Biofuels - sugarcane ethanol: the Brazilian perspective

Transcription

1 McDonell Academy Global Energy and Environment Partnership 3 rd Symposium on the Global Energy Future WUSTL/I-CARES/MAGEEP St Louis, MO - October 1-5, 201 Biofuels - sugarcane ethanol: the Brazilian perspective Luís Cortez Professor UNICAMP Brazil 1

2 State University of Campinas UNICAMP Leader in Ehanol Research

3 Present situation of Bioethanol prodution in Brazil

4 Present Situation of Ethanol in Brazil - Brazil produces sugar and ethanol at lowest cost in the world - Sugarcane ethanol presents the best energy balance among biofuels (9:1) - It also is the best alternative to mitigate GHG emissions % of liquid fuels utilized in light vehicles fleet in Brazil - Ethanol is sold all over Brazil - Ethanol & bagasse represents 18% of Brazilian Energy Matrix (more than hydroelectricity 13%) - Generates nearly 750 thousand direct jobs in Brazil - Important contribution to Brazilian GDP with positive socioeconomic impacts, particularly in the country side 4

5 Where does Brazil plant Sugarcane? 55 ton/ha >82 ton/ha Not in the Amazon Best land for cane: Northeast coast Oldest (XVI century) Southeast highest productivity Centralwest main expansion area ; iac-abc-workshop pptx;chbritocruz & BIOEN 5

6 Sugarcane for ethanol uses 0.4% of Brazil s total area Small bioenergy footprint Total country area (851 MHa, 100%) Rural properties area (355 MHa, 42%) Area used for agriculture (76.7 MHa, 9%) Area used for sugarcane for ethanol (3.4 MHa, 0.4%) Source: Horta Nogueira e Seabra (2008) ; iac-abc-workshop pptx;chbritocruz & BIOEN 6

7 Brazilian Ethanol: reasons for success - Brazil established a dynamic relation between Research and Production particularly after 1975, involving govmt and private sectors - Sugarcane, an excellent energy crop - Creation of the Brazilian Model combining efficient sugar and ethanol production 7

8 Sugarcane Ethanol Learning Curve in Brazil

9 Cane Productivity (t/ha) New Cane Varieties 90 Yield(t/ha) São Paulo Center-South Northeast Brazil 30 77/78 79/80 81/82 83/84 85/86 87/88 89/90 91/92 93/94 95/96 97/98 99/00 01/02 03/04 Harvest Seasons Fermentation Yield (%) RENDIMENTO FERMENTATIVO(%) No Burning/Mechanization (%) SAFRA 9

10 Expanding Ethanol Production in Brazil - But the present questions are: - How much sustainable ethanol can Brazil produce? - What are the limits without touching the Amazon and other eco santuaries and preserving food and feed production? - What could be the sugarcane ethanol contribution to decrease GHG emissions? - What research can we do to reduce cost and improve sustainability indicators? LuísCortez-June14,

11 Source: Leite et al Without irrigation With survival irrigation

12 Ethanol Exports by 2025: million of m 3 Area=Prod m 3 Clusters(c)

13 Sugarcane: rising productivity, decreasing number of workers 1) Rising labor productivity 2) Mechanization 3) Increase in labor due to increase in area planted recently Source: Marcia Azanha, Biofuels and Social Inclusion, ; iac-abc-workshop pptx;chbritocruz & BIOEN 13

14 Research in Sugarcane Bioethanol in Brazil

15 Challenges in Bioenergy Productivity Biomass production Conversion processes Cellulose uses: electricity x liquid fuel Sustainability Emissions (LUC, ILUC, N) Water use The new agriculture of Food and Energy Environmental impacts Social impacts Economics: regulation, standards, certification in Brazil ; iac-abc-workshop pptx;chbritocruz & BIOEN

16 Main Research Initiatives in Cane and Ethanol in Brazil CTC: private center to assist industry Ridesa: public/private network for cane breeding IAC: public center on agronomic research Universities INMETRO: Certification CTBE: Bioethanol Science & Technology Laboratory EMBRAPA Agroenergy Center Fapesp Initiatives on Bioenergy ; iac-abc-workshop pptx;chbritocruz & BIOEN 16

17 Sugarcane research ; iac-abc-workshop pptx;chbritocruz & BIOEN 17

18 Increase in productivity through R&D in Brazil Agricultural and Industrial product. Productivity (tc/ha or lts/tc) lts de álcool/tc tc/hectare Productivity (liters/hectare) Total productivity + 4% per year ;bioenergy-in-brazil pptx;CHBritoCruz & BIOEN 18

19 Sugarcane: present and potential yield (Waclawovski et al, Sugarcane for bioenergy production: assessment of yield and regulation of sucrose content, PBJ 2009) ; iac-abc-workshop pptx;chbritocruz & BIOEN 19

20 Notes: billion liters ( 120 billion liters of gasoline) billion liters ( 120 billion liters of diesel) Displacement of World Gasoline and Diesel Consumption (10%) Biofuel Feedstock Yield ( L/ha) Land required (Mha) Ethanol 1 Sugarcane (1G) 6, Sugarcane (2G) 11,000 13? Corn (1G) 3, Corn (2G) 5,000 30? Biodiesel 2 Soya Castor beans Oil palm 5,000 45?

21 Institutional Cooperation in Bioenergy FAPESP- São Paulo State Research Foundation UNICAMP -State University of Campinas CTBE- Bioethanol Research Center

22 Three fronts at FAPESP Scientific and Technology roadmap Research Project in Public Policy Program (PPP Ethanol) Bioenergy Research Program (BIOEN) Research program; 5-10 anos Basic research core Conections to application through partnership with companies Bioenergy State Research Center Hubs in the three state universities USP, Unicamp, Unesp Funding: State Government, FAPESP and the Universities ; iac-abc-workshop pptx;chbritocruz & BIOEN 22

23 FAPESP s Research Program on Bioenergy (BIOEN): 5 areas Improvements in the feedstock: building a better cane plant for energy - EnergyCane Production of Ethanol and other products: hydrolysis, pyrolysis, gasification, fermentation, distillation New processes in alcohol-chemistry Ethanol based engine and fuel cell developments The Economics of Ethanol, Ethanol production and the environment, Social impacts, the new agriculture of food and energy ; iac-abc-workshop pptx;chbritocruz & BIOEN 23

24 Programs for Cooperative University- Research Partnership for Technological Innovation (PITE): Industry Research To finance Technological Innovation projects in the productive sector, developed in partnership with R&D institutions in the State of São Paulo and businesses located in Brazil and abroad. Technological Innovation projects involve scientific and technical knowledge with the objective of developing a product, process, system or service in which there is entrepreneurial or social interest. The part of the project under the responsibility of the research institution will be financed with no expectation of any return. It will be up to partnering businesses to match-fund either from their own or third-party resources. Innovative Research in Small Businesses (PIPE) The program aims to support the development of innovative pieces of research, to be carried out in small businesses that have their headquarters in the State of São Paulo, centered on significant science and technology problems which have a high potential for commercial or social return. The projects may be developed by researchers who have links to the small businesses or which are associated with them for the implementation of the project. Source: www,fapesp.br 24

25 Main Partnerships FAPESPindustry in bioenergy FAPESP-DEDINI: Ethanol Production (US$ 60 million) FAPESP-BRASKEM/IDEOM: Green Polymers (US$ 5 million) FAPESP-OXITENO: Alcoholchemistry and Sugarchemistry FAPESP-VALE: Biodiversity ; iac-abc-workshop pptx;chbritocruz & BIOEN 25

26 UNICAMP Research in Bioethanol Bioenergy State Research Center (LABIOEN) Biofuels Innovation Laboratory (LIB) UNICAMP Innovation Agency (INOVA)

27 UNICAMP Research in Bioethanol Leading university in biofuels research Ranked 177th in the world (Time Magazine 2007) 17,000 grad students, 850 PhD/year Innovation Agency (INOVA) Highest number of patents and licensing in Brazil Conducts biomass research in: Genomics New agricultural model (low impact) 2nd generation biofuels (hydrolysis, pyrolysis, and gasification) Green materials: green polymers Planning and Sustainability

28 new Bioenergy Laboratory (LABIOEN/PRP/UNICAMP) - Partnership with São Paulo State Government and São Paulo State Research Foundation FAPESP - Create 3 bioenergy research centers in São Paulo State - 5 research areas: -biomass production -biomass conversion, -biorefinery, -engines/fuels, and -sustainability aspects - Bioenergy is strategic in São Paulo State: 60% of sugarcane is produced in SP; 50% of all light vehicle in Brazil runs with sugarcane ethanol

29 new Biofuels Innovation Laboratory (LIB/INOVA/UNICAMP) - Partnership with FINEP - Incubate Projects with partnership UNICAMP-industry - Provide infra-structure for all university professors to cooperate with industry Coordination: Prof. Rubens Maciel - FEQ

30 CTBE: The New Brazilian Research Laboratory for Bioethanol Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory - CTBE, sponsored by the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology-MCT A new research center totally dedicated to sustainable sugarcane bioethanol Located in Campinas, Brazil near by UNICAMP Director Prof. Marco Aurélio Pinheiro Lima

31 Cooperation UNICAMP/Bioethanol Research Laboratory-CTBE

32 Ethanol PP Project:

33 Sugarcane Bioethanol: R&D for Productivity and Sustainability Lauched Sept pages 76 chapters 139 authors Publisher: Ethanol PP Project: Sales by Amazon

34 Conclusion Large scale biofuels are possible now Brazil (and other LA contries and Africa have land for 1st generation technology to suceed New S&T advances can make it even easier In LA and Africa biofuels can be a gateway to growth, development and social inclusion UNICAMP is ready to cooperate in biofuels research with MAGEEP partners! 35

35 MAGEEP Bioenergy 2011 Meeting in Brazil Research & Development on: - biomass production (feedstocks) - biomass conversion (1st and 2nd G technologies) - Biorefinery (new materials) - engines/fuels (new trends) - sustainability aspects (impacts and technologies) Suggested Date: August 12th, 2011 At UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil Conference BBEST 2011, August 14-18,