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2 Not only is the knee the largest joint of the human body but it is also the most complex. For close to fifty years now, Médicus, in collaboration with healthcare professionals, has been helping people who suffer from knee pain, to regain normal use of their limbs. 4 pieces of advice to reduce the risk of knee injury If you exercise or practice a sport activity, follow this advice to keep your knees healthy : Always do warm up exercises before any activity. Unprepared muscles are easily injured. Make sure to stretch the muscles of the legs and quadriceps often, since they work alongside the knee joints. When they are too taut they inhibit movement of the knee and can cause injury. Run on flexible surfaces and make sure to wear shoes with shock absorbent soles. Protect your knees from shocks coming from the front, back or sides. The knee : an important and vulnerable joint! The knee consists of two complex joints standing at the junction of two long bones; the tibia and the femur. Its mission while supporting all of the body s weight, standing or in motion, and often both at the same time, is to bend and rotate the legs. Whether we walk, dance, jump, play golf or practice any other sport activity, the knees, not only ensure us mobility and stability, but support us at all times. Our lifestyle makes increasing demands on them and injuries are therefore more frequent. For that reason it is necessary to treat our knees with care if we want to continue depending on them to keep us moving, painlessly, for as long as possible. 2 3
3 Who can suffer from knee pain? No one can escape knee pain or injury; however, people who do sports, seniors and young adolescents are usually the most affected. What are the different knee pathologies? Knee pathologies can be classified into two categories depending on the origin of the problem: traumatic or non traumatic. The knee s vulnerability lies in its central pivot: the crossed ligaments in the front and back, and the internal and external collateral ligaments. In addition, the alignment with the femur is of utmost importance. These ligaments are usually the ones affected by the most severe knee injuries. There is nothing as worrisome to an athlete who plays football, hockey, basketball or soccer, than a knee injury. Many have even had to give up their career prematurely following an accident. Among traumatic pathologies occurring usually during a sport or exercise activity, we find sprains, torn meniscus, tendonitis, fractures and patellofemoral syndrome. Cysts, infections, kneecap pain, osteoarthritis and osteoporosis are just a few knee related pathologies. In each case, it is best to consult a doctor and have a complete and thorough examination in order to receive an accurate diagnosis along with personalized solutions. The elderly are exposed to knee pain and stiffness caused by, among other things, osteoarthritis, arthritis or old injuries. First aid in the case of a knee injury As in the case of any other trauma, first aid must be given when there is a knee injury. For maximum and quick recovery, follow the steps listed below : Rest and immobilize the knee in order to reduce damage. Use cryotherapy or cover with ice to contract the blood vessels and decrease swelling. Reduce swelling by compressing with an elastic bandage. Consult your doctor, orthopedist, physiatrist or other health professional. 4 5
4 How to care for your knees? After having met with a doctor and obtaining a proper diagnosis, you may have several options to resolving your knee problem. A great number of factors may influence the choice of treatment such as: the degree of pain and the functional incapacity, the impact on your daily life or your sport activity, the length of the treatment, your personal wishes, etc Several treatments are available : Non invasive treatment Electrotherapy, one of the oldest therapeutic practices used to control pain, is still used today. This treatment, more commonly known as TENS, is used on its own, or in conjunction with medication, to reduce secondary effects. The TENS apparatus is available at Médicus. Orthoses The patella femoral and tibia patellar joint must, first and foremost, benefit from biomechanical alignment as a result of wearing custom made foot orthoses. Increasingly lightweight knee orthoses worn today diminish pain or allow a ligament to heal. Knee braces can also be necessary in realigning the kneecap, and are essential in the treatment of infections which affect the knee area. Special braces, used in the case of osteoarthritis, are highly effective. Physiotherapy Physiotherapy can help if you are suffering from a knee sprain, or following surgery. With exercise, application of ice or heat, whirlpool baths, electrotherapy or ultrasound therapy and re-education of the joints and muscles, the joints generally get back to their normal functioning. Drug treatment Analgesics or anti-inflammatory medication may be prescribed to ease pain due to minor trauma of the knee. Surgery In certain cases, surgery can be the only option available in treating the knee. If, for example, you suffer from osteoarthritis, a knee tumor or a torn ligament or meniscus, your doctor may suggest surgery or prosthetics to repair the tear. 6 7
5 What are the different types of knee braces? Knee braces can be classified into three specific groups: prophylactic, functional and rehabilitation. Prophylactic Orthoses Prophylactic orthoses are usually kneepads made of elastic fabric or neoprene. They can also be used as under padding for thermoplastic orthoses. They are generally used as a preventive method or to treat sprains, temporary instabilities or other aches. They restrain movement. Functional Orthoses There are over thirty different models of prefabricated functional orthoses. Their goal is to help support an unstable knee and allow maximum support following an injury. Great care must be taken when choosing a functional orthotic since it has considerable effect on the whole body. Functional orthoses are custom made by Médicus specialists thereby offering a better fit and optimum comfort. Rehabilitation Orthoses The primary goal of rehabilitation orthoses is to immobilize, either totally or partially, following trauma or surgery. Offered in either long or short models, they are adjustable, allowing the patient limited movement all the while protecting the injured or repaired tissue. Why choose GenuStab or Comfit brand knee orthoses? The lightweight, comfortable and discrete GenuStab orthotic was developed by Médicus researchers in collaboration with the McGill department of sport biomechanics. Made from an individual mold, it ensures an adequate alignment of the knee. By applying computer designed dynamics to specific spots, it allows for energy recuperation, tunneling this force back to the healthy knee joint. The 3-D concept of the GenuStab brace allows its wearer to move normally and, at the same time, be thoroughly protected. For this reason, this Québec born creation has been recommended in many countries such as: Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, the United States and Greece. The newest in the lightweight family of 3-D asymmetric orthoses is the Comfit. This type of orthotic is generally recommended for those suffering from ligament instability. Although it has not been developed for violent sport activities, it is ideal for pivot sports such as golf or tennis. It follows the knee completely, matching its every move to perfection. 8 9
6 Strengthen your knees with exercise! You can increase the stability of your knee joint by working the front and back muscles of your thighs. Here is an exercise that will help reduce injuries to your knees Attach a 2.5kg (5 lbs) weight to your foot and sit in a chair with your legs bent. Slowly lift your leg at a 45 degree angle and hold for one second. Repeat ten times, resting the leg for 30 seconds between each lift. Do 4 sets with each leg. Ensuring the well-being of your knees! Because they consist of two long bones attached with ligaments, the knees are not very solid joints, although they are depended upon in a great majority of sports and activities. You should, therefore, take good care of them. To verify your biomechanical alignment which can be the cause of numerous problems or pain, count on the expertise and availability of the specialists at the Médicus Orthopedic Laboratory
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