Preparation of DEET. Purpose: To prepare N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and characterize it by IR and proton NMR
|
|
- Conrad Bishop
- 1 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 14 Preparation of Eim A. Chemist Purpose: To prepare N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide () and characterize it by IR and proton NMR Reaction: Physical Data and Safety: Reagent Structure/Formula Mol. Wt. Mp Bp Density Safety Causes eye, skin, respiratory tract irritation m-toluic Acid o C 236 o C 1.05 g/ml C 8 H 8 O 2 Thionyl Chloride SOCl o C 76 o C 1.63 g/ml Sodium Sulfate Na 2 SO Diethylamine (CH 3 CH 2 ) 2 NH o C 55 o C 0.7 g/ml Diethyl Ether (CH 3 CH 2 ) 2 O o C 35 o C 0.7 g/ml Sodium Hydroxide, 10% aq. NaOH May be fatal if inhaled. Causes burns by all exposure routes. Water-reactive. Contact with water liberates toxic gas. Lachrymator (substance which increases the flow of tears). Possible irritant Harmful if absorbed through the skin. Causes eye and skin burns. Causes digestive and respiratory tract burns. Extremely flammable liquid and vapor. Vapor may cause flash fire. Extremely flammable liquid and vapor. May form explosive peroxides. Irritating to eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness. Corrosive. Causes eye and skin burns. May cause respiratory tract burns.
2 15 Reagent Structure/Formula Mol. Wt. Mp Bp Density Safety Hydrochloric Acid, 10% N,N-Diethyl-mtoluamide HCl C 12 H 17 NO o C g/ml Alumina Al 2 O Hexane C 6 H o C Procedure o C g/ml Causes eye, skin, and respiratory tract burns. Corrosive. Irritant May cause respiratory tract irritation. May cause lung damage. May cause mechanical eye and skin irritation. Flammable liquid and vapor. Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. Irritating to eyes and skin. Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness. When heating a reaction apparatus, be sure that it is open to the air so that pressure build up and subsequent rupture of the apparatus does not occur. When heating liquids, make sure the liquid is stirred (or a boiling chip is added) to prevent bumping. When performing an extraction, make sure to vent the separatory funnel often to prevent pressure build-up. 1. Assemble the apparatus sketched below, be sure to vent the outlet into the hood! (NOTE: Apparatus must be dry!) 2. Add g m-toluic acid to the reaction flask.
3 16 3. In a HOOD(!), add 0.30 ml of thionyl chloride. 4. Start circulation of water through the reflux condenser, then heat the reaction gently until the mixture begins to boil. 5. Reflux the mixture gently for 15 min, then cool to room temperature. 6. Using the syringe, add 4.0 ml anhydrous ether to the mixture and stir until solution is obtained. 7. Dissolve 0.66 ml of ice-cold diethylamine in 1.33 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether 8. Add solution from step #7 via syringe to the reaction flask dropwise over min. 9. Stir reaction mixture for 10 min at room temperature. 10. Add 2 ml 10% NaOH (via syringe) and stir reaction mixture for 15 min at room temperature. 11. Transfer to separatory funnel and discard aqueous (bottom) layer. 12. Wash organic layer with 2 ml 10% NaOH. Discard aqueous (bottom) layer. 13. Wash organic layer with 2 ml 10% HCl. Discard aqueous (bottom) layer. 14. Dry the organic layer with sodium sulfate, then decant to a small conical vial. 15. Evaporate ether using a hot plate on a low setting. 16. Filter the crude product from step 15 through 1.0 g alumina in Pasteur pipet column, elute with hexane (5 7 ml) into a small tared beaker. 17. Evaporate the hexane on a hot plate over low heat. 18. Weigh product, obtain IR and proton NMR spectra.
4 17 Data and Observations Step Data/Observations/Calculations 2. Wt of m-toluic acid: g g (1 mol/ g) = mol 3. Vol SOCl 2 = 0.30 ml ml(1.63 g/1 ml) = g g(1 mol/ g) = mol 5. Refluxed 20 min, rxn took about 10 min to cool to room temperature ml ether added, solution was a brown color 7. Vol diethylamine = 0.70 ml ml(0.7 g/1 ml) = 0.49 g 0.49 g(1 mol/73.13 g) = mol Vol ether used = 1.5 ml 8. During the addition, a thick white cloud formed over the reaction mixture. 10. Vol 10% NaOH = 2.4 ml 12, 13 Vol 10% NaOH = 2 ml, vol 10% HCl = 2 ml 14. Enough sodium sulfate was added so that free-flowing granules were present, solution allowed to stand over sodium sulfate for about 15 min. 75. Hot plate setting = 3, slow stream of air was directed over the top of the vial to assist evaporation. Crude product was a dark-brown liquid. 16. Alumina removed the brown color from the product. 17. Hot plate setting = 3, slow stream of air was directed over the top of the vial to assist evaporation. Product was a yellow liquid
5 Beaker tare wt = g Beaker + = g Wt = g (pale yellow oil). Theoretical yield calculation: Limiting reagent is m-toluic acid (MTA, mol) mol MTA(1 mol /1 mol MTA)( g /1 mol ) = g Percentage yield = (0.340 g/0.383 g) x 100 = 88.8% Conclusions FTIR (film, NaCl plates): 2980, 2880 (sp 3 C-H), 1633 (C=O), 1585 (aromatic C=C) cm -1 IR corresponds to that of an authentic sample (see Spectral Database for Organic Compounds) 1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 ): δ (m, 4H, Ar-H), 3.53 (q, 2H, ethyl CH 2 ), 3.24 (q, 2H, ethyl CH 2 ), 2.35 (s, 3H, Ar-CH 3 ), 1.23 (t, 3H, ethyl CH 3 ) 1.09 (t, 3H, ethyl CH 3 ) NMR corresponds closely to that of an authentic sample (see SDBS) could be produced in 88.8% yield from m-toluic acid, and the identity was confirmed by IR and proton NMR
Experiment #7: Esterification
Experiment #7: Esterification Pre-lab: 1. Choose an ester to synthesize. Determine which alcohol and which carboxylic acid you will need to synthesize your ester. Write out the reaction for your specific
Experiment 3: Extraction: Separation of an Acidic, a Basic and a Neutral Substance
1 Experiment 3: Extraction: Separation of an Acidic, a Basic and a Neutral Substance Read pp 142-155, 161-162, Chapter 10 and pp 163-173, Chapter 11, in LTOC. View the videos: 4.2 Extraction (Macroscale);
Experiment 7 Preparation of 1-Bromobutane
Experiment 7 Preparation of 1-Bromobutane In this experiment you will prepare 1-bromobutane (n-butyl bromide) from n-butanol (1-butanol) using a substitution reaction under acidic conditions. This is an
4026 Synthesis of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane (tert-butyl chloride) from tert-butanol
4026 Synthesis of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane (tert-butyl chloride) from tert-butanol OH + HCl Cl + H 2 O C 4 H 10 O C 4 H 9 Cl (74.1) (36.5) (92.6) Classification Reaction types and substance classes nucleophilic
Experiment 8 Preparation of Cyclohexanone by Hypochlorite Oxidation
Experiment 8 Preparation of Cyclohexanone by ypochlorite xidation In this experiment we will prepare cyclohexanone from cyclohexanol using hypochlorite oxidation. We will use common household bleach that
Weeks 4 & 5: The Grignard Reaction: Preparation of Triphenylmethanol
Weeks 4 & 5: The Grignard Reaction: Preparation of Triphenylmethanol pg.1 The polarity of an alkyl halide, R-X, is such that R exhibits a carbocationic character. This allows R-X to undergo a multitude
Synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate
Experiment 8 Synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate Objectives To prepare isopentyl acetate from isopentyl alcohol and acetic acid by the Fischer esterification reaction. Introduction Esters are derivatives of
Austin Peay State University Department of Chemistry CHEM 1111. Copper Cycle
Cautions Nitric acid and sulfuric acid are toxic and oxidizers and may burn your skin. Nitrogen dioxide gas produced is hazardous if inhaled. Sodium hydroxide is toxic and corrosive and will cause burns
ISOLATION OF CAFFEINE FROM TEA
ISLATIN F CAFFEINE FRM TEA Introduction In this experiment, caffeine is isolated from tealeaves. The chief problem with the isolation is that caffeine does not exist alone in the tealeaves, but other natural
Synthesis, Isolation, and Purification of an Ester
Synthesis, Isolation, and Purification of an Ester AP Chemistry Laboratory Introduction An ester is a chemical compound that is formed when an organic acid reacts with an alcohol. Esters frequently have
Separation by Solvent Extraction
Experiment 3 Separation by Solvent Extraction Objectives To separate a mixture consisting of a carboxylic acid and a neutral compound by using solvent extraction techniques. Introduction Frequently, organic
Saturated NaCl solution rubber tubing (2) Glass adaptor (2) thermometer adaptor heating mantle
EXPERIMENT 5 (Organic Chemistry II) Pahlavan/Cherif Dehydration of Alcohols - Dehydration of Cyclohexanol Purpose - The purpose of this lab is to produce cyclohexene through the acid catalyzed elimination
Page 1 of 5. Purification of Cholesterol An Oxidative Addition-Reductive Elimination Sequence
Page 1 of 5 Purification of Cholesterol An Oxidative Addition-Reductive Elimination Sequence From your lectures sessions in CEM 2010 you have learned that elimination reactions may occur when alkyl halides
Experiment 5 Preparation of Cyclohexene
Experiment 5 Preparation of yclohexene In this experiment we will prepare cyclohexene from cyclohexanol using an acid catalyzed dehydration reaction. We will use the cyclohexanol that we purified in our
GRIGNARD REACTION: PREPARATION OF TRIPHENYLMETHANOL (12/22/2009)
GRIGNARD REACTIN: PREPARATIN F TRIPHENYLMETHANL (12/22/2009) Grignard reagents are among the most versatile organometallic reagents, and they are the easiest organometallic reagent to prepare. Grignard
PROCEDURE FOR THE EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION OF PCDD/PCDF AND DL-PCBs IN SEDIMENT AND SOIL SAMPLES
Page 1 of 10 PROCEDURE FOR THE PURIFICATION OF POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-p-DIOXINS (PCDD), POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS (PCDF) AND DIOXIN-LIKE POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (DL-PCBs) IN SEDIMENT 1. Introduction
Enantiomers: Synthesis, characterization, and resolution of tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(iii) chloride Introduction:
Enantiomers: Synthesis, characterization, and resolution of tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(iii) chloride Introduction: The development of coordination chemistry prior to 1950 involved the synthesis and characterization
CH243: Lab 4 Synthesis of Artificial Flavorings by Fischer Esterification
H243: Lab 4 Synthesis of Artificial Flavorings by Fischer Esterification PURPSE: To prepare esters by reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohols. To modify a known procedure to prepare an unknown. DISUSSIN:
Recovery of Elemental Copper from Copper (II) Nitrate
Recovery of Elemental Copper from Copper (II) Nitrate Objectives: Challenge: Students should be able to - recognize evidence(s) of a chemical change - convert word equations into formula equations - perform
EXPERIMENT FIVE. Preparation of Cyclohexene from Cyclohexanol: an Elimination Reaction DISCUSSION
EXPERIMENT FIVE Preparation of Cyclohexene from Cyclohexanol: an Elimination Reaction DISCUSSION A secondary alcohol, such as cyclohexanol, undergoes dehydration by an E1 mechanism. The key intermediate
Apparatus error for each piece of equipment = 100 x margin of error quantity measured
1) Error Analysis Apparatus Errors (uncertainty) Every time you make a measurement with a piece of apparatus, there is a small margin of error (i.e. uncertainty) in that measurement due to the apparatus
PROCEDURE FOR THE EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION OF PCDD/PCDF AND DL-PCBs IN BREAST MILK SAMPLES
Page 1 of 10 PROCEDURE FOR THE PURIFICATION OF POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-p-DIOXINS (PCDD), POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS (PCDF) AND DIOXIN-LIKE POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (DL-PCBs) 1. Introduction 2. Objective
CHM220 Nucleophilic Substitution Lab. Studying S N 1 and S N 2 Reactions: Nucloephilic Substitution at Saturated Carbon*
CHM220 Nucleophilic Substitution Lab Studying S N 1 and S N 2 Reactions: Nucloephilic Substitution at Saturated Carbon* Purpose: To convert a primary alcohol to an alkyl bromide using an S N 2 reaction
In this experiment, we will use three properties to identify a liquid substance: solubility, density and boiling point..
Identification of a Substance by Physical Properties 2009 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved. Permission for academic use provided the original copyright is included Every substance has a unique set
Chemistry 1215 Experiment #9 Copper and its Compounds
Chemistry 1215 Experiment #9 Copper and its Compounds Objective The objective of this experiment is to take a piece of copper as efficiently as possible through a series of chemical reactions. The final
Lab #13: Qualitative Analysis of Cations and Anions
Lab #13: Qualitative Analysis of Cations and Anions Objectives: 1. To understand the rationale and the procedure behind the separation for various cations and anions. 2. To perform qualitative analysis
Isolation of Caffeine from Tea
Isolation of Caffeine from Tea Introduction A number of interesting, biologically active compounds have been isolated from plants. Isolating some of these natural products, as they are called, can require
Sample Pretreatment by Digestion
Section 4 Sample Pretreatment by Digestion Several procedures require sample digestion before determining total metal content. Digestion uses acid and heat to break organo-metallic bonds and free ions
Organic Lab 1 Make-up Experiment. Extraction of Caffeine from Beverages. Introduction
Organic Lab 1 Make-up Experiment Extraction of Caffeine from Beverages Introduction Few compounds consumed by Americans are surrounded by as much controversy as caffeine. One article tells us that caffeine
PHYSICAL SEPARATION TECHNIQUES. Introduction
PHYSICAL SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Lab #2 Introduction When two or more substances, that do not react chemically, are blended together, the result is a mixture in which each component retains its individual
Chemical Tests for Alkanes, Alkenes, and Aromatic Compounds
Chemical Tests for Alkanes, Alkenes, and Aromatic Compounds Introduction There are four types of hydrocarbons: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds, each type with different chemical properties.
NATIONAL STANDARD FOR FOOD SAFETY OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
NATIONAL STANDARD FOR FOOD SAFETY OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB 5413.9 2010 National food safety standard Determination of vitamin A, D, E in foods for infants and young children, milk and milk
14 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
14 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation 14.1 Introduction Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions are a special class of electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) reactions in which the electrophile is
DETERMINATION OF THE PERCENT COMPOSITION OF A MIXTURE
Chemistry 111 Lab: Percent Composition Page D-3 DETERMINATION OF THE PERCENT COMPOSITION OF A MIXTURE In this experiment you are to determine the composition of a mixture containing unknown proportions
IDENTIFICATION OF AN UNKNOWN ORGANIC COMPOUND Classification Tests
IDENTIFICATION OF AN UNKNOWN ORGANIC COMPOUND Classification Tests In this experiment you will attempt to identify an organic unknown from a selected group of compounds from the class of alcohols, aldehydes,
Extraction: Separation of Acidic Substances
Extraction: Separation of Acidic Substances Chemists frequently find it necessary to separate a mixture of compounds by moving a component from one solution or mixture to another. The process most often
DYES AND DYEING 2003 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved. Permission for classroom use provided original copyright is included.
DYES AND DYEING 2003 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved. Permission for classroom use provided original copyright is included. Dyeing of textiles has been practiced for thousands of years with the first
CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF COPPER AND PERCENT YIELD KEY
CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF COPPER AND PERCENT YIELD Objective To gain familiarity with basic laboratory procedures, some chemistry of a typical transition element, and the concept of percent yield. Apparatus
EXPERIMENT 3 (Organic Chemistry II) Nitration of Aromatic Compounds: Preparation of methyl-m-nitrobenzoate
EXPERIMENT 3 (Organic Chemistry II) Nitration of Aromatic Compounds: Preparation of methyl-m-nitrobenzoate Pahlavan/Cherif Purpose a) Study electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction (EAS) b) Study regioselectivity
AN EXPERIMENT IN ALCHEMY: COPPER TO SILVER TO GOLD 2005, 2000, 1996 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved
AN EXPERIMENT IN ALCHEMY: COPPER TO SILVER TO GOLD 2005, 2000, 1996 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved INTRODUCTION One of the goals of the ancient alchemists was to convert base metals into gold. Although
ANALYSIS OF WATER FOR CHLORIDE AND SULFATE IONS
Test Procedure for ANALYSIS OF WATER FOR CHLORIDE AND SULFATE IONS TxDOT Designation: Tex-619-J Effective Date: August 2005 1. SCOPE 1.1 Use this method to analyze water for chloride and sulfate ions to
Structure of caffeine: O CH 3 CH 3
1 Extraction of Caffeine Introduction Caffeine Caffeine occurs naturally in tea leaves and coffee beans. Cocoa beans, used to produce chocolate, contain a compound that is nearly identical in structure
Separation of Active Components from Excedrin ES
Separation of Active Components from Excedrin ES Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to isolate the active components present in Exedrin ES tablets, namely acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine. To accomplish
The Synthesis of trans-dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(iii) Chloride
CHEM 122L General Chemistry Laboratory Revision 2.0 The Synthesis of trans-dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(iii) Chloride To learn about Coordination Compounds and Complex Ions. To learn about Isomerism.
Experiment 5: Column Chromatography
Experiment 5: Column Chromatography Separation of Ferrocene & Acetylferrocene by Column Chromatography Reading: Mohrig, Hammond & Schatz Ch. 18 pgs 235-253 watch the technique video on the course website!
EXPERIMENT 2 (Organic Chemistry II) Pahlavan/Cherif Diels-Alder Reaction Preparation of ENDO-NORBORNENE-5, 6-CIS-CARBOXYLIC ANHYDRIDE
EXPERIMENT 2 (rganic Chemistry II) Pahlavan/Cherif Diels-Alder Reaction Preparation of END-NRBRNENE-5, 6-CIS-CARBXYLIC ANYDRIDE Purpose a) Study conjugated dienes b) Study diene and dienophile c) Study
H 2 SO 4 heat + H 3 O +
Dehydration of Cyclohexanol DISCUSSION OF TE EXPERIMENT In this experiment, cyclohexanol is dehydrated by aqueous sulfuric acid to produce cyclohexene as the sole product, and carbocation rearrangement
Rev 2016-09-23. Experiment 3
Experiment 3 PREPARATION OF A STANDARD SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION, DETERMINATION OF PURITY OF IMPURE KHP AND STANDARDIZATION OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID 2 lab periods Reading: Chapter 1 (pg 22-24), Chapter 8,
CHEMISTRY 338 THE SYNTHESIS OF LIDOCAINE
CHEMISTRY 338 THE SYTHESIS F LIDCAIE Lidocaine (1) is the common name of an important member of a category of drugs widely used as local anesthetics. Trade names for this substance include Xylocaine, Isocaine,
The most common active ingredient used in deodorants is aluminium chlorohydrate. But not all deodorants contain aluminium chlorohydrate:
Engineeringfragrance make a deodorant practical activity 2 student instructions page 1 of 5 chemical compounds The most common active ingredient used in deodorants is aluminium chlorohydrate. But not all
EXPERIMENT 12: Empirical Formula of a Compound
EXPERIMENT 12: Empirical Formula of a Compound INTRODUCTION Chemical formulas indicate the composition of compounds. A formula that gives only the simplest ratio of the relative number of atoms in a compound
CH204 Experiment 2. Experiment 1 Post-Game Show. Experiment 1 Post-Game Show continued... Dr. Brian Anderson Fall 2008
CH204 Experiment 2 Dr. Brian Anderson Fall 2008 Experiment 1 Post-Game Show pipette and burette intensive and extensive properties interpolation determining random experimental error What about gross error
Experiment 7: Titration of an Antacid
1 Experiment 7: Titration of an Antacid Objective: In this experiment, you will standardize a solution of base using the analytical technique known as titration. Using this standardized solution, you will
Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical and Chemical Properties Introduction Matter can be classified in different ways using physical and chemical properties. Physical properties include color, odor, density, hardness, structure, solubility,
Sulfa Antibiotics - Synthesis of Sulfanilamide
Sulfa Antibiotics - Synthesis of Sulfanilamide INTRDUCTIN Many people think of the term chemotherapy as relating to specific modern drug treatments used to fight cancer. Actually, modern chemotherapy began
PET Recycling. Nicholas Robusto Maggie Ifarraguerri Nathaniel Lawton Isabel Hefner
PET Recycling Nicholas Robusto Maggie Ifarraguerri Nathaniel Lawton Isabel Hefner OBJECTIVES Hydrolyze a sample of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) obtained from used soda bottles, and synthesize a dimer
METHOD 3510C SEPARATORY FUNNEL LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION
METHOD 3510C SEPARATORY FUNNEL LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 1.1 This method describes a procedure for isolating organic compounds from aqueous samples. The method also describes concentration
8. Column Chromatography
8. Column Chromatography This is the last technique experiment in the Introductory Organic Lab. More importantly it is the first synthetic experiment in the course and therefore the PreLab, InLab and PostLab
PREPARATION FOR CHEMISTRY LAB: COMBUSTION
1 Name: Lab Instructor: PREPARATION FOR CHEMISTRY LAB: COMBUSTION 1. What is a hydrocarbon? 2. What products form in the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon? 3. Combustion is an exothermic reaction. What
ACID-BASE TITRATIONS: DETERMINATION OF CARBONATE BY TITRATION WITH HYDROCHLORIC ACID BACKGROUND
#3. Acid - Base Titrations 27 EXPERIMENT 3. ACID-BASE TITRATIONS: DETERMINATION OF CARBONATE BY TITRATION WITH HYDROCHLORIC ACID BACKGROUND Carbonate Equilibria In this experiment a solution of hydrochloric
Distillation Experiment
Distillation Experiment CHM226 Background The distillation process is a very important technique used to separate compounds based on their boiling points. A substance will boil only when the vapor pressure
CHEM 2423 Extraction of Benzoic Acid EXPERIMENT 6 - Extraction Determination of Distribution Coefficient
EXPERIMENT 6 - Extraction Determination of Distribution Coefficient Purpose: a) To purify samples of organic compounds that are solids at room temperature b) To dissociate the impure sample in the minimum
Online edition for students of organic chemistry lab courses at the University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Chem and Biochem.
u Experiment 9 Aromatic Chemistry: Synthesis of o-nitroaniline and p-nitroaniline via a Multi-Step Sequence Reading: Introduction to rganic Chemistry by Streitwieser, Heathcock, and Kosower, pp. 695-696
Ascorbic Acid Titration of Vitamin C Tablets
Ascorbic Acid Titration of Vitamin C Tablets Procedure Each Part of lab requires a separate data table. You might want to put each table on a separate page so you can leave room to show equations and calculations.
EXPERIMENT 7 Reaction Stoichiometry and Percent Yield
EXPERIMENT 7 Reaction Stoichiometry and Percent Yield INTRODUCTION Stoichiometry calculations are about calculating the amounts of substances that react and form in a chemical reaction. The word stoichiometry
General Chemistry I (FC, 09-10) Lab #3: The Empirical Formula of a Compound. Introduction
General Chemistry I (FC, 09-10) Introduction A look at the mass relationships in chemistry reveals little order or sense. The ratio of the masses of the elements in a compound, while constant, does not
hij GCSE Additional Science Chemistry 2 Foundation Tier Chemistry 2F SPECIMEN MARK SCHEME Version 1.0
hij GCSE Additional Science Chemistry 2 Foundation Tier Chemistry 2F SPECIMEN MARK SCHEME Version.0 Copyright 20 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA)
Synthesis of Benzyl Acetate from Acetic Anhydride
Exp t 83 Synthesis of Benzyl Acetate from Acetic Anhydride from K. L. Williamson, Macroscale and Microscale rganic Experiments, 2nd Ed. 1994, Houghton Mifflin, Boston p385; revised 10/14/00 Prelab Exercise:
Experiment 12 Grignard Reaction; Preparation of Triphenylcarbinol
Experiment 12 Grignard Reaction; Preparation of Triphenylcarbinol In this experiment we will perform a Grignard addition to an ester. First we will form the Grignard reagent from magnesium and bromobenzene
IB Chemistry. DP Chemistry Review
DP Chemistry Review Topic 1: Quantitative chemistry 1.1 The mole concept and Avogadro s constant Assessment statement Apply the mole concept to substances. Determine the number of particles and the amount
The Empirical Formula of a Compound
The Empirical Formula of a Compound Lab #5 Introduction A look at the mass relationships in chemistry reveals little order or sense. The ratio of the masses of the elements in a compound, while constant,
Acid-Base Extraction.
Acid-Base Extraction. Extraction involves dissolving a compound or compounds either (1) from a solid into a solvent or (2) from a solution into another solvent. A familiar example of the first case is
Diazo Coupling. A Synthesis of Methyl Orange
CHEM 334L Organic Chemistry Laboratory Revision 2.0 Diazo Coupling A Synthesis of Methyl Orange In this experiment the azo dye methyl orange is prepared by a electrophilic substitution with arenediazonium
Synthesis of Alum from Aluminum
SYNTHESIS OF ALUM FROM ALUMINUM 53 OBJECTIVES Synthesis of Alum from Aluminum Become more familiar with single-replacement redox reactions Practice mass and volume measurement techniques Calculate the
Chemiluminescence: Synthesis of Cyalume 3 Chemiluminescence: Synthesis of Cyalume and Making it Glow
Chemiluminescence: Synthesis of Cyalume 3 Chemiluminescence: Synthesis of Cyalume and Making it Glow Intro Chemiluminescence is the process whereby light is produced by a chemical reaction. The flashes
Fractional Distillation notes
Reminder: These notes are meant to supplement, not replace, the textbook and laboratory manual. Fractional Distillation notes History and Application: Fractional distillation is one of the most widely
SEPARATION OF A MIXTURE OF SUBSTANCES LAB
SEPARATION OF A MIXTURE OF SUBSTANCES LAB Purpose: Every chemical has a set of defined physical properties, and when combined they present a unique fingerprint for that chemical. When chemicals are present
The Grignard Reaction. Preparation of Benzoic Acid
The Grignard Reaction. Preparation of Benzoic Acid References: Bruice, Chapter 11, section 11.8 Background Grignard reagents are prepared (eq. 1) from alkyl halides by treatment with magnesium metal in
Expt. 4: ANALYSIS FOR SODIUM CARBONATE
Expt. 4: ANALYSIS FOR SODIUM CARBONATE Introduction In this experiment, a solution of hydrochloric acid is prepared, standardized against pure sodium carbonate, and used to determine the percentage of
Analysis of Commerical Antacids Containing Calcium Carbonate Prelab (Week 1)
Analysis of Commerical Antacids Containing Calcium Carbonate Prelab (Week 1) Name Total /10 SHOW ALL WORK NO WORK = NO CREDIT 1. What is the purpose of this experiment? 2. Show the calculation for determining
Experiment #6: Isolation of Caffeine from Tea
Experiment #6: Isolation of Caffeine from Tea Pre-Lab: Prepare your notebook. Include: name, partner s name, title of experiment, date, purpose, structure of caffeine, procedures (bulleted list), separation
General Chemistry Lab Experiment 4. Limiting Reactant
General Chemistry Lab Experiment 4 Limiting Reactant INTRODUCTION Two factors affect the yield of products in a chemical reaction: (1) the amounts of starting materials (reactants) and (2) the percent
#9 Condensation Polymerization: Preparation of Nylon 6/10
#9 Condensation Polymerization: Preparation of Nylon 6/10 Submitted by: Arturo Contreras, Visiting Scholar, Center for Chemical Education, Miami University, Middletown, OH; 1996 1997. I. INTRODUCTION Description
EXPERIMENT 4. This lab will meet on Monday October 22 nd and Tuesday October 23 rd in Science Center 210.
EXPERIMENT 4 Synthesis and Analysis of CdSe Quantum Dot Nanocrystals This lab will meet on Monday October 22 nd and Tuesday October 23 rd in Science Center 210. Before You Come to Lab: Read the entire
The Reaction of Calcium Chloride with Carbonate Salts
The Reaction of Calcium Chloride with Carbonate Salts PRE-LAB ASSIGNMENT: Reading: Chapter 3 & Chapter 4, sections 1-3 in Brown, LeMay, Bursten, & Murphy. 1. What product(s) might be expected to form when
Simple reduction of ethyl, isopropyl and benzyl aromatic esters to alcohols using sodium borohydride-methanol system
Simple reduction of ethyl, isopropyl and benzyl aromatic esters to alcohols using sodium borohydride-methanol system Jorge C. S. da Costa, Karla C. Pais, Elisa L. Fernandes, Pedro S. M. de Oliveira, Jorge
Organic Chemistry Laboratory 2230 Final Exam Study Guide
Organic Chemistry Laboratory 2230 Final Exam Study Guide Many students do not adequately prepare for the final exam in 2230L.The average grade is typically in the mid to upper 60 s. Each semester, some
OXIDATION-REDUCTION TITRATIONS-Permanganometry
Experiment No. Date OXIDATION-REDUCTION TITRATIONS-Permanganometry INTRODUCTION Potassium permanganate, KMnO 4, is probably the most widely used of all volumetric oxidizing agents. It is a powerful oxidant
80. Testing salts for anions and cations
Classic chemistry experiments 203 80. Testing salts for anions and cations Topic Qualitative analysis. Timing Description 12 hours. Students attempt to identify the anions and cations present in a salt
COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY EXTRACTION OF PIGMENTS FROM SPINACH (THIS LABORATORY PROCEDURE WAS PROVIDED BY Dr. V. WAGHULDE.)
COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY EXTRACTION OF PIGMENTS FROM SPINACH (THIS LABORATORY PROCEDURE WAS PROVIDED BY Dr. V. WAGHULDE.) Purpose: To separate plant pigments from spinach leaves using column chromatography.
Making Biodiesel from Virgin Vegetable Oil: Teacher Manual
Making Biodiesel from Virgin Vegetable Oil: Teacher Manual Learning Goals: Students will understand how to produce biodiesel from virgin vegetable oil. Students will understand the effect of an exothermic
COMMON LABORATORY APPARATUS
COMMON LABORATORY APPARATUS Beakers are useful as a reaction container or to hold liquid or solid samples. They are also used to catch liquids from titrations and filtrates from filtering operations. Bunsen
SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE
SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE Prepared at the 28th JECFA (1984), published in FNP 31/2 (1984) and in FNP 52 (1992). Metals and arsenic specifications revised at the 55 th JECFA (2000). An ADI not specified
Santa Monica College Chemistry 11
Types of Reactions Objectives The objectives of this laboratory are as follows: To perform and observe the results of a variety of chemical reactions. To become familiar with the observable signs of chemical
Exp#6 Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves
Exp#6 Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Pre-Lab Complete items numbered 1-6 (omit number 3) as described in your lab syllabus. Make sure your data table includes the appropriate physical properties
Mixtures and Pure Substances
Unit 2 Mixtures and Pure Substances Matter can be classified into two groups: mixtures and pure substances. Mixtures are the most common form of matter and consist of mixtures of pure substances. They
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET In accordance with CE Regulation n 1907/2006. Annex II.
Ref.: BA/909 ELSACYFRA Page: 1 of 5 RRR1. Identification of preparation and of the company/undertaking 1.1 Product name: ELSACYFRA 1.2 Use With the exception of products specifically labeled for In Vitro
Suggested Solutions to student questions(soap) 1. How do you explain the cleansing action of soap?
Suggested Solutions to student questions(soap) 1. How do you explain the cleansing action of soap? The ionic part of the soap molecule is water-soluble while the non-polar hydrocarbon part is soluble in
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes An understanding of material things requires an understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of matter. A few planned experiments can help you
Table 1. Common esters used for flavors and fragrances
ESTERS An Introduction to rganic hemistry Reactions 2012, 2006, 1990, 1982 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved. Reproduction permitted for educationa use provided original copyright is included. In contrast