MANAGING A TIGHT WINTER. presented by Andrew Speirs, Senior Consultant, MS&A - June 2013
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1 MANAGING A TIGHT WINTER presented by Andrew Speirs, Senior Consultant, MS&A - June 2013
2 Winter Feed Gap 2013 Some Ideas
3 Winter Feed Gap Pasture pests Useful weeds versus not Gibberellic Acid Nitrogen/soil temp Feed wedge (how much) Ryecorn, Barley, Oats, Annual Ryegrass, Italian Rye
4 Pest Control No room to share Control RLEM Control cockchafers New pastures watch for slugs
5
6
7
8
9 Weeds in a tight winter Barley grass, capeweed, annual ryegrass all good feed sources - don t spray out Silver grass onion weed etc - won t provide anything useful
10 Gibberellic Acid (commercial name Pro Gibb ) History Trialled by the CSIRO, Canberra in the late 1950 s and 1960 s Initially high rates of GA were applied (260g/ha) Later Trials used much lower rates 4-20 grams per ha and found to be effective
11 Gibberellic Acid continued At this stage the GA was quite expensive and nitrogen was cheap Even at low rates nitrogen was still cheaper, assuming there was a response to applied N Continued work in Horticulture but disappeared form the Pasture radar
12 Gibberellic Acid - what does it do? Made naturally in plant roots Stimulates shoot and cell elongation Delays senescence of leaves Increases the flow of sugars and oxygen to the site of application, through the use of stored nutrients of this kind or an increase in active uptake of the nutrients Used to increase fruit size, increase cluster size (grapes), delay ripening in citrus fruits
13 CSIRO Data Timing Control Treated with GA 10g/ha Phalaris A Grass Clover Total Phalaris A Grass Clover Total First spray Growth rate per day in kg Growth after 21 days in kg of DM Increase in Dry matter over 21 days Growth rate per day 460 kg 22 kg s
14 Practical Use Adequate soil moisture Pasture not water logged No frost in the last 2 days The activity is through the leaf only, so 1000 kg DM/ha cover minimum Fertility needs to be non-limiting, the same principal as Urea Dry leaf for spraying and allow 2 3 hours to dry Leaf uptake only Water rate is important use 100lt/ha and a medium droplet size
15 Practical Use continued Stock excluded for 21 days for best results Responses are reduced as air temp rises above 15 degrees C Best response when air temperature is between 5 15 degrees C Rate 10 grams/ha Phalaris pastures, 20 grams for Ryegrass dominant pastures
16 Costing of GA Pro Gibb on Phalaris Assuming 400kg DM 10g/ha = $7.00 Application $15.00 (contract Boomspray) DM cost from Pro Gibb 6.25 cents 100% Util 70% Util 0.8 cents Equivalent of $80 per tonne
17 Costing of GA Pro Gibb on Ryegrass Assuming 400kg DM 20g/ha = $14.00 Application $15.00 DM cost from Pro Gibb 7.25 cents 100% Util 70% Util 9.4 cents Equivalent of $94 per tonne
18 GA Effect
19 Treated versus Untreated
20 700 Drymatter response in 21 days at Dale Sullivans applied 3 July and cut 24 July kg of drymatter Pro Gibb at 15 grams Nil Treatment
21 Growth rate in kg's per day Growth Rate kg/ha at Dale Sullivans Sirosa Phalaris applied 3 July and cut 24 of July Pro Gibb at 15 grams Nil Treatments
22 GA - 16 days post application
23 Nil in same paddock
24 GA on left applied 16 June N applied on right on 12 June 2013
25 GA on left Nil on right
26 GA on left -v- Nil on right
27 Feed Test Treatment Crude Protein % NDF Digestibility % ME MJ/kg 15 Grams of GA Untreated
28 Gibberellic Acid Trial
29 10 grams of Pro Gibb
30 Best Nitrogen Results Require Adequate Fertility Soil Moisture Leaf area Soil temperatures >12 degrees Sunlight Perennial Grass base In short, GA works when Nitrogen responses are poor
31 Costing of Nitrogen On Perennial pastures assuming a 300kg response equivalent to a 8:1 DM response To applying Urea at 80kg/ha (37 N) costing $48.00 applied DM cost from Urea 16 cents 100% Util 70% Util 0.21 cents Still economic at $210 tonne if 100% Util
32 Nitrogen Use With Clover Pastures (R. Eckard)
33 Nitrogen Needs Responsive Grass Species (R. Eckard)
34 Table for Western Victoria by Frank McKenzie Average N response (kgdm/kgn) Pasture Index June July August September Low Medium High Typical Response Time (days) Notes Ryegrass Olsen P Colwell K ph (H 2 O) Low = <30% <12 ppm <80 ppm <4.5 High = >60% >25 ppm >275 ppm >5.5
35 Table for Gippsland by Richard Eckard Average N response (kgdm/kgn) Pasture Index May June July August September Low Medium High Typical Response Time (days) Notes Ryegrass Olsen P Colwell K ph (H 2 O) Low = <30% <12 ppm <80 ppm <4.5 High = >60% >25 ppm >275 ppm >5.5
36 Order of DM response for Winter Feed 1. Southern Green Ryecorn 2. Common Ryecorn 3. Fodder Barley 4. Fodder Oats 5. Barley 6. Annual Ryegrass (for June plus sowings) - May sowings are quite different -
37 Using All the tools we have! Stock containment Supplementary feeding Gibberellic Acid Nitrogen applications Rotational grazing
38 Relative Pasture Growth at Various Levels of Feed Availability
39 Higher Sowing Rates Produce More Winter Feed (Late April Sown) Winter Star II Annual Ryegrass 4 Trials Mean of Winter cuts
40 Key points Perennial Grasses are as important as a good base fertility in tough years Understand where and how much feed you need and develop a plan The option for one farm is different to the next Gibberellic Acid, Nitrogen, sowing bare pastures and continuing some feed.
41 Barley Grass
42 Short Phalaris
43 Plant Death
44 Winter Grass
45 Perennial versus Annual 7 th June 2013
46 Perennial versus Annual 23rd June 2013
47 Annual Ryegrass 7 th June 2013
48 Annual Ryegrass 23 rd June 2013
49 Winter Grass
50
51 Heritage Trial Casterton June Sirosa, Aust II, Holdfast (L to R)
52 Benefit of Perennials
53 Measure what feed is on offer
54 Failed Perennial
55 Casterton BWBL/CMC Site Fletcha Max P on left and Perennial Ryegrass on right
56 Casterton BWBL/CMC Site - Poor Fescue
57 Casterton BWBL/CMC Long Term Demonstration Site
58 Key points Perennial Grasses are as important as a good base fertility in tough years Understand where and how much feed you need and develop a plan The option for one farm is different to the next Gibberellic Acid, Nitrogen, sowing bare pastures and continuing some feed.
59 Acknowledgements Reg Hill Wrightsons Richard Eckard University of Melbourne CSIRO Frank McKenzie - DEPI Nitrogen Response Work Casterton BWBL/CMC Group
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