Flood Prevention System and Flood Management in China
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1 IWHR, Beijing, China Flood Prevention System and Flood Management in China Yicheng Wang China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR) May 12, 2015
2 Contents 2. From Flood Control to Flood Management 3. Structural Measures 4. Non-structural Measures 5. Issues and Countermeasures
3 Topographic Characteristics The second level with an elevation of 1,000 to 2,000m The first level (Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau) with a mean elevation of over 4,000m The third level with a mean elevation of below 500m
4 River Basins in China Northwestern Rivers Yellow River Hai River Huai River Songhua River Liao River 7 Major River Basins: Yangtze River Yellow River Hai River Huai River Songhua River Liao River Pearl River Yangtze River Other River Basins: Southwestern Rivers Pearl River Southeastern Rivers Southeastern Rivers Southwestern Rivers Northwestern Rivers
5 Spatial Distribution of Precipitaion Average annual precipitation in China: 643mm. World s average: 800mm 降水深 (mm) Precipitation (mm)
6 Temporal Distribution of Precipitaion Precipitation is concentrated in the summer, especially in the northern part 8% 4% 9% 18% 18% 18% Winter 47% 62% 41% Fall Summer Spring 27% 16% 32% Nationwide North South
7 Distribution of Flood Disasters Area seriously threatened with flood disasters Area threatened with flood disasters Areas with flood disasters The developed region in eastern and southern China threatened seriously with flood disasters
8 Enormous economic loss 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0, In the period from 1990 to 2011, the average annual direct economic loss exceeded RMB120 billion, accounting for about 1.37% of the same period s GDP.
9 Death toll Unit: persons s 年代 s 年代 s 年代 s 年代 21 st 21 century 世纪
10 Contents 1. Background Information 3. Structural Measures 4. Non-structural Measures 5. Issues and Countermeasures
11 Turning point: 1998 floods in the Yangtze River and the Songhua River Before 1998: Attempts made to control floods After 1998: Policy shift from flood control to an integrated flood management Risk-based flood management: Flood Risk = hazard exposure vulnerability Non-structural measures Land use management Structural measures
12 General Framework of Flood Management
13 Contents 1. Background Information 2. From flood control to flood management 4. Non-structural Measures 5. Issues and Countermeasures
14 Structural measures: Levees, dams, flood detention basins flood diversion channels, river course training, etc. Levees with a total length of 410,000km Levee in the Yangtze River Levee in the Yellow River Levee in the Songhua River Levee in Wuhan
15 98,000 reservoirs dams with a total storage capacity of billion m 3 Xiaolangdi Dam in the Yellow River Three Gorges Dam in the Yangtze River
16 98 flood detention basins with a total surface area of 33,700km 2 and a total storage capacity of billion m 3 Jingjiang Detention Basin in the Middle Reach of the Yangtze River Mengwa Detention Basin in the Yellow River
17 97,000 Sluices constructed Jingshanhu Sluice Sanhe Sluice
18 Contents 1. Background Information 2. From flood control to flood management 3. Structural Measures 5. Issues and Countermeasures
19 Institutional Framework State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters (State FCDRH) General Commander: Vice Premier Vice General Commanders: Minister of Water Resources, Deputy Chief of the General Staff of PLA, and Deputy Secretary of the State Council
20 Institutional Framework
21 Laws and regulations Water Law Flood Control Law Flood Fighting Law Temporary Regulations for Compensation of Flood Retention Areas
22 Flood warning and forecast Typhoon disaster warning Monitoring of rainfall and river situation Flood forecast
23 Emergency management Rescue effort Flood fighting
24 Flood risk mapping
25 Flood control and drought relief commanding system General Framework River basin water resources commission State FCDRH FCDRH of a province Sub-center at a prefecture Information Collection Information collection Forecast Alternatives Consultation and decision making
26 Contents 1. Background Information 2. From flood control to flood management 3. Structural Measures 4. Non-structural Measures
27 Issues Incomplete flood prevention engineering system Aging flood prevention works Increasing economic loss caused by floods Inadequate security facilities in flood detention areas
28 Countermeasures Improving the structural system Improving the emergency management system Reinforcing the security system Enhancing the legal framework Building up an efficient supporting system
29 Telephone: End - Thank you
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