Euro IV, Euro V and VI Emissions Regulations for Heavy Duty Vehicle. Information Note

Transcription

1 Euro IV, Euro V and VI Emissions Regulations for Heavy Duty Vehicle Information Note Introduction As a member of the European Union, Ireland is obliged to introduce Directive 2005/55/EC (and its amendments 1 ) and EC Regulation 595/2009 (as amended 2 ) referred to as the heavy duty Euro emissions regulations. The heavy duty emission regulations apply to new passenger and goods vehicles of categories of M and N with a reference mass 3 in excess of 2,610kg. These regulations lay down limit values for emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants and for the opacity of exhaust fumes from diesel, natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) engines. Euro IV heavy duty emissions regulations have applied to new vehicles registered in the State since 1/10/2006 and were replaced by Euro V regulations which have applied to new vehicles registered since 1/10/2009. The major difference between the Euro IV and Euro V is the reduction in the emission limits for nitrogen oxides from 3.5 to 2.0 g/kwh. The Euro VI heavy duty emission Regulation sets tougher emission limits than Euro V and lowers limits of several pollutants (CO, THC, NMHC, CH4, NOX, NH3), adopts the worldwide harmonised drive cycles, revises the durability requirements to cover greater distances and include measures relating to access to vehicle repair and maintenance information. 1 implementing Directive 2005/78/EC as amended by 2006/51/EC and 2008/74/EC 2 by EC Regulation 582/ Reference mass means the mass of the vehicle in running order less the uniform mass of the driver of 75kg and increased by a uniform mass of 100kg (refer to Certificate of Conformity point 12.1) 1 September 2016

2 Vehicles equipped with Euro V engines must be registered by 30 th December 2013 and vehicles registered after this date must be Euro VI compliant. In certain conditions, an end of series exemption can be applied for, which if granted, will allow vehicles an extended period of time for registration. Further information on the criteria for applying for an end of series exemption and details as to how you should apply, can be found on our end of series webpage. More detailed implementation dates for each vehicle category are summarised at the end of this document. Objectives of the heavy duty Euro Emissions Regulations Improving the health and welfare of the European population is an important objective for the EU authorities. Euro IV, V and VI heavy duty vehicle emissions regulations set the emissions limits for motor vehicles and their specific objectives are as follows; To set harmonised rules on the construction of motor vehicles. The proper functioning of the single market in the European Union requires common standards limiting the emission of atmospheric pollutants from motor vehicles. Action at Community level prevents varying product standards emerging across Member States which results in fragmentation of the internal market and imposition of unnecessary barriers to intra- Community trade. Also through harmonised standards it is possible to reap the economies of scale as production series can be made for the whole European market. To improve air quality by reducing pollutants emitted from the road transport sector by setting the emission limit values for all vehicle categories with a reference mass in excess of 2,610kg 4. Member States and their citizens are concerned about the impacts of air pollution on human health and the environment. Although air quality has improved over the past decade, there are still significant air quality problems throughout the European Union, especially in urban areas and in densely populated regions. To introduce measures relating to access to vehicle repair and maintenance information. Easy and clear access to information on vehicle repair and maintenance is key to guaranteeing free competition on the vehicle aftermarket. To this end, manufacturers must ensure that independent operators active on the vehicle aftermarket have easy, restriction-free and standardised access to information on the repair and maintenance of vehicles, without discrimination with respect to authorised dealers and repair workshops. 4 Reference mass means the mass of the vehicle in running order less the uniform mass of the driver of 75kg and increased by a uniform mass of 100kg (refer to Certificate of Conformity point 12.1) 2 September 2016

3 Background The Regulations were originally introduced by the Directive 88/77/EEC and have since been subjected to a number of amendments. Given developments in automotive technology, increased demand for road transport and continuing air quality problems, there has been a need to keep standards under review. In 2005, the Directives were re-cast and consolidated by the Directive 2005/55/EC. In 2009, in order to simplify legislation, EC Regulation 595/2009 was introduced repealing and replacing EC Directives 2005/55/EC and 2005/78/EC. The use of an EC Regulation ensures that the technical provisions are directly applicable to manufacturers, approval authorities and technical services and they can be updated in a fast and efficient way. Directive 2005/55/EC introduced durability and On Board Diagnostic (OBD) requirements and set the emission limits for Euro IV and Euro V. In a split-level regulatory approach, the technical requirements pertaining to durability and OBD, including provisions for emission systems that use consumable reagents, have been prescribed in Directive 2005/78/EC. Regulation 595/2009 as amended by Regulation 582/2011 introduced the new Euro VI heavy duty emission limits, the measuring of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, the establishment of numerical limits on particulate emissions, worldwide harmonised drive cycles, revised the durability requirements, access to vehicle repair and maintenance information and incorporates all of the requirements on engine power from EC Directive 80/1269/EEC as amended by 1999/99/EC. The technical requirements of these regulatory acts took effect in three stages, Euro IV emission limits came into effect for new type approvals from 1 st October 2005 (and new registrations from 1 st October 2006), Euro V emission limits applied from 1 st October 2008 for new type approvals (and new registrations from 1 st October 2009) and Euro VI emissions for new type approvals will apply from 31 st December 2012 (and new registrations from 31 st December 2013). 3 September 2016

4 Implications for Irish stakeholders Although there is no indigenous engine manufacturing industry in Ireland, the introduction of the tighter Euro IV, V and VI emission limits will have implications at vehicle registration for a number of sectors such as importers, distributors and converters of commercial vehicles. From the mandatory dates of registration, new vehicles are required to be accompanied by type approval certification to the appropriate levels of Euro emissions standards. There are obligations on vehicle operators and owners to maintain the parts and equipment of their vehicles in good and efficient working order and this includes the emissions control devices and after-treatment systems. Tampering with systems which control the level of emissions, or driving a vehicle without consumable reagent (vehicles fitted with an aftertreatment system) is prohibited. The introduction of the Directives and Regulations will help to ensure the proper functioning of the internal EU market and will guarantee a common level of emissions amongst all vehicles within Europe. They will also facilitate an improvement in air quality, which in turn will improve public health, thus enabling the Government to generate savings in the longer term. Requirements of Regulation 595/2009 as amended by 582/2011 Euro VI Emissions Limits The Euro VI regulations introduce a reduction of 77% in the limit for nitrogen oxides (NOx) and 50% for particulate matter (PM) emissions compared to the Euro V stage limits which entered into force in October (Further information on the limits can be accessed in Annex 1 of Regulation 595/2009). Consumable Reagent (AdBlue) The heavy duty emissions regulations set requirements with regard to the fitment of an aftertreatment system in order to establish standards for pollutant emissions. The current Regulations place an obligation on member states to ensure that manufactures, repairers and operators do not tamper with the after-treatment system. Operators of the vehicles are obliged to ensure that the vehicle must not be driven without a consumable reagent. Penalties for breach of these requirements are set out in the paragraph on penalties that follows. 4 September 2016

5 CO2 Emissions Carbon dioxide (CO2) must be calculated during the emissions tests however no limits on CO2 emissions are specified. Access to Vehicle Repair and Maintenance Information Requirements are introduced to ensure that vehicle manufacturers make information related to their on-board diagnostic systems readily available to independent vehicle repairers. These new requirements are based on those already included in the light duty vehicle Euro5/6 emissions Regulation, (EC) 715/2007. Penalties for breach of these Regulations Penalties for breach of type approval entry into service requirements SI 448 of 2007 European Communities (Mechanically Propelled Vehicle Entry Into service) Regulations 2007 (as last amended by S.I. No. 234 of 2011) requires that new vehicles being presented for first registration to meet with the construction, technical and performance requirements specified in EU type approval directives and regulations, and are accompanied by appropriate certificates of conformity. These regulations mandate that vehicles presented for registration have certificates of conformity to the heavy duty emission regulations referred to in this document from the appropriate dates. A person guilty of an offence under these Regulations is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding 5,000. As the mandatory dates of compliance have been reached for EC Whole Vehicle Type Approval, the penalties under SI 157 of 2009 European Communities (Road Vehicles Entry into Service) Regulations 2009 will take effect. SI 157 of 2009 replaces SI 448 of 2007 in respect of vehicles with four or more wheels on a staggered basis at various dates up until Under this regulation a person guilty of an offence is liable; i. On summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding 5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or both, and ii. On conviction on indictment, to a fine not exceeding 100,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or both. 5 September 2016

6 Penalties for breach of in-use requirements Vehicles used on Irish roads are required to meet with the Irelands Construction Equipment and Use Regulations S.I. No. 190 of CE&U Regulations, prescribe the requirements for all vehicles and trailers in use in a public place in Ireland. This includes provisions for but not limited to; the brake systems, exhaust systems, mirrors, safety belts and side and rear underrun protection. These Regulations prescribe the requirements as to the construction, equipment and use of vehicles while being used in a public place and the duties of drivers and passengers are also specified. As well as specific provisions for certain aspects of vehicles, the CE&U also has general provisions requiring that a vehicle is maintained in good and efficient working order, that no danger is likely to be caused and that vehicles are maintained such that their level of noise emitted and their emissions does not increase. Should a vehicle and all its parts and equipment not be maintained in good and efficient working order, then the operator or owner could be considered to be in breach of Regulation 34 of SI 190 of With regard to emissions, the regulation specifies that there is a duty of care that a vehicle is maintained in such a way that the health of others is not compromised. Penalties for breach of this regulation is as follows; on summary conviction, first offence a fine not exceeding 1,000. Second offence under same section/subsection a fine not exceeding 2,000. Third or subsequent offence under same section/subsection within 12 consecutive months fine not exceeding 2,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 3 months, or both (ss.11(5) and 102, Road Traffic Act, 1961). The correct functioning of the emissions control systems including the after-treatment system are the basic requirements for fulfilling the established standards for pollutant emissions. Tampering with systems which control the level of emissions or driving a vehicle without consumable reagent, could be considered to be in breach of the aforementioned regulations and subject therefore to the penalties listed. Type Approval and Registration Dates The implementation dates of Euro IV, V and VI for new type approvals and new registrations for vehicle types (with a reference mass exceeding 2,610kg) are summarised below. Reference to the relevant Directive or Regulation should be made for more details. Since 31 st December 2013 heavy duty vehicles with a reference mass in excess of 2,610kg are required to have Euro VI certification in order to be registered. In certain conditions, an end of series exemption can be applied for, which if granted, will allow vehicles an extended period of time for registration. Details of the end of series exemption procedure and application forms can be found on our end of series web page. 6 September 2016

7 New Types of vehicles are required to be manufactured with approval requirements from date Date from when New Registrations must meet approval requirements Euro IV 1/10/2005 1/10/2006 Categories M and N with a reference mass in excess of 2,610kg Euro V 1/10/2008 1/10/2009 Euro VI 31/12/ /12/2013 How to establish whether your vehicle has heavy or light duty emissions certification The light duty or heavy duty emissions type approval number can be found on the EC CoC of an M1, N1, M2 or M3 vehicle under entry Exhaust emissions. For other vehicle types (such as N2 or N3), the number should be printed on official manufacturer documentation (such as Certificate of Conformity from SI 448 of 2007). The tables below have been created to help interrogate emissions type approval numbers in order to establish emissions level compliance. The emissions type approval number will specify the base directive which the approval has been issued under, its amendment and a code which signifies the emissions level. These can be interpreted in order to establish whether the vehicle has heavy or light duty emissions certification and the level of the certification achieved. Light duty emissions certification are often given Arabic numerical such as Euro 5 or Euro 6 while the roman numerals are used when referencing heavy duty emissions. Heavy duty guidance table The number will specify the base directive 2005/55/EC, followed by an amending directive (such as 2005/78/EC or 2006/51 or 2008/74) and will be followed by a character (letter). Alternatively the approval may be to (UN)ECE Regulation 49. This (UN)ECE number will also be followed by a character. The character (letter) contained in the emissions approval number for either EC or (UN)ECE will indicate Euro compliance as set out below: 7 September 2016

8 The table below shows the heavy duty certification and includes the various mandatory dates of registration for various vehicle types: Base Directive / Regulation Followed by a Character Euro Emissions Date from when New Registrations must meet approval requirements 2005/55/EC B IV 1/10/2006 C D V 1/10/2009 E F G H I J K 595/2009 (as amended by 582/2011) A Euro VI Row A of Appendix 9 of Table 1 of EU/582/ /12/2013 B Euro VI 1/9/2015 Row B of Appendix 9 of Table 1 of EU/582/2011 C Euro VI 31/12/2016 Row C of Appendix 9 of Table 1 of EU/582/ September 2016

9 Examples of emissions type approval numbers their emissions compliance; Emissions type approval number e11*2005/55*2005/78b*0003*00 e1*2005/55*2006/51f*0004*02 ECE B ECE49 as last amended by 04 E Comment B signifies Euro IV F signifies Euro V B signifies Euro IV E signifies Euro V 9 September 2016

10 Light duty guidance table The table below shows the light duty certification and includes the various mandatory dates of registration for various vehicle types: Base Directive (Followed by) Character Euro Emissions Vehicle Category and Class Last date of registration M1, M2, N1 Class I 31/12/ /220/EEC* B 4 M1 designed to fulfill 31/12/2011 specific social needs N1 Classes II and III, N2 715/2007 A 5a M, N1 Class I. 31/12/2012 B M1 to fulfill specific social needs (excluding M1G) C M1G to fulfill specific social needs 31/08/2012 D N1 Class II 31/12/2012 E F 5b M, N1 Class I G M1 to fulfill specific social needs (excluding M1G) 31/12/2013 H N1 Class II I J M, N1 Class I 31/08/2015 K M1 to fulfill specific social needs (excluding M1G) L N1 Class II 31/08/2016 M N 6a M, N1 Class I 31/12/2012 O N1 Class II P Q 6b M, N1 Class I 31/12/2013 R N1 Class II S T M, N1 Class I 31/08/2015 U N1 Class II 31/08/2016 V *Note that approvals to (UN)ECE Regulation Row B (or stage 2) are equivalent Euro 4 emissions levels. 10 September 2016

11 Interpretation of various light duty emissions numbers; Example of Emissions type approval number e2*70/220/eec*2003/76/ec (B) 70/220*2006/96B e4*715/2007*692/2008a*0001*00 e1*715/2007*595/2009c*0004*02 ECE83 as last amended by 05 stage 2 (UN)ECE83.05 B Interpretation of Euro emissions level 70/220 followed by letter B signifies Euro 4 compliance 70/220 followed by letter B signifies Euro 4 compliance 715/2007 followed by A signifies Euro 5a compliance 715/2007 followed by C signifies Euro 5a compliance (UN)ECE stage 2 signifies Euro 4 compliance (UN)ECE B approval signifies Euro 4 compliance 11 September 2016