITIONS... 9 SECTION 2 CLASSIFICATION, MEASUREMENT AND TEST REQUIREMENTS 2.1 SCOPE CONSIDERATION OF CONVENIENCE FEATURES CLASSIFICATION OF APPLIANCES DEFROST CONTROL CYCLE CHARACTERISTICS STORAGE SHELF AREA GROSS AND STORAGE VOLUMES TEST ROOM, INSTRUMENTATION AND MATERIALS PREPARATION OF AN APPLIANCE FOR TESTING DETERMINATION OF COMPARTMENT AIR TEMPERATURES SELECTION AND PLACEMENT OF FREEZER TEST PACKAGES THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM (FOR PULL DOWN TESTS) PULL DOWN PERFORMANCE THERMAL STABILITY (FOR OPERATING TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE, ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND AUTOMATIC ICE-MAKING) AUTOMATIC ICE-MAKING PERFORMANCE OPERATING TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE DETERMINATION OF TESTED ENERGY CONSUMPTION (Et) METHOD OF INTERPOLATION FOR A SINGLE-CONTROL METHOD OF INTERPOLATION FOR TWO CONTROLS FITTING A QUADRATIC EQUATION TO EXPERIMENTAL DATA CALCULATION OF E t -WORKED EXAMPLES DETERMINATION OF APPLIANCE GROUP-WORKED EXAMPLES REPORTING OF RESULTS SECTION 3 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 3.1 GENERAL RATED STORAGE SHELF AREA RATED GROSS AND STORAGE VOLUMES PULL DOWN AUTOMATIC ICE-MAKING CAPACITY OPERATING TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE TESTED ENERGY CONSUMPTION (E t ) MARKINGS SECTION 4 MARKING REQUIREMENTS 4.1 GENERAL HOUSEHOLD REFRIGERATING APPLIANCE GROUP FOOD STORAGE COMPARTMENT TYPE MODEL IDENTIFICATIONS RATED GROSS AND STORAGE VOLUMES... 29

7 5 AS/NZS :1997 Page APPENDICES A DETERMINATION OF VOLUME AND AREAS B TEST ROOM, INSTRUMENTATION AND MATERIALS C PREPARATION OF AN APPLIANCE FOR TESTING AND GENERAL TEST PROCEDURES D DETERMINATION OF COMPARTMENT AVERAGE AIR TEMPERATURES FOR OPERATION AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION TEST E DETERMINATION OF COMPARTMENT TEMPERATURES USING FREEZER TEST PACKAGES F THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM FOR PULL DOWN TESTS G PULL DOWN TEST H THERMAL STABILITY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OPERATING TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE, ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND AUTOMATIC ICE-MAKING I AUTOMATIC ICE-MAKING TEST J OPERATING TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE TEST K DETERMINATION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION L METHOD OF INTERPOLATION WHEN ONLY ONE CONTROL IS ADJUSTED M METHOD OF INTERPOLATION WHEN TWO CONTROLS ARE ADJUSTED N FITTING A QUADRATIC EQUATION TO THREE POINTS O EXAMPLES OF DETERMINATIONS OF TESTED ENERGY CONSUMPTION (E t ) P EXAMPLE DETERMINATIONS OF APPLIANCE GROUP Q REFRIGERATING APPLIANCE TEST REPORT FORMAT

8 AS/NZS : FOREWORD In considering the performance of refrigerating appliances available in Australia and New Zealand, it is often necessary to consider the methods of testing used in Europe (i.e. ISO) and in North America. The scope of this Standard is covered by four ISO publications as follows: ISO 5155 (freezers) ISO 7371 (refrigerators without freezers) ISO 8187 (refrigerator/freezers) ISO 8561 (forced air/frost free units) In North America, most energy consumption testing is carried out under US Department of Energy Code of Federal Regulations (CFR Part 430, Subpart B, Appendices A1 and B1) which is based on AHAM HRF Where possible, this Standard harmonizes with the ISO Standards, however there are two fundamental differences as follows: (a) The various ISO Standards provide for a choice of climate classes, each of which is considered to be too narrow for Australia and New Zealand, where, because of factors such as wide diurnal temperature ranges, the methods of house construction, and a diversity of climates, the ability to operate over a wide temperature range, i.e. 10 C to 43 C, is considered essential. (b) The ISO star (snowflake) marking scheme, the purpose of which is to indicate the freezing capability of the freezer compartment(s), is not used in Australia or New Zealand. It should be noted the ISO star scheme is unrelated to the energy labelling scheme in Australia which uses star as a measure of the relative energy efficiency of the appliance. There are also many significant differences between test conditions in this Standard and those of ISO or North America, to the extent that direct comparison of results obtained under any two of the test regimes are generally not valid. Some of the main differences are set out in the following table and accompanying notes, however it should be noted that this is not a comprehensive comparison.

9 7 AS/NZS :1997 Variable AS/NZS ANSI/AHAM 1 ISO 2 Energy consumption ambient temperature 32 ±0.5 C 32.3 ±0.6 C 25 ±0.5 C 3 Energy consumption fresh food temperature 3 C 3.3/7.22 C 4 5 C Energy consumption freezer temperature 5 15 C 15/ 17.8 C 6 18 C Freezer for energy consumption unloaded unloaded 7 loaded Operation test ambient temperatures 8 10/32/43 C 21.1/32.2/43.3 C 9 16/32 C 10 Operation test fresh food temperatures C to 6 C 1.1 C to 5 C 0 C to 5 C 12 Operation test freezer temperatures C 15/ 17.8 C 6 18 C 14 Pull down test yes yes no Freezing capacity test no no yes Ice-making capacity yes yes yes Temperature rise time no no yes Other performance tests no yes 15 yes 16 Gross volume 17 compartment (including subcompartment) not specified total only (not specified at subcompartment level) Storage volume 18 all levels all levels all levels Volume used for MEPS and energy labelling gross storage storage Freezer adjustment factor (adjusted volume) Separate freezer energy adjustment no 0.7/ no Energy sources and refrigeration systems covered mains powered electric vapour compression 20 all electric A.C. single phase systems 21 Humidity not specified not specified 23 45% to 75% Anti-sweat heaters during energy consumption tests FOOTNOTES: any 22 on average on and off only when needed 1 The current AHAM refrigerator Standard is AHAM HRF However, most energy consumption data in the U.S.A. is determined under the U.S. Department of Energy Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R. Part 430 Subpart V Appendices A1 and B1) which draws in parts on the AHAM Standard but also modified parts. DOE regulations have precedence regarding all mandatory U.S. Government requirements for energy labelling and MEPS. Note that DOE regulations cite AHAM HRF and not the current version. 2 There are 4 main ISO Standards for refrigerator performance and energy consumption. These are ISO 5155 (freezers), ISO 7371 (refrigerators without freezers), ISO 8187 (refrigerator/freezers) and ISO 8561 (forced air/frost free units). In 1996 ISO accepted a new work item proposal to combine these 4 Standards into a single document. 3 Ambient test temperature for energy consumption under ISO is 25 C for all climate classes except Tropical, which is 32 C. 4 AHAM and DOE regulations only specify a fresh food compartment temperature of 3.3 C for all refrigerators (i.e. fresh food compartments with either no freezer or a small ice-making subcompartment of less than 14.2 L). For tests on refrigerator/freezers, the fresh food temperature has only to be below 7.22 C. 5 Freezer compartments in this Table refer to compartments intended for the long term storage of frozen food. There are numerous other frozen and unfrozen compartment types not covered by this Table. AS/NZS freezer compartment temperature is determined from the average of the warmest 4 of the 5 air temperature sensors. ISO report compartment temperatures as the warmest test package position at the warmest part of the cycle for all tests (AS/NZS also uses this method for loaded operation tests). ANSI/DOE compartment temperatures are the average of all temperature points taken at 4 min intervals over the test period (excluding defrost cycles).

10 AS/NZS : A freezer temperature of 15 C applies to refrigerator-freezers while 17.8 C applies to separate freezers. 7 ote that HRF specifies that for energy consumption tests all freezer compartments shall be loaded. However, the DOE CFR 430 test procedures specify that freezer packs are not to be used in the determination of energy consumption for automatic defrost (frost free) refrigerator-freezers (the most common appliance type in the U.S.A.) and all refrigerators with ice makers. In these cases, freezer compartment temperatures are measured with thermocouples inside metallic cylinders of 29 ±6 mm (the metal is not specified, but if it were copper, this would equate to a thermal mass of between 8 g and 28 g water equivalent). All other appliance types under AHAM (including all separate freezers) are tested with the freezer compartment loaded. The freezer test packs used under AHAM are mm and contain sawdust or spinach. Under the AHAM Standard the freezer compartment is only loaded to 75% of its capacity. AHAM test packs are different from the test packs specified in ISO which are mm and contain oxyethylmethylcellulose. AS/NZS specifies test packs which are identical to ISO -1 C packs. Under ISO and AS/NZS the freezer compartments are fully loaded (except for specified air gaps). AS/NZS specifies 15 mm air gaps between test packs and the freezer walls, while ISO specifies that they should be in contact. 8 Temperature operation tests are conducted with freezer test packs for all three standards. 9 The simulated load test under AHAM has only recommended levels of performance and is not a mandatory requirement for refrigerators in the U.S.A. under DOE regulations for labelling or MEPS. 10 This is the temperature range for ISO Temperate, which is the most common climate rating in Europe. Other ISO climate ratings include Extended Temperate (10 C/32 C), Sub-tropical (18 C/38 C) and Tropical (18 C/43 C). 11 Fresh food temperatures in all Standards are averages. AS/NZS specifies that thermocouples be placed inside copper or brass cylinders with a thermal mass of between 10 and 20 g water equivalent, while ISO usually specifies cylinders which have 2.3 g water equivalent. AHAM allows thermocouples to be weighted or unweighted, but where weighted, the thermal mass must not be greater than 20 g of water equivalent. 12 ISO average fresh food compartment temperatures are to remain at less than 5 C, but this may rise to 7 C during defrosting in a frost free appliance. In addition to this requirement, the temperature at each of the measuring points in the fresh food compartment (generally three points) must remain within the range 0 C to 10 C throughout the test (so a theoretical minimum average compartment temperature is 0 C, but in practice the actual minimum achievable would be higher). Note that fresh food compartment temperatures in ISO are measured with single suspended M packages in ISO 8561 while they are measured with copper or brass masses in ISO 7371 and ISO Allowable freezer pack temperature ranges for an operation test are generally less than or equal to the target temperature for energy consumption. 14 Test pack temperatures are allowed to rise to 15 C during defrosting cycles. 15 Other AHAM tests for performance are related to durability and include handling and storage test (for packaging), external surface condensation test, internal moisture accumulation test, environmental cracking resistance test and bottom breaker strip impact test. AHAM does not recommend minimum levels of performance for these tests. 16 Other ISO performance tests include door air tightness, door opening force, durability of hinges and doors and mechanical strength of shelves. ISO does specify minimum requirements for each of these performance tests. 17 Gross volumes for AS/NZS differ from ISO in a number of minor areas. However, the most significant difference is that the volume of air ducts (in a frost free system) within the liner shape is counted as part of the gross volume in AS/NZS but this is not allowed under ISO. 18 The only volume specified in AHAM ( refrigerated volume ) is essentially a storage volume equivalent under ISO and AS/NZS. However there are minor differences in the determination of storage volume under all of these Standards. 19 The U.S. DOE Code of Federal Regulations specifies that the measured energy consumption is adjusted by a factor of 0.7 for chest freezers and 0.85 for vertical freezers to adjust for average household usage. 20 This is the scope of AS/NZS which covers government requirements for energy labelling and MEPS. The scope of AS/NZS includes all electric powered units but excludes low voltage D.C., portable and multi-fuel systems. 21 This is the scope of the U.S. DOE Code of Federal Regulations for the purposes of energy labelling and MEPS. The AHAM Standard includes all electric units (but specifically excludes gas powered types). 22 ISO 8561 (forced air/frost free units) covers electric refrigerators only. The other three ISO standards include products using any fuel type. 23 Humidity is specified for some of the other performance tests such as external condensation and internal moisture accumulation (at 75 ±2%), but not for operation or energy consumption tests.

11 9 AS/NZS :1997 STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND Australian/New Zealand Standard Performance of household electrical appliances Refrigerating appliances Part 1: Energy consumption and performance SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL A1 A1, A2 and A3 A1 A1 1.1 SCOPE This Standard specifies the method for determining the performance characteristics of electric refrigerating appliances intended for household and similar use. It does not specify safety requirements, which appear in AS/NZS Appliances covered by this Standard include refrigerators, refrigerator/freezers and freezers. Appliances such as multi-fuel refrigerating appliances, extra low voltage units (including d.c.) and mobile or portable units are not included in the scope of this Standard. NOTE: Throughout this Standard, the term refrigerating appliance is used to denote all appliances covered by this Standard. 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this Standard: AS 1284 Electricity metering 1430 Household refrigerators and freezers 2575 Energy labelling of appliances Part 2: Refrigerators, refrigerator/freezers and freezers-determination of energy consumption and efficiency rating (NZS :1989) AS/NZS Safety of household and similar electrical appliances-particular requirements-refrigerating appliances and ice-makers 4474 Performance of electrical appliances-refrigerating appliances Part 2: Energy labelling and minimum energy performance standard requirements ISO 7371 Household refrigerating appliances-refrigerators with or without lowtemperature compartment-characteristics and test methods 1.3 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the following definitions apply. COPYRIGHT

12 AS/NZS : Automatic ice-maker An ice-making, harvesting and storage device which is fed from a water supply, and which, when ice is removed, automatically replenishes the stock without requiring any action by the user Baffle A plate, wall or partition which is designed to perform one or more of the following functions: (a) Prevent food contact with refrigerated surfaces. (b) Prevent condensate from dripping on food. (c) Direct or regulate, or both, the circulation of refrigerated air Compartment and subcompartment These are defined as follows: (a) Compartment An enclosed space within a refrigerating appliance, which is directly accessible through one or more external doors. A compartment may contain one or more subcompartments and one or more convenience features. (b) Subcompartment A permanently enclosed space within a compartment or subcompartment which is designated as being a different type of food storage space, (i.e. has a different operating temperature range) from the compartment or subcompartment within which it is located. Throughout this Standard, unless specified otherwise, the term compartment shall be taken to mean compartment and subcompartment, or compartment or subcompartment, or compartment nor subcompartment as appropriate for the context. Refer also to Clause Convenience feature An enclosure, or a container (either fixed or removable by the user), in which suitable storage conditions are provided for designated types of food or beverages. These conditions may be different from those of the compartment in which it is located. Refer also to Clause Crisper A convenience feature provided primarily to retard dehydration of fruits and vegetables Cyclic defrost appliance A household refrigerating appliance in which defrosting of all unfrozen food compartments is cyclic (Clause 1.3.7(c)) and the frozen food storage compartments (if any) are not cooled by a frost-free system (Clause ). Frozen food storage space in a cyclic defrost appliance may be manually, semiautomatically or automatically defrosted. COPYRIGHT

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